SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 152
Baixar para ler offline
GOOD MORNING ALL
Supervisor Dr Maher Fouda
Prepared by Hawa Shoaib
TORQUE
1. Torque is a force system. It is produced by torsion in an arch
wire that creates a couple when interacted with a bracket slot,
which is the result of twist in the wire compared to the bracket
slot.
2. Torque is not “in the wire”. Torque is not the angle of the
bracket slot. Torque is not the axial inclination of the tooth.
Torque in orthodontics
 3. Torque applied to a tooth created by torsion in the arch wire
against the bracket slot spins the tooth around its center of
resistance.
In orthodontics mechanics, 3rd order twist in the
arch wire only produces a couple (torque).
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
4. A wire twisted to produce lingual ROOT torque to the
maxillary incisors will also extrude the maxillary
incisors
Torque in orthodontics
 5. A wire twisted to produce labial root torque to the
maxillary incisor will also intrude the maxillary
incisors.
Mechanically, it refers to the twisting of a structure
about its longitudinal axis, resulting in an angle of
twist. Torque is a shear-based moment that causes
rotation. Clinically, in orthodontics, it represents the
buccopalatal crown/root inclination of a tooth..
Angle Orthodontist, Vol 80, No 1, 2010
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
ANGLE ORTHODONTIST, VOL 82, NO 4, 2012
 In orthodontic treatment, torque control is often required,
particularly in the maxillary incisors, for an ideal inter
incisal angle, adequate incisor contact, and sagittal
adjustment of the dentition in order to achieve an ideal
occlusion.
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
BIOMECHANICS OF TORQUE
 1 .Torque or root movement is achieved by
keeping the crowns stationary and applying a
moment to force only to the root..
 2 .The center of rotation of a tooth is at the
incisal edge in case of root movement..
Torque in orthodontics
 3. The M/F ratio should at least be 12: 1 to
achieve root movement
 4 .According to Dr. Ravindra Nanda :
 M/F ratio of 5:1 causes uncontrolled tipping
 M/F ratio of 7:1 causes controlled tipping
 M/F ratio of 10:1 causes translation
 M/F ratio of 12:1 causes ROOT MOVEMENT
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
 PROFFIT has stated the simplest way to determine
how a tooth will move is to consider the ratio between
moment created when force is applied to crown (Mf)
and counterbalancing moment generated by a couple
within the bracket (MC)
Torque in orthodontics
The ratio between the moment produced by the force applied to
move a tooth (MF) and the counterbalancing moment produced
by the couple used to control root position (MC) determines the
type of tooth movement.
With no MC, (MC/MF = 0), the tooth rotates around the center
of resistance (pure tipping). As the moment-to-force ratio
increases (0 < MC/MF < 1), the center of rotation is displaced
further and further away from the center of resistance,
producing what is called controlled tipping. When MC/MF = 1,
the center of rotation is displaced to infinity and bodily
movement (translation) occurs. If MC/MF > 1, the center of
rotation is displaced incisally and the root apex will move more
than the crown, producing root torque.
ANGLE ORTHODONTIST, VOL 85, NO 2, 2015
 torque expression is affected by the amount of play
between the arch wire and the bracket slot and by
variations in tooth anatomy, variations in bracket
placement, inaccuracies in the bracket slot and arch wire
dimensions ,mode of ligation of an arch wire, and
stiffness of the arch wire
 The MBT and Roth bracket prescriptions are the two
commonly used preadjusted edgewise appliance systems
in the United Kingdom..
Torque in orthodontics
ANGLE ORTHODONTIST, VOL 85, NO 2, 2015
There is no difference in the final inclinations of
the upper central incisor, lower central incisor,
and upper canine in patients treated with either
the MBT or Roth prescription preadjusted
edgewise appliances.
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
TORQUE EXPRESSION 0.018 VS 0.020 SLOT
Torque in orthodontics
EXPRESSION OF TORQUE
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
THE MBT™ VERSATILE+ APPLIANCE
SYSTEM
 Inadequate torque expressed in the anterior teeth
can result in torque loss in the upper incisors
during over jet reduction or space closure and
proclination of the lower incisors when leveling
the Curve of Spee or treating for crowding in the
lower arch.
Torque in orthodontics
The MBT™ Versatile+ Appliance System offers
greater palatal root torque in the upper incisor area
and greater labial root torque in the lower incisors.
For increased versatility, two options are available
for the upper central incisors: +17° or +22°,
depending on the clinical need.
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
MODE OF LIGATION
CLASS || MALOCCLUSION AND TORQUE
Torque in orthodontics
CASE REPORT 1
An 11-year-old girl had crooked and proclined front teeth.
She had a convex profile and a deep mentolabial fold.
mandible was retrognathic. Severe proclined maxillary
incisors were obvious in photographs that showed her
smiling
Intraoral photographs indicated a half-cusp Class II canine relationship on the left and a one-
cusp Class II canine relationship on the right, with a deep overbite and a 10-mm overjet.
Extraction was indicated because of the proclined maxillary anterior teeth and 3-mm
crowding in the maxillary arch and the excessive curve of Spee and 2-mm crowding the
mandibular arch
Initially we used Australian 0.016-inch wire with multiple helical vertical
loops among maxillary anterior teeth and circle loops flush mesial to the canines,
so that the resolution of anterior crowding and distalization of the canines could be
realized simultaneously. During this stage Class II elastics, between mandibular
first molars and the vertical loops distal to the lateral incisors, were used with light
force, around 2 oz The flush circle bend then pushed the canine distally
 High-torque brackets were used in the maxillary arch
(22-degree torque for the maxillary central incisors)
because the maxillary incisors were prone to
retroclination during retraction.
 Low-torque brackets were chosen for the mandibular
arch (–6-degree torque for the mandibular incisors)
because the negative torque prescription in the
mandibular incisors could counteract the side effect of
anterior proclination caused by Class II elastics.
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
TORQUE CONTROL IN
VARIOUS TREATMENT STEPS
 1 .LEVELING AND ALIGNING
 2 .SPACE CLOSURE AND TORQUE
BITE OPENING CURVES AND TORGUE
