1. Leadership in Perspectives
Leadership in Confucianism
Leadership in Taoism
Leadership in Legalism
Leadership in Stratagem
Strategies for Success
Leadership in Negotiation
策略/謀略/智取
3. Art of Strategy
《管理大師的孫子兵法》更是全
球第一本由西方人撰寫的孫子兵
法管理智慧,並被美國哈佛大學
商學院列為培養經理人員的必讀
教材
作 者:維爾訥.史旺菲勒德爾
編/譯者:張維娟
出版社:知識流
ISBN:9868132886
出版日:2006.12.28
NOT Art of War
★ Strategy Management
4. 特色 (Features - Implications)
孫子兵法重新排列 (Reorganize in order)
From purpose (goal), principles, strategy/planning,
tactics, …
從企業經營管理、領導(統御)、競爭優勢…等角度解析
From business, management, leadership, strategy, …
中英文雙語及圖片(if possible) 來解釋
Bilingual, Diagrams, …
輔以老子、武經七書、太公兵法、…等
Compliment if any appropriate
應用實例 (Practices, examples)
6. Strategist : Sun Tzu (Stratagem)
Sun Tzu's The Art of War teaches the science of strategy, known
in Chinese as bing-fa. Bing-fa is a sophisticated system of
advancing your position to make success inevitable. The beauty
of this system is that it makes winning easy while avoiding
conflict.
The science of strategy works in any situation where your
success depends upon how other people view your position. It
teaches you how to evaluate the potential actions of others and
react appropriately.
物質的戰鬥力 vs. 精神的戰鬥力
Karl von Clausewitz(戰爭公算) vs. Napoleon Bonaparte (士氣)
18. 廟堂與廟算 (為先)
孫子兵法首篇即言:夫未戰而廟算 勝者(Temple, War Room),得算多也;
未戰而廟算 不勝者,得算少也(贏的機會不多)。多算,勝;少算,不勝;而況
於無算乎!吾以此觀之,勝負見矣“
在起戰之前眾將官(stakeholders)在廟堂(War Room)舉行推演會議(initial
/ kickoff meetings),從各種不同角度評估(estimation)各種可能戰略/戰術
(alternatives):算自己(知己),也算別人(知彼),算利害,算得失。沒有
算計(calculation),就不知彼此之強弱與優劣態勢(SWOT),就無法以最
佳(最低付出/成本以獲得最高利益/報酬)的策略(strategy)和決策(decision-
making)取得成功。善謀者(strategist)即善算者,一言以蔽之,善算之人。孫
子兵法開宗明義(始計第一)即召告廟算之重要,其核心一字以概之,曰
〈算〉。在廟堂之上利用眾人智慧外,而且要多向度的考量、評估和比較以權
衡(因利制權)得失和各種可能之結果,在博採眾議和多方評估之後,才採取
行動方案。在二千五百年前之兵書上即召告後學者:在理性(rationale)基礎
上 進行集體智慧的評估和研議之必要和重要。(Win or lose is evaluated
beforehand by calculations。)
19. 孫子兵法的精髓 (陽面)
地生度
(Earth, land) Markets, market
segmentation; various solutions,
alternatives (options),
combination,
Dimensions (Y = 2 or 3 or …);
Parameters (X = 2 or 3 or …);
XY = Combinations, Options for
diagnosis, 22, 32, 23, 33, …
度生量
Estimation, measurement (analysis) (measurable), Numbers, measures
(quality to quantity ~ quantifiable)
量生数
Calculation (+/-/×/÷), summation,
(synthesis)
Figures: measures to metrics, data to
information, tradeoffs,
数生称
Comparison (Evaluation), balancing
among chances,
Profits, opportunities vs. costs & risks,
称生胜
Win-win victors (SA&P策略聯盟<
因糧於敵>, merger, acquisition,
etc.) or winner vs. loser
Winner/Victory: Zero-sum / win-win
(red / blue oceans), choice of
chances (decision-making)
20. 孫子兵法的精髓 (陽面)1
不僅止於廟算和多算之明示外,孫子也提供了估算方法
(methodology)。兵法言:“一曰度,二曰量,三曰數,四曰稱,五曰
勝” 其中之推演程序也表明:“地生度,度生量,量生數,數生稱,稱生
勝”(軍形第四)。透過如此系統的和量化的分析與綜合,在未開戰之前,
勝負之預判似乎早已呼之欲出了。(Systematic, quantitative, and analytical
methods are used to estimate each alternative for decision-making)。孫子兵
法用了六個字和五個步驟即點明了評估之程序。運籌帷幄之機 如此言簡
意賅的點出,堪稱古今中外一絕。但卻也造成了後代無法究理的臆測。
或避而不談或輕輕帶過。
(地生度)地者,非僅止於戰地、土地而已,於今泛指目標市場
