2. Westward Movement
 Americans marched quickly toward west
 very hard w/ disease & loneliness
 Frontier people were individualistic,
superstitious & ill-informed
 Westward movement molded environment
 tobacco exhausted land

3. 5.3 million
Population Growth
from 1620 to 1860

6. Early Nativism-ANTI-IMMIGRATION
American “nativists” feared
invasion of immigrants
Took jobs
Took over
neighborhoods
Formed “American
Party”

7. american system
Promote nationalism was internal
improvements to unite the US.
•Transportation system of
roads, canals, steamships
and rivers.
•Finally… the railroad
Henry Clay,
John C. Calhoun, US
Senator from South
Congressmen from
Kentucky
Carolina
Provide economic growth (Economic Nationalism)
•Americans buying American goods
•American self-sufficiency.
•Protective tariff (allows US factories to grow)
•2nd Bank of the United States

8. Principal Canals in 1840

10.  Bad roads made transportation highly unreliable
 The National Road begun in 1811 and completed
by 1832
• Connected Maryland to Illinois.
• Built by US government

11. 1850 to 1860, RR proved most
significant development toward
national economy
Americans demanded
transcontinental railroad to
California.
• Completed by 1869.

12. A shift from goods made by
hand to factory and mass
production
Technological innovations
brought production from
farmhouse to factories
• Beginning of US Factory System
• Slow beginning

13. •Eli Whitney’s cotton gin
revolutionized the cotton industry.
•Mass Production and
Interchangeable Parts.
•Very important early pioneer in
America’s industrial revolution.
Cotton Production
The invention
which changed
the South, cotton
and slavery.

14. Cotton gin invented in 1793
• 50 times more effective than hand
picking
 New England factories
flourish with Southern
cotton- more $$$

15. 1807, Fulton's Clermont, was the
first commercially successful and
reliable steamboat. Steam boat
would revolutionize water travel.

16. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer
1840s
Sewing Machine
Perfected by Singer
Gave boost to northern industry
Became foundation for ready-made clothing industry
Led many women into factories

17. John Deere & the Steel Plow
Cyrus McCormick – reaper

18. Samuel F. B. Morse
1840 – Telegraph
“WHAT GOD HATH WROUGHT”

19. From left to right: Eli Whitney (cotton gin, interchangeable parts),
Robert Fulton (steam boat), Thomas Edison (light bulb), Cyrus
McCormick (reaper), Richard Hoe (automatic printing press)

20. •Slater came to US to
make his fortune in
the textile industry.
•Cotton Mill
Samuel Slater
was the "Father
of the American
Factory
System."

21. Early Textile Loom

22. Americans beat the British at their
own game, made better factories
Francis C Lowell came over here to
build British factories met up with
Boston mechanic, Paul Moody

23. The Lowell System
Lowell, Massachusetts, 1832
 Young New England farm girls
(Often Women and Children would be in the
workplace because it would be cheaper for
companies)
 Supervised on and off the job
 Worked 6 days a week, 13 hours a day
 Escorted to church on Sunday

24. •1830s,
Industrialization grew
throughout the
North…
•Southern cotton
shipped to Northern
textile mills was a good
working relationship.
…..
But that “Good
Relationship” would
be strained…

27. •In 1819, Missouri became the first part of the
Louisiana Purchase to apply for statehood
–Threatened the balance of power in Congress
•11 free states
•11 slave states
•After months of heated debate in Congress, Henry
Clay won majority support for 3 bills that
represented a compromise
–Missouri was to be admitted as a slaveholding
state
–Maine was to be admitted as a free state
–In the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of
latitude 3630', slavery was prohibited

29. •Even with Jackson
winning the popular
vote, he had to win the
electoral vote as well.
•There were 261 total
electoral votes and
Jackson needed 131 to
win the electoral vote
and the election.
•Jackson did not
receive a majority of
electoral votes to win
the election.
•Sent to the House of
Representatives to
choose the president.
The Election of 1824
•261
electoral
votes and
131 needed
to win.