Torque in orthodontics
SPEE CURVE LEVELING WITH REVERSE CURVES
 When we use reverse curves to level a deep curve of
Spee, we find that the intrusive forces exercised in
the anterior and posterior sectors are balanced with
the extrusive forces that are exercised in the
premolar region. Another effect is that the intrusive
forces are going to provoke at the molar level a
positive torque and a distal inclination of the
crowns and a mesial movement of their roots; on
the other hand the intrusive forces exercised at the
incisor level will provoke a buccal movement of
these (positive torque).
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
DEFFRENTIAL TORQUE
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
TORQUE ( CLEARANCE)
CLEARANCE is the amount of play between the
bracket and arch wire which depends on the size of
the arch wire.
Torque in orthodontics
For example, a 0.017-inch × 0.025-inch stainless steel
arch wire has approximately 12 to 14 degrees of play in
a 0.022-inch slot, assuming that the wire is completely
passive when retraction starts, while a 0.016-inch ×
0.022-inch stainless steel arch wire has 16 to 18
degrees of play . Then will show greater amounts of
tipping and a prolonged phase I and phase II of
retraction compared to the former. A clinician should
judiciously select the arch wire for space closure.
So if the anterior teeth are flared at the beginning,
more tipping is required; hence a thicker wire will be
of limited use, as the effective play will be less. If
instead the teeth are upright and there is a need for
more control on the incisors, a thicker wire should be
the choice..
INTRUSION AND TORQUE CONTROL
UTILITY ARCH OR CTA
The utility arch is similar in design to the CTA.
 It is stepped down at the molars, passes through the
buccal vestibule, and is stepped up at the incisors to
avoid distortion from occlusal forces. The difference is
that for intrusion the utility arch is tied into the incisor
brackets, which create a two-couple force system the
moment of which tends to tip the incisor crowns facially
and the molar distally
Torque in orthodontics
 the facial tipping of incisors can be avoided by
cinching or tying back the intrusion utility arch,
any force that tends to bring the anchor teeth
mesially is undesirable. Incorporating a “twist”
or “torque bend” in the incisor segment is
another way of controlling the tendency of the
teeth to tip facially;
Another problem is that, unlike the CTA, this being a two-
couple system means that it is impossible to accurately
determine the magnitude of the reactive forces (statically
indeterminate), which makes it rather impossible to adjust the
arch wire to prevent side effects. Therefore in our clinical
practice we prefer to use the CTA. Also, considerable chair
time is saved as the CTA involves no wire bending and needs
minimal adjustment So CTA IS BETTER FOR
CONTROL OF TORQUE
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
a ‘‘bi dimensional-slot’’ technique. In the
bidimensional slot technique, the pre torqued 0.018-
inch brackets are placed on the incisors, while the
0.022-inch brackets are placed on other teeth. When
a 0.018 / 0.022-inch SS arch wire is engaged, it
‘‘full-sizedly’’ fits into the anterior brackets, but
leaves a clearance of 0.004 inch within the buccal
brackets.
The theories of the bi dimensional approach—that
the full-size engagement at the anterior segment can
give the utmost play to the pre torque in these
brackets, while the clearance at the buccal segments
can facilitate the wire sliding in space closure—
probably make sense.
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Lead to
So use
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
 1 .The active self-ligating brackets seem to have
better torque control, a direct result of their active
clip forcing the wire into the bracket slot.
 2. The amount of arch wire bracket slop was
considerably less for active self-ligating brackets
than passive self-ligating brackets.
 3. The active self-ligating brackets expressed
higher torque values than the passive self-ligating
brackets at clinically usable torsion angles (0°-
35°)..
 Application of a second-order couple
through a bracket to a longitudinally
twisted arch wire will set up a small third-
order couple. This couple will have a
restraining effect on the third-order wire-
bracket interaction.
CASE REPORT 2
Anterior labial root torque
 When upper anterior teeth, particularly lateral incisors, are
in cross bite, they often need labial root torque. Normally
positioned lateral incisor brackets, due to the torque built
into those brackets, encourage the expression of lingual
root torque. In cases where labial root torque is desired, the
laterals never look quite right when normal torque
expression occurs. My answer to this problem is to place
the lateral incisor brackets on upside down. Flipping the
brackets changes the torque expression from
predominately lingual root torque to predominately
labial root torque when rectangular wire is used.
Torque in orthodontics
THE PROCEDURE TO ENCOURAGE LABIAL ROOT TORQUE IS AS
FOLLOWS:
 1) Create space in the arch form for the blocked out
lateral incisor. This can be done on the initial arch wire
by packing open coil spring between the central and
canine in non-extraction cases, or by using a combination
of coils and/or lacebacks in extraction cases . use a
slightly larger (about 2mm) piece of coil each month until
enough space in the arch form is created to accommodate
the blocked out tooth.
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
 2) Once sufficient space is created, bracket the blocked
out tooth (in our example, the upper lateral incisor).
Place the bracket on upside down and engage the tooth. A
light flexible arch wire must be used because that wire
must be deflected a significant amount to engage the tooth.
Often, as in the case shown here, a tandem arch wire set up
is used.
 3) This set-up will result in labial movement of the crown.
Because round wire is being used, no torque expression
occurs as a result of torque in the bracket slot. At this stage
of treatment it doesn't matter what the torque in the bracket
slot is. Once the crossbite is corrected, remove the
composite from the occlusal surface of the lower molars.
The overbite will help retain the labial crown movement.
 4)Once initial aligning is complete, begin torque
expression by using a low load deflection rectangular
arch wire. I often use 019x025 heat activated nickel
titanium (HANT) followed by 021x025 HANT.
Filling the slot encourages the expression of torque.
The upside down bracket means the torque in the