(marketing),行銷範圍,或統計母體(population)。度者,向度
(Dimension)也。有了向度就可以進一步做市場區隔(market
segmentation)。
24. 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership
by John Maxwell (Example)
21 Dimensions of Leadership
Law of the Lid Law of Intuition Law of Victory
Law of Influence Law of Magnetism Law of the Big Mo
Law of Process Law of Connection Law of Priorities
Law of Navigation Law of the Inner Circle Law of Sacrifice
Law of E. F. Hutton Law of Empowerment Law of Timing
Law of Solid Ground Law of Reproduction Law of Explosive Growth
Law of Respect Law of Buy-In Law of Legacy
25. Corporate Leadership Statistics
21 Laws of Leadership
0
2
4
6
8
TheLaw
oftheLid
TheLaw
ofInfluence
TheLaw
ofProcess
TheLaw
ofNavigation
TheLaw
ofE.F.Hutton
TheLaw
ofSolid
G
round
TheLaw
ofRespect
TheLaw
ofIntuition
TheLaw
ofM
agnetism
TheLaw
ofConnection
TheLaw
oftheInnerCircle
TheLaw
ofEm
pow
erm
ent
TheLaw
ofReproduction
TheLaw
ofBuy-In
TheLaw
ofVictory
TheLaw
oftheBig
M
o
TheLaw
ofPriorities
TheLaw
ofSacrifice
TheLaw
ofTim
ing
TheLaw
ofExplosive
Growth
TheLaw
ofLegacy
21 Dimensions
Measures
Company A
Mr. A
26. Leadership in Stratagems
修道而保法
(領導是【道】而非「術」)
領導 絕非 金錢、權力、詐術、威脅、利誘、… 可引發
人人,正正,辭辭,火火。
Play the role accordingly, discipline yourself, role &
responsibility, performance mgmt (rewarding/ motivation)
發號布令而人樂聞,興師動眾而人樂戰,交兵接刃而人樂
死。此三者,人主之所恃也。(吳子兵法/勵士)
上下同欲者 勝 (謀攻) – esprit de corps (團隊精神)
無與同好,誰與同惡? (史記/楚世家)
28. Leadership in Strategy – Sun Tzu
校之以計而索其情(孫子始計)
兵者詭道也。兵以詐立、以利動、以分合為變者也
能而示之不能,用而示之不用,近而示之遠,遠而示之近 (真真假
假、虛虛實實)
不战而屈人之兵,善用兵者屈人之兵非战也,拔人之城非攻也,毀
人之國非久也,
道者:令民與上同意,可與之生,可與之死,而民不畏危也 (上下同
欲者,勝)
As a strategist (militarist) and strategy management followed the
Taoism
萬人必死,橫行天下。
35. 7-Dimension Appraisal of Org.
Assessment of organization
0 2 4 6 8
主孰有道?
將孰有能?
天地孰得?
法令孰行?
兵眾孰強?
士卒孰練?
賞罰孰明?
Measures
7 Dimensions
Company B
Company A
44. EI = BI + CI (Strategic Thinking)
Executive Intelligence (EI, 決策情報系統)
Business Intelligence (BI)
知己(Your SWOT)
Competitive Intelligence (CI)
知彼(others’ SWOT)
Operations Research
(Inside Variables)
Marketing Research
(Outside Variables)
46. SWOT (Positioning in the Game)
Competitive Advantages
StrengthsWeaknesses
OpportunitiesThreats
NOW
PAST
FUTURE
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
Current issues, problems, etc. Current cores, advantages, etc.
Develop strategies, etc.
Identify trends, forecasting,
Manage performances,
optimize processes, etc.
47. Leadership in Strategy – Sun Tzu
奇正相生:有分合,有形勢,擊虛、避實,兵
不厭詐 出奇制勝 兵以詐立
知己知彼,用間知彼,把握主動
兵貴神速 (快狠準)
Speed, time to market
因利制權、上兵伐謀
Intelligence & Strategy
能而示之不能,用而示之不用,近而示之遠,
遠而示之近,利而誘之,亂而取之,實而備
之,強而避之,怒而撓之,卑而驕之,佚而勞
之,親而離之,攻其無備,出其不意,
49. 主動而機先 Take Initiative
Reactive
Catch up with Johns
不知不覺
Proactive
Get ready in advance
Innovative先知先覺
ActiveLeading-edge
You Care後知後覺
故明君賢將所以動而勝人,成功出於眾者,先知也。先知者,
不可取於鬼神,不可象於事,不可驗於度,
必取於人,知敵之情者也。
90. Leadership in Perspectives
Leadership in Confucianism
Leadership in Taoism
Leadership in Legalism
Leadership in Strategy Management
Leadership in Negotiation
縱橫學派