30. The Corrupt Bargain
•Henry Clay gives his support to John Q. Adams and the
House of Representatives chooses Adams as the President.
•Two weeks later, Adams appoints Henry Clay as his
Secretary of State….
•Jackson cries out corruption and calls this the “Corrupt
Bargain.”
•Jackson promises he would run again for the Presidency
in 1828 and would smash Adams.
corrupt

31. Jackson and J. Q. Adams ran
against each other for the
presidency
One anti-Jackson newspaper declared,
“General Jackson’s mother was a common
prostitute, brought to this country by the
British soldiers! She, afterwards married a
mulatto man with whom she had several
children, of which one was Andrew Jackson.”
•Anti-Adams people accused
him of hiring a servant girl for
a visiting Russian
ambassador…
•Adams was accused of
gambling in the White House.
•One of the worst elections in US History for its “mudslinging.”
•As a result of this, Jackson’s wife Rachel, died of a heart attack just
before he became President…He blamed Adams and Clay and never
forgave them…..

32. The Election of 1824 The Election of 1828
•Election
of 1824,
355,817
voted.
•Election
1828,
1,155,350
voted… the
expansion of
Voting Rights
to COMMON
Men was the
Key to
Jackson’s
Win.

33. Essential Question
Champion of
the “Common
Man”?
“King”
Andrew?
OR

34. Rise of the Common
Man and The New
Democracy
Bricklayers
Blacksmith
Farmers
Carpenters
The Working
Class
Powerful movement
in the country to
expand involvement
and participation of
the common man in
democracy.
Land easy to
obtain in the
West so
property
qualifications
were dropped
Education
not as
important
Common Man and the
west become politically
powerful
Jackson brought
democracy to the
Common man
Jackson stood
for the
common man
which was
most of the
population
Other Common
Men in US
History:
Davy Crockett
Sam Houston
SPOILS System:
Putting your
friends and
supporters in high
Govt Jobs

35. Jackson’s Indian Removal
 Jackson’s Goal?
 Expansion into the southwest for southern
planters
 1830: Indian Removal Act
 5 Civilized Tribes: (forced removal)
 Cherokee Creek Choctaw
 Chickasaw Seminole
 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)
 “domestic dependent nation”
 Worcester v. GA (1832)
 Cherokee law is sovereign and Georgia law does
not apply in Cherokee nation.
 Jackson: John Marshall has made his
decision, now let him enforce it!

38. Long time we travel on way to new land. People feel bad when they
leave old nation. Women cry and make sad wails. Children cry and
many men cry, and all look sad like when friends die, but they say
nothing and just put heads down and keep on go towards West.
Many days pass and people die very much. We bury close by Trail.
Survivor of the Trail of Tears

39. NULLIFICATION CRISIS
John C. Calhoun,
former VP under
Jackson, US
Senator from
South Carolina
President
Jackson,
THE UNITED
STATES
**Demonstrates the growing
conflict between South and
National Power/NORTH

40.  To “NULLIFY” a Federal Law is to eliminate it.
 The Nullification Crisis was an argument over
IF the States had the RIGHT/POWER to
eliminate a FEDERAL/NATIONAL Law?
 According to our Constitution the National
Govt ALWAYS has the last word…
 Jackson’s opposition to NULLIFICATION
enhanced his reputation as a STRONG
President.

41. Tariffs on Imports 1824 & 1828
 Hurt Southern economy
• Loss of inexpensive British imports
• Forced to buy expensive Northern goods
• Felt North getting rich off South
 John Calhoun developed nullification theory
• Constitution established by sovereign states
• States still sovereign
 Have right to determine Congressional acts unconstitutional
 South Carolina declares tariffs null and void within
state
• Couldn’t get support from other Southern states
• South Carolina did get tariffs lowered
 Proved a single state could force its will on Congress

42. The Bank of the United States, although privately owned
(Nicholas Biddle), received federal deposits and attempted
to serve a public purpose by cushioning the ups and downs
of the national economy … Govt supported Rich

43. • Jackson
opposed the bill
to support the
Second Bank of
the USA… he
thought it was
“special
privileges” for
rich
• Reinforced his
image of a
“COMMON
MAN”
• This won him
re-election in
1832
The 1832 Election

44. Republic of Texas is created in 1836 w/ Sam
Houston chosen president.
• Texas requested annexation by the U.S., but Jackson
will refuse in order to avoid war w/ Mexico. He also
didn’t want to disrupt the Democratic Party and anti-slavery
Northerners.
Texas will be admitted as a slave state in 1845.

45.  Birth of the WHIG
Party (those who
oppose Jackson/Van
Buren)
 Economic Panic of
1837- overextension
of credit & crop
failures
 1 term President

46.  Whigs elect their first
President in 1840 but when
William Harrison gives the
longest inauguration speech
(2 hours) in the dead of
winter, w/o overcoat he will
die of pneumonia a month
later.
 John Tyler (VP) takes over
and serves 1 term before
being voted out for James
POLK