bracket slot encourages labial root/lingual crown
torque. Because of anterior overbite, occlusion helps
the crown retain its position while labial root torque
occurs. Usually about 10 weeks of 021x025 HANT
is necessary to achieve full torque expression. Leave
the bracket on upside down for the whole treatment.
That way correct torque expression is encouraged
throughout the whole treatment.
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Periodontal Ligament Hydrostatic
Pressure
with Areas of Root Resorption after
Application of a Continuous Torque
Moment
Angle Orthodontist, Vol 77, No 4, 2007
 Resorption lacunae (arrows) are visible on the lingual sides of the lingual (LR) and
buccal (BR) root parts.
 application of a torque of 6 N mm, the root resorption was
greater than for the teeth that received 3 N mm of torque in
the in vivo experiments.
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
 Good control in the retraction of anterior teeth
during space closure is essential for successful
orthodontic treatment. The incorporation of hooks
in the retraction arch allows one to adjust the
height of the line of action of the force by means
of different lengths of soldered hooks..
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
 The group with the 6 mm hook presented better
results probably due to the fact that the system
produced more bodily movement (translation)
than palatal inclination, however the greater
difficulty in moving the root in the distal
direction simultaneously to the crown, probably
requires a longer retraction time, or greater force
application..
 » Arches with vertical 6 mm high soldered
hooks allowed approximation of the line of
action of force to the center of resistance of the
incisors, providing better mechanical control.
 » Association of palatal torque on the
retraction arches of anterior teeth is suggested
to increase vertical control and diminish the
palatal inclination of the incisors during the
movement of retraction.
THE MOST COMMON SITUATIONS AND
RECOMMENDED BRACKET
PRESCRIPTIONS INCLUDE
1-Upper incisors
Negative bracket torque prescription (If they become
available
 A) advancement of upper crowding in non-extraction
cases
 B) open bite prevention
 C) advancement of upper incisors in non-extraction cases
needing Cl III elastics
Positive bracket torque prescription ;
 A) non-extraction cases where the upper incisor start
out being retroclined
 B) Class II cases where the upper arch is extracting
and the upper incisor will be retracted
 C) Cases where there are gingival display concerns
 2-Lower Incisors
Negative bracket torque prescription
 A) advancement of lower crowding in non-extraction
cases
 B) advancement of lower incisors in non-extraction
cases needing Class II elastics
 C) Class III non-extraction cases to minimize the
lower incisor advancement
Positive bracket torque prescription
 A) Class I cases where lower bicuspids are
extracted to add lower anterior anchorage
 B) Class II cases where lower bicuspids are
extracted to add lower anterior anchorage
 Non-extraction Class II cases planning to use Class II elastic mechanics
also could benefit from using Negative torque prescription to prevent
excessive proclination lower incisors. This can result in more stability and
a better periodontal prognosis.
 Torque is affected only when 2 edges of
rectangular wire touch the walls of the bracket
slot. But there cannot be excessive binding such
that arch wires are not permitted to move easily
for alignment and to allow sliding
mechanics(Andrews, 1972)
 This is a central
dilemma of bracket
design: friction is the
enemy of some tooth
movements such as
alignment and sliding
mechanics while it is our
best friend for other
tooth movements like
application of torque.
To balance this dilemma manufactures machine up
to 20 degrees of wire spin when .019”x.025”ss wire
is engaged into a .022” slot bracket and 6 degrees
on a .021”x.025”ss wire. (Archambault, et al., 2010)
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Light wire auxiliaries with pre-
adjusted edgewise
appliance to control individual
incisor torque
the torque spurs have been used to torque
the incisor roots as required but they have inherent
disadvantages such as excessive torque expression
and lingual displacement of the tooth if the
attachment to main archwire breaks.
Looped torque auxiliaries have been used for
progressive torquing of the incisor roots..
These auxiliaries deliver light, continuous
forces without reactivation and produce little, if
any, patient discomfort. Despite their advantages,,
some orthodontists refrain from using them because
of esthetic and hygienic concerns.
The MAA is constructed in a circular shape, when the MAA is
pulled open and tied to the lower incisor bracket using a ligature
wire a couple is generated with the incisal part of the box applying
a lingual force on the tooth and gingival part of the box applying a
labial force.
Torque in orthodontics
An 18-year-old female ..chief complaint of irregularly
placed upper front teeth. The initial clinical examination
revealed the following extra oral features:
mesocephalic, mesofacial, mild convex profile with mild
posterior divergence and competent lips . Intraoral
examination revealed Class I molar relation bilaterally,
overjet of 1 mm, upper and lower anterior crowding and
crossbite in relation to 12 and 43 and in relation to 22 and
33 and instanding 42.
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
MAA OFFERED SEVERAL
ADVANTAGES:
 • Biomechanically more efficient for torque delivery than
conventional PAE techniques.
 • No need to step down the wire since it generates the labial
force itself.
 • In upper arch, use of MAA in cases of instanding incisors
eliminates the need to reverse the bracket to get a labial
root torque.
 • Eliminates the need to make individual torque bends in
the archwires,
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
 The spring unit is fabricated from a segment of
.016" × .022" beta titanium wire in a squaredU
shape, with two vertical arms connected by a
horizontal segment. The spring is preactivated by
applying torsion to the connecting segment,
forming an angle of 25 - 60° (depending on the
amount of torque needed) between the two
vertical arms.
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
 The GTS is a small torquing spring that may
be placed anywhere on the archwire to move
the roots of the tipped teeth into alignment
 Rectangular wire of 16×22 or 18×25 works
best with the spring in either nitinol or
stainless steel. The spring may also be used
on 18 or 20 square wire
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics
Torque in orthodontics

