Examining a learner driven relationship of inquiry discerning emotional presence in online math coaching
1. EXAMINING A LEARNER-
DRIVEN RELATIONSHIP OF
INQUIRY: DISCERNING
EMOTIONAL PRESENCE IN
ONLINE MATH COACHING
Stefan Stenbom, Stefan Hrastinski, KTH
KTH Royal Institute of Royal Institute of
Technology, Sweden. Technology, Sweden.
Martha Cleveland-Innes,
KTH Royal Institute of
Technology, Sweden,
Athabasca University,
Canada.
2. 2012-10-22 KTH Royal Institute of Technology • www.kth.se 2
4. Student-student online coaching
“an online service where a student gets support on a specific
subject matter from a more experienced student”
Hrastinski, S. & Stenbom, S. (2012) Student–student online coaching:
Conceptualizing an emerging learning activity,
Internet and Higher Education.
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5. Emotional presence
the outward expression of emotion, affect and feeling,
by individuals engaged in a relationship of inquiry, as
they relate to and interact with the learning technology,
course content, and each other
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6. Research questions
1. Does the concept of emotional presence, as
identified in an online community of inquiry, apply in
an online relationship of inquiry?
2. To what extent does emotional presence emerge in
this case of online math coaching?
3. How does emotional presence correlate with the
characteristics of coaches?
4. How can emotional presence be addressed in online
math coaching?
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7. Respondents
N %
Gender Female 20 49
Male 21 51
University hub Karlstad 7 17
Linköping 16 39
Stockholm 18 44
Student target group Compulsory school (years 1-6) 7 17
Compulsory school (years 7-9) 9 22
Upper secondary school 25 61
Average:
• 120 hours of experience from working as a math coach.
• Completed 70% of their teacher training.
Response rate 100 %
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8. Emotional presence
Item N M SD
Emotion is expressed by students during coaching. 41 4.17 0.92
Expressing emotion in relation to math coaching is 40 3.75 0.95
acceptable.
I acknowledged emotion expressed by students 41 3.73 0.87
during coaching.
In my role as coach, I demonstrate emotion online 41 3.05 0.95
during coaching.
I find myself responding emotionally about 41 2.78 1.06
problems or issues that come up during coaching.
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9. Emotional presence compared to
Cognitive, Teaching and Social
presence
Cognitive presence Social presence
(M = 3.83, SD = 0.79) (M = 3.91, SD = 0.82)
Teaching presence Emotional presence
(M = 4.00, SD = 0.79) (M = 3.50, SD = 1.07)
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10. Correlations
Cognitive Social Teaching Emotional
Presence Presence Presence Presence
r -0.08 -0.02 0.01 0.05
Gender
p 0.07 0.7 0.75 0.51
r -0.03 -0.11 * -0.05 0.03
University hub
p 0.55 0.04 0.28 0.62
Student target r 0.21 ** 0.13 * 0.17 ** 0.06
group p < 0.01 0.01 < 0.01 0.39
Work r -0.10 * -0.05 0.02 -0.07
experience p 0.04 0.33 0.6 0.32
Completed par r -0.01 0.06 0.05 0.07
t of teacher
training p 0.82 0.28 0.31 0.34
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11. Transcripts analysis
Open analysis of the conversation transcripts.
Total of 1832 conversations (spring 2012)
Selected 18 (random) + 18 (searched) = 36
Identified four typical types of emotion.
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12. Transcripts analysis
Positive emotion expressed by the coachee in
the end of a conversation
(18:17) Coachee: Is it 0.24*1000=240 L?
(18:17) Coach: exactly!
(18:17) Coachee: WHAT? Ohh, so good!
THANKS!
(18:18) Coachee: Wait … so the box contains 240
L?
(18:19) Coach: Yes
(18:20) Coachee: OK!
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13. Transcripts analysis
Negative emotions expressed by coachees
about their own ability and skill in math
(18:57) Coachee: Write in one exponent: 2’6 x 2 (2 with
the exponent 6 times 2)
(19:00) Coach: So 22*2^6?
(19:01) Coach: Then you should use a rule for math
with exponentials that says
(19:01) Coach: 2^1 * 2^1 = 2^(1+1) = 2^2 = 4
(19:02) Coachee: Oh, I’m so confused, fuck math C is so
hard. The answer should be 2^7.
Where did the 4 came from?
(19:06) Coach: That was just an example. 2^2 is the
same as 2*2 which is equal to 4.
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14. Transcripts analysis
Negative emotions expressed by coachees
related to exams and homework
(17:55) Coachee: Eh, can’t you just subtract?
(17:56) Coach: Yep!. Of course you can
(17:58) Coachee: Ah damn, It’s a test tomorrow on
chapter 4 and 5. ie analytic geo and
shithole statistics!
(17:58) Coach: Ouch. Is it analytic geometry?
(18:00) Coachee: Yee
(18:00) Coach: OK
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15. Transcripts analysis
Positive emotions expressed by coaches in
order to encourage the coachee to move on
with the work
(2012-03-06 18:34) Coach: Yes, exactly!
(2012-03-27 19:40) Coach: thumbs up
(2012-05-22 19:05) Coach: Perfect! then we can solve
it using the pq-formula
(2012-04-17 18:19) Coach: Very good
(2012-05-24 18:55) Coach: You are thinking totally right
Well done
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16. Conclusions
1. There is an outward expression of emotion.
2. Emotional presence exists as an individual element of an
online relationship of inquiry.
3. No correlations with coach demographic.
4. We need to help coaches acknowledge and address
emotions.
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17. References (selected)
Arbaugh, J.B., Cleveland-Innes, M., Diaz, S.R., Garrison, D. R., Ice, P., Richardson, J. C.,
and Swan, K. (2008). Developing a community of inquiry instrument: Testing a measure
of the Community of Inquiry framework using a multi-institutional sample. Internet and
Higher Education 11(3-4): 133-136
Cleveland-Innes, M. and Campbell, P. (in press). Emotional presence, learning, and the
online learning environment. International Review of Research in Open and Distance
Learning.
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., and Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based
environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. Internet and Higher Education
2(2-3): 87-105.
Hrastinski, S., and Stenbom, S. (in press). Student-student online coaching:
Conceptualizing an emerging learning activity. Internet and Higher Education
Stenbom, S., Hrastinski, S., and Cleveland-Innes, M. (2012). Student-Student Online
Coaching as a Relationship of Inquiry: An Exploratory Study from the Coach Perspective.
Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks 16(5).
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During spring 2012Modified version ofCoIquestionnarie + demographic dataResponsrate 100 % - N = 41
The Items in the RoI survey that covers emotional presence3 about Coachees and 2 aboutCoaches …. The score is higher for questionsregarding coachees emotion thancoaches emotion (stat sign.)