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Santrock essentials 3e_ppt_ch16
- 1. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN LATE ADULTHOOD
16
ESSENTIALS OF LIFE-SPAN
DEVELOPMENT
JOHN W. SANTROCK
3e
- 2. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-2
CHAPTER OUTLINE
• Theories of socioemotional development
• Personality and society
• Families and social relationships
• Ethnicity, gender, and culture
- 3. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
16-3
THEORIES OF SOCIOEMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
• Erikson’s theory
• Activity theory
• Socioemotional selectivity theory
• Selective optimization with compensation theory
- 4. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-4
THEORIES OF SOCIOEMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
• Erikson’s theory
• Integrity vs. despair: Involves reflecting on the past and
either piecing together a positive review or concluding that
one’s life has not been well spent
• Life review - Looking back at one’s life experiences, evaluating
them, and interpreting/reinterpreting them
• Reminiscence therapy - Discussing past activities and
experiences with another individual or group
- 5. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
16-5
THEORIES OF SOCIOEMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
• Activity theory
• The more active and involved older adults are, the more
likely they are to be satisfied with their lives
• Socioemotional selectivity theory
• Older adults become more selective about their social
networks, spending more time with individuals with whom
they have had rewarding relationships
- 6. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
16-6
THEORIES OF SOCIOEMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
• Two important classes of goals
• Knowledge-related
• Emotion-related
• Trajectory for each type of goal is different
- 7. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
16-7
THEORIES OF SOCIOEMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
• Selective optimization with compensation theory:
Successful aging is linked with three main factors:
• Selection - Older adults have a reduced capacity and loss
of functioning, which require a reduction in performance in
most life domains
- 8. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-8
THEORIES OF SOCIOEMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
• Optimization - It is possible to maintain performance in
some areas through continued practice and the use of
new technologies
• Compensation - Older adults need to compensate when
life tasks require a higher level of capacity
- 9. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-9
FIGURE 16.1 - DEGREE OF PERSONAL LIFE
INVESTMENT AT DIFFERENT POINTS IN LIFE
- 10. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-10
PERSONALITY AND SOCIETY
• Personality
• Older adults in society
- 11. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-11
PERSONALITY AND SOCIETY
• Personality
• Transition into late adulthood was characterized by
increases in following aspects of conscientiousness
• Impulse control, reliability, and conventionality
• Higher conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness were
related to a lower risk of earlier death
- 12. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-12
PERSONALITY, THE SELF, AND SOCIETY
• Older adults in society
• Stereotyping older adults
• Ageism: Prejudice against others because of their age
• Policy issues in an aging society
• Status of the economy
• Health care
• Eldercare: Physical and emotional caretaking of older members
of the family
• Whether that care is day-to-day physical assistance or responsibility
for arranging and overseeing such care
• Technology
- 13. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-13
FAMILIES AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
• Lifestyle diversity
• Older adult parents and their adult children
• Friendship
• Social support and social integration
• Altruism and volunteerism
- 14. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-14
LIFESTYLE DIVERSITY
• Married older adults
• In 2010, 57% of U.S. adults over 65 were married; 27% of
older adult women were widows
• Marital satisfaction is greater in older adults than middle-
aged adults
• Older adults who are married or partnered are usually
happier and live longer than those who are single
- 15. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-15
LIFESTYLE DIVERSITY
• Divorced and remarried older adults
• In 2010, 11 percent of women and 9 percent of men 65
years and older in the United States were divorced or
separated
• Divorce has social, financial, and physical consequences
• Remarriage is increasing due to:
• Rising divorce rates
• Increased longevity
• Better health
- 16. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-16
LIFESTYLE DIVERSITY
• Cohabiting older adults
• In 2010, 3 percent of older adults were cohabiting
- 17. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-17
OLDER ADULT PARENTS AND THEIR
CHILDREN
• About 80% of older adults have living children,
many of whom are middle-aged
• Adult daughters are more likely to be involved in
the lives of aging parents
• Adult children often coordinate and monitor
services for aging disabled parents
- 18. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-18
FRIENDSHIP
• In late adulthood, new friendships are less likely to
be forged and close friends are chosen over new
friends
• Individuals with close ties to friends were less likely to
die across a seven-year age span
- 19. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-19
SOCIAL SUPPORT AND SOCIAL
INTEGRATION
• Social convoy model of social relations: Individuals
go through life embedded in a personal network of
individuals to whom they give and from whom they
receive social support
- 20. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-20
SOCIAL SUPPORT AND SOCIAL
INTEGRATION
• Older adults have fewer peripheral social contacts
and more emotionally positive contacts with friends
and family
• A low level of social integration is linked with
coronary heart disease in older adults
- 21. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-21
ALTRUISM AND VOLUNTEERISM
• Older adults who had persistently low or declining
feelings of usefulness to others had an increased risk
of earlier death
• Volunteering is associated with a number of positive
outcomes
• Constructive activities
• Productive roles
• Social integration
• Enhanced meaningfulness
- 22. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-22
ETHNICITY
• Ethnicity
• Gender
• Culture
- 23. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-23
ETHNICITY
• Elderly ethnic minority individuals face both ageism
and racism
• Despite stress and discrimination many ethnic
minority individuals have developed coping
mechanisms that allow them to survive
- 24. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-24
GENDER
• Some developmentalists believe that there is
decreasing femininity in women and decreasing
masculinity in men during late adulthood
• Older men often become more feminine, but women do
not necessarily become more masculine
• Older adult females face ageism and sexism
- 25. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-25
CULTURE
• Six factors are likely to predict high status for older
adults in a culture:
• Have valuable knowledge
• Control key family/community resources
• Engage in useful/valued functions as long as possible
• Age-related role changes that give greater responsibility,
authority, and advisory capacity
• Extended family
• Respect for older adults
- 26. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
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16-26
SUCCESSFUL AGING
• Many abilities can be maintained and/or improved
in older adults due to:
• Proper diet
• Active lifestyle
• Mental stimulation and flexibility
• Positive coping skills
• Good social relationships and support
• Absence of disease