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Intrusion mechanics
Intrusion mechanics Intrusion mechanics
Intrusion mechanics Tony Pious
 
Loops in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Loops in orthodontics  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Loops in orthodontics  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Loops in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
 
orthodontic bracket prescription 1
orthodontic bracket prescription 1 orthodontic bracket prescription 1
orthodontic bracket prescription 1 Maher Fouda
 
Concepts of orthodontic bracket positioning techniques / fixed orthodontics c...
Concepts of orthodontic bracket positioning techniques / fixed orthodontics c...Concepts of orthodontic bracket positioning techniques / fixed orthodontics c...
Concepts of orthodontic bracket positioning techniques / fixed orthodontics c...Indian dental academy
 
MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...
MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...
MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
 
K- Sir loop /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
K- Sir loop /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy K- Sir loop /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
K- Sir loop /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
 
Molar distalisation in Orthodontics
Molar distalisation in OrthodonticsMolar distalisation in Orthodontics
Molar distalisation in OrthodonticsMiliya Parveen
 
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
 
Traditional begg technique stage 1 and stage 2
Traditional begg technique stage 1 and stage 2Traditional begg technique stage 1 and stage 2
Traditional begg technique stage 1 and stage 2Indian dental academy
 
The Root Torqueing Auxiliaries in Orthodontics
The Root Torqueing Auxiliaries in OrthodonticsThe Root Torqueing Auxiliaries in Orthodontics
The Root Torqueing Auxiliaries in OrthodonticsDr. Arun Bosco Jerald
 

Mais procurados (20)

Intrusion mechanics
Intrusion mechanics Intrusion mechanics
Intrusion mechanics
 
Forsus
ForsusForsus
Forsus
 
Loops in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Loops in orthodontics  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Loops in orthodontics  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Loops in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
 
orthodontic bracket prescription 1
orthodontic bracket prescription 1 orthodontic bracket prescription 1
orthodontic bracket prescription 1
 
preadjusted edgewise appliance
preadjusted edgewise appliancepreadjusted edgewise appliance
preadjusted edgewise appliance
 
Concepts of orthodontic bracket positioning techniques / fixed orthodontics c...
Concepts of orthodontic bracket positioning techniques / fixed orthodontics c...Concepts of orthodontic bracket positioning techniques / fixed orthodontics c...
Concepts of orthodontic bracket positioning techniques / fixed orthodontics c...
 
MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...
MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...
MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...
 
K- Sir loop /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
K- Sir loop /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy K- Sir loop /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
K- Sir loop /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
 
MBT
MBTMBT
MBT
 
18 - versus & 22 - slot
18 - versus & 22 - slot18 - versus & 22 - slot
18 - versus & 22 - slot
 
Fixed functional appliance
Fixed functional applianceFixed functional appliance
Fixed functional appliance
 
Molar distalisation in Orthodontics
Molar distalisation in OrthodonticsMolar distalisation in Orthodontics
Molar distalisation in Orthodontics
 
Opus loop
Opus loopOpus loop
Opus loop
 
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
 
Dental VTO
Dental VTODental VTO
Dental VTO
 
Traditional begg technique stage 1 and stage 2
Traditional begg technique stage 1 and stage 2Traditional begg technique stage 1 and stage 2
Traditional begg technique stage 1 and stage 2
 
Moment to force ratio
Moment to force ratioMoment to force ratio
Moment to force ratio
 
Quad helix seminar
Quad helix seminarQuad helix seminar
Quad helix seminar
 
Arnetts analysis
Arnetts analysisArnetts analysis
Arnetts analysis
 
The Root Torqueing Auxiliaries in Orthodontics
The Root Torqueing Auxiliaries in OrthodonticsThe Root Torqueing Auxiliaries in Orthodontics
The Root Torqueing Auxiliaries in Orthodontics
 

Destaque

Classification of malooclusion
Classification  of  malooclusion Classification  of  malooclusion
Classification of malooclusion Hawa Shoaib
 
Space closure in orthodontics by elastics
Space closure in orthodontics  by elasticsSpace closure in orthodontics  by elastics
Space closure in orthodontics by elasticsHawa Shoaib
 
Bracket Placement .Prof. Maher Fouda
Bracket Placement .Prof. Maher FoudaBracket Placement .Prof. Maher Fouda
Bracket Placement .Prof. Maher FoudaMaher Fouda
 
Class ii div 2 malocclusion
Class ii div 2 malocclusionClass ii div 2 malocclusion
Class ii div 2 malocclusionAhmed Baattiah
 
Malocclusion - Dr. Maher Fouda
Malocclusion - Dr. Maher FoudaMalocclusion - Dr. Maher Fouda
Malocclusion - Dr. Maher FoudaMaher Fouda
 
Six keys of normal occlusion - Dr. Maher Fouda
Six keys of normal occlusion - Dr. Maher FoudaSix keys of normal occlusion - Dr. Maher Fouda
Six keys of normal occlusion - Dr. Maher FoudaMaher Fouda
 
Fenestration and dehiscence
Fenestration and dehiscenceFenestration and dehiscence
Fenestration and dehiscenceAhmed Baattiah
 
Methods of ligation
Methods of ligationMethods of ligation
Methods of ligationMaher Fouda
 
Torque new /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Torque new    /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian   dental academy Torque new    /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian   dental academy
Torque new /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
 
mixed dentition analysis
mixed dentition analysismixed dentition analysis
mixed dentition analysisKumar Adarsh
 
Anterior open bite treatment permanent dentition -1- .slide
Anterior open bite  treatment  permanent dentition -1-  .slideAnterior open bite  treatment  permanent dentition -1-  .slide
Anterior open bite treatment permanent dentition -1- .slideMarwan Mouakeh
 
Modelanalysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Modelanalysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Modelanalysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Modelanalysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
 
Management of Deepbite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Management of Deepbite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Management of Deepbite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Management of Deepbite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
 
Retraction mechanics
Retraction mechanicsRetraction mechanics
Retraction mechanicsTony Pious
 
Management of deep bite (1)
Management of deep bite (1)Management of deep bite (1)
Management of deep bite (1)Aghimien Esther
 
The edentulous state, bucher part 1
The edentulous state, bucher part 1The edentulous state, bucher part 1
The edentulous state, bucher part 1arsalanhosseini
 
Serial extraction and growth changes/prosthodontic courses
Serial extraction and growth changes/prosthodontic coursesSerial extraction and growth changes/prosthodontic courses
Serial extraction and growth changes/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
 
Smile in orthodontics
Smile in orthodonticsSmile in orthodontics
Smile in orthodonticsJicky Rajan
 

Destaque (20)

Classification of malooclusion
Classification  of  malooclusion Classification  of  malooclusion
Classification of malooclusion
 
Space closure in orthodontics by elastics
Space closure in orthodontics  by elasticsSpace closure in orthodontics  by elastics
Space closure in orthodontics by elastics
 
Bracket Placement .Prof. Maher Fouda
Bracket Placement .Prof. Maher FoudaBracket Placement .Prof. Maher Fouda
Bracket Placement .Prof. Maher Fouda
 
Class ii div 2 malocclusion
Class ii div 2 malocclusionClass ii div 2 malocclusion
Class ii div 2 malocclusion
 
Malocclusion - Dr. Maher Fouda
Malocclusion - Dr. Maher FoudaMalocclusion - Dr. Maher Fouda
Malocclusion - Dr. Maher Fouda
 
Six keys of normal occlusion - Dr. Maher Fouda
Six keys of normal occlusion - Dr. Maher FoudaSix keys of normal occlusion - Dr. Maher Fouda
Six keys of normal occlusion - Dr. Maher Fouda
 
Fenestration and dehiscence
Fenestration and dehiscenceFenestration and dehiscence
Fenestration and dehiscence
 
Methods of ligation
Methods of ligationMethods of ligation
Methods of ligation
 
Torque new /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Torque new    /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian   dental academy Torque new    /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian   dental academy
Torque new /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
 
mixed dentition analysis
mixed dentition analysismixed dentition analysis
mixed dentition analysis
 
Anterior open bite treatment permanent dentition -1- .slide
Anterior open bite  treatment  permanent dentition -1-  .slideAnterior open bite  treatment  permanent dentition -1-  .slide
Anterior open bite treatment permanent dentition -1- .slide
 
Modelanalysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Modelanalysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Modelanalysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Modelanalysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
 
Deep bite(1)
Deep bite(1)Deep bite(1)
Deep bite(1)
 
Management of Deepbite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Management of Deepbite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Management of Deepbite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Management of Deepbite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
 
Cephalometrics
CephalometricsCephalometrics
Cephalometrics
 
Retraction mechanics
Retraction mechanicsRetraction mechanics
Retraction mechanics
 
Management of deep bite (1)
Management of deep bite (1)Management of deep bite (1)
Management of deep bite (1)
 
The edentulous state, bucher part 1
The edentulous state, bucher part 1The edentulous state, bucher part 1
The edentulous state, bucher part 1
 
Serial extraction and growth changes/prosthodontic courses
Serial extraction and growth changes/prosthodontic coursesSerial extraction and growth changes/prosthodontic courses
Serial extraction and growth changes/prosthodontic courses
 
Smile in orthodontics
Smile in orthodonticsSmile in orthodontics
Smile in orthodontics
 

Semelhante a Torque in orthodontics

Orthodontic alignment phase of pre-adjusted fixed appliance ...
    Orthodontic alignment phase of pre-adjusted fixed appliance              ...    Orthodontic alignment phase of pre-adjusted fixed appliance              ...
Orthodontic alignment phase of pre-adjusted fixed appliance ...Maher Fouda
 
Torquing in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...
Torquing in orthodontics  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Torquing in orthodontics  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...
Torquing in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
 
orthodontic alignment of teeth part 3
orthodontic alignment  of teeth part 3orthodontic alignment  of teeth part 3
orthodontic alignment of teeth part 3Maher Fouda
 
Torque and its_application /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...
Torque  and its_application  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian  ...Torque  and its_application  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian  ...
Torque and its_application /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
 
selection of preformed archwires during the alignment stage of preadjusted or...
selection of preformed archwires during the alignment stage of preadjusted or...selection of preformed archwires during the alignment stage of preadjusted or...
selection of preformed archwires during the alignment stage of preadjusted or...Maher Fouda
 
leveling and aligning in orthodontics
leveling and aligning in orthodonticsleveling and aligning in orthodontics
leveling and aligning in orthodonticsJasmine Arneja
 
Use of a Tip Edge Stage /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...
Use of a Tip Edge Stage /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Use of a Tip Edge Stage /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...
Use of a Tip Edge Stage /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
 
Roth prescription.ppt
Roth prescription.pptRoth prescription.ppt
Roth prescription.pptsakthivelram3
 
Simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth
Simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teethSimultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth
Simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teethIndian dental academy
 
simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth jco1998.
simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth jco1998.simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth jco1998.
simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth jco1998.Indian dental academy
 
Differential straight arch technique. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...
Differential straight arch technique. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Differential straight arch technique. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...
Differential straight arch technique. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Indian dental academy
 
Torquing auxiliaries
Torquing auxiliariesTorquing auxiliaries
Torquing auxiliariesMohitMakkar16
 

Semelhante a Torque in orthodontics (20)

Torque in orthodontics.docx
Torque in orthodontics.docxTorque in orthodontics.docx
Torque in orthodontics.docx
 
Orthodontic alignment phase of pre-adjusted fixed appliance ...
    Orthodontic alignment phase of pre-adjusted fixed appliance              ...    Orthodontic alignment phase of pre-adjusted fixed appliance              ...
Orthodontic alignment phase of pre-adjusted fixed appliance ...
 
Torquing in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...
Torquing in orthodontics  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Torquing in orthodontics  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...
Torquing in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...
 
mbt01n.pdf
mbt01n.pdfmbt01n.pdf
mbt01n.pdf
 
orthodontic alignment of teeth part 3
orthodontic alignment  of teeth part 3orthodontic alignment  of teeth part 3
orthodontic alignment of teeth part 3
 
Torque and its_application /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...
Torque  and its_application  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian  ...Torque  and its_application  /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian  ...
Torque and its_application /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...
 
Torque and its application
Torque  and its applicationTorque  and its application
Torque and its application
 
selection of preformed archwires during the alignment stage of preadjusted or...
selection of preformed archwires during the alignment stage of preadjusted or...selection of preformed archwires during the alignment stage of preadjusted or...
selection of preformed archwires during the alignment stage of preadjusted or...
 
14 use of a tip edge stage- (2)
14 use of a tip edge stage- (2)14 use of a tip edge stage- (2)
14 use of a tip edge stage- (2)
 
Torque new
Torque newTorque new
Torque new
 
leveling and aligning in orthodontics
leveling and aligning in orthodonticsleveling and aligning in orthodontics
leveling and aligning in orthodontics
 
Use of a Tip Edge Stage /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...
Use of a Tip Edge Stage /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Use of a Tip Edge Stage /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...
Use of a Tip Edge Stage /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...
 
Beggs satge 1&2
Beggs satge 1&2Beggs satge 1&2
Beggs satge 1&2
 
Roth prescription.ppt
Roth prescription.pptRoth prescription.ppt
Roth prescription.ppt
 
Simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth
Simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teethSimultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth
Simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth
 
simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth jco1998.
simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth jco1998.simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth jco1998.
simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth jco1998.
 
Differential straight arch technique. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...
Differential straight arch technique. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Differential straight arch technique. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...
Differential straight arch technique. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...
 
Torquing auxiliaries
Torquing auxiliariesTorquing auxiliaries
Torquing auxiliaries
 
Refined beggs technique
Refined beggs techniqueRefined beggs technique
Refined beggs technique
 
Mbt philosophy siddharth
Mbt philosophy siddharthMbt philosophy siddharth
Mbt philosophy siddharth
 

Mais de Hawa Shoaib

Root resorption and orthodontic treatment
Root  resorption   and  orthodontic   treatmentRoot  resorption   and  orthodontic   treatment
Root resorption and orthodontic treatmentHawa Shoaib
 
Efficiency and Treatment Outcome with Self-Ligating Brackets
Efficiency and Treatment Outcome withSelf-Ligating BracketsEfficiency and Treatment Outcome withSelf-Ligating Brackets
Efficiency and Treatment Outcome with Self-Ligating BracketsHawa Shoaib
 
Achieving Optimal Esthetics with Palatal Mini-Implants: The Benefit Technique
Achieving Optimal Esthetics with Palatal Mini-Implants: The Benefit TechniqueAchieving Optimal Esthetics with Palatal Mini-Implants: The Benefit Technique
Achieving Optimal Esthetics with Palatal Mini-Implants: The Benefit TechniqueHawa Shoaib
 
Transposition tooth corrected by orthodontic
Transposition  tooth corrected by orthodontic  Transposition  tooth corrected by orthodontic
Transposition tooth corrected by orthodontic Hawa Shoaib
 
HOW to measure CBCT BEFORE AND AFTER MID PALATAL SUTURE OPENING
HOW  to  measure   CBCT BEFORE  AND AFTER  MID PALATAL  SUTURE   OPENING HOW  to  measure   CBCT BEFORE  AND AFTER  MID PALATAL  SUTURE   OPENING
HOW to measure CBCT BEFORE AND AFTER MID PALATAL SUTURE OPENING Hawa Shoaib
 
Class II division 1 malocclusion
Class II division 1 malocclusion Class II division 1 malocclusion
Class II division 1 malocclusion Hawa Shoaib
 

Mais de Hawa Shoaib (6)

Root resorption and orthodontic treatment
Root  resorption   and  orthodontic   treatmentRoot  resorption   and  orthodontic   treatment
Root resorption and orthodontic treatment
 
Efficiency and Treatment Outcome with Self-Ligating Brackets
Efficiency and Treatment Outcome withSelf-Ligating BracketsEfficiency and Treatment Outcome withSelf-Ligating Brackets
Efficiency and Treatment Outcome with Self-Ligating Brackets
 
Achieving Optimal Esthetics with Palatal Mini-Implants: The Benefit Technique
Achieving Optimal Esthetics with Palatal Mini-Implants: The Benefit TechniqueAchieving Optimal Esthetics with Palatal Mini-Implants: The Benefit Technique
Achieving Optimal Esthetics with Palatal Mini-Implants: The Benefit Technique
 
Transposition tooth corrected by orthodontic
Transposition  tooth corrected by orthodontic  Transposition  tooth corrected by orthodontic
Transposition tooth corrected by orthodontic
 
HOW to measure CBCT BEFORE AND AFTER MID PALATAL SUTURE OPENING
HOW  to  measure   CBCT BEFORE  AND AFTER  MID PALATAL  SUTURE   OPENING HOW  to  measure   CBCT BEFORE  AND AFTER  MID PALATAL  SUTURE   OPENING
HOW to measure CBCT BEFORE AND AFTER MID PALATAL SUTURE OPENING
 
Class II division 1 malocclusion
Class II division 1 malocclusion Class II division 1 malocclusion
Class II division 1 malocclusion
 

Último

Neutraceuticals, Herb-drug & Herb-food inetractions
Neutraceuticals, Herb-drug & Herb-food inetractionsNeutraceuticals, Herb-drug & Herb-food inetractions
Neutraceuticals, Herb-drug & Herb-food inetractionsPradnya Wadekar
 
SGK BỆNH LÝ GOUT YHN hay lắm nha aaaa.pdf
SGK BỆNH LÝ GOUT YHN hay lắm nha aaaa.pdfSGK BỆNH LÝ GOUT YHN hay lắm nha aaaa.pdf
SGK BỆNH LÝ GOUT YHN hay lắm nha aaaa.pdfHongBiThi1
 
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdf
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdfEMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdf
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdfMayuriGamit2
 
NECROSIS FOR MBBS FIRST YEAR STUDENTS MADE EASY.pptx
NECROSIS FOR MBBS FIRST YEAR STUDENTS MADE EASY.pptxNECROSIS FOR MBBS FIRST YEAR STUDENTS MADE EASY.pptx
NECROSIS FOR MBBS FIRST YEAR STUDENTS MADE EASY.pptxSizan Thapa
 
Derma Pharmaceutical Franchise Company - Solace Biotech Limited
Derma Pharmaceutical Franchise Company - Solace Biotech LimitedDerma Pharmaceutical Franchise Company - Solace Biotech Limited
Derma Pharmaceutical Franchise Company - Solace Biotech LimitedSBL DIGITAL
 
SMA Implementation science seminar (Day 1).pptx
SMA Implementation science seminar (Day 1).pptxSMA Implementation science seminar (Day 1).pptx
SMA Implementation science seminar (Day 1).pptxAbdirahmanWaseem
 
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathology
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathologyExplaining "pathology" in digital pathology
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathologyYves Sucaet
 
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...Genesis Institute of Pharmacy, Radhanagari.
 
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptx
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptxOvarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptx
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptxSizan Thapa
 
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdf
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdfProblems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdf
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdfNetHelix
 
The Art and the Science of UK General Practice A historical review and timeli...
The Art and the Science of UK General Practice A historical review and timeli...The Art and the Science of UK General Practice A historical review and timeli...
The Art and the Science of UK General Practice A historical review and timeli...JakeMatthews12
 
Thyroid hormones- synthesis, secretion, functions and disorders
Thyroid hormones- synthesis, secretion, functions and disordersThyroid hormones- synthesis, secretion, functions and disorders
Thyroid hormones- synthesis, secretion, functions and disordersSai Sailesh Kumar Goothy
 
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)pranavguleria2
 
Range of Secondary Electrons and Electron Build-Up: Impact on Scatter in Homo...
Range of Secondary Electrons and Electron Build-Up: Impact on Scatter in Homo...Range of Secondary Electrons and Electron Build-Up: Impact on Scatter in Homo...
Range of Secondary Electrons and Electron Build-Up: Impact on Scatter in Homo...Dr. Dheeraj Kumar
 
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and catabolism for MBBS, Lab. MEd. BDS.pptx
Cholesterol Biosynthesis  and catabolism for MBBS, Lab. MEd. BDS.pptxCholesterol Biosynthesis  and catabolism for MBBS, Lab. MEd. BDS.pptx
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and catabolism for MBBS, Lab. MEd. BDS.pptxRajendra Dev Bhatt
 
TARGET DELINEATION IN VULVAL CANCER BY DR KANHU
TARGET DELINEATION IN VULVAL CANCER BY DR KANHUTARGET DELINEATION IN VULVAL CANCER BY DR KANHU
TARGET DELINEATION IN VULVAL CANCER BY DR KANHUKanhu Charan
 
Ortho Products Franchise-solace biotech limited
Ortho Products Franchise-solace biotech limitedOrtho Products Franchise-solace biotech limited
Ortho Products Franchise-solace biotech limitedSBL DIGITAL
 
(IDE)and(IVD),QMS,21 CFR part820 , 801)
(IDE)and(IVD),QMS,21 CFR part820  , 801)(IDE)and(IVD),QMS,21 CFR part820  , 801)
(IDE)and(IVD),QMS,21 CFR part820 , 801)chahattyagi200
 
Human Skeletal System_By Anupam Das......
Human Skeletal System_By Anupam Das......Human Skeletal System_By Anupam Das......
Human Skeletal System_By Anupam Das......anupamdas2143
 

Último (20)

Neutraceuticals, Herb-drug & Herb-food inetractions
Neutraceuticals, Herb-drug & Herb-food inetractionsNeutraceuticals, Herb-drug & Herb-food inetractions
Neutraceuticals, Herb-drug & Herb-food inetractions
 
SGK BỆNH LÝ GOUT YHN hay lắm nha aaaa.pdf
SGK BỆNH LÝ GOUT YHN hay lắm nha aaaa.pdfSGK BỆNH LÝ GOUT YHN hay lắm nha aaaa.pdf
SGK BỆNH LÝ GOUT YHN hay lắm nha aaaa.pdf
 
Oral disorders .pptx
Oral disorders .pptxOral disorders .pptx
Oral disorders .pptx
 
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdf
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdfEMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdf
EMBRYOLOGY AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT-mayu.pdf
 
NECROSIS FOR MBBS FIRST YEAR STUDENTS MADE EASY.pptx
NECROSIS FOR MBBS FIRST YEAR STUDENTS MADE EASY.pptxNECROSIS FOR MBBS FIRST YEAR STUDENTS MADE EASY.pptx
NECROSIS FOR MBBS FIRST YEAR STUDENTS MADE EASY.pptx
 
Derma Pharmaceutical Franchise Company - Solace Biotech Limited
Derma Pharmaceutical Franchise Company - Solace Biotech LimitedDerma Pharmaceutical Franchise Company - Solace Biotech Limited
Derma Pharmaceutical Franchise Company - Solace Biotech Limited
 
SMA Implementation science seminar (Day 1).pptx
SMA Implementation science seminar (Day 1).pptxSMA Implementation science seminar (Day 1).pptx
SMA Implementation science seminar (Day 1).pptx
 
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathology
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathologyExplaining "pathology" in digital pathology
Explaining "pathology" in digital pathology
 
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...
HDT Unit 2: Nutraceuticals Global Market Overview And Growth Of Nutraceutical...
 
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptx
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptxOvarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptx
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptx
 
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdf
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdfProblems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdf
Problems associated with the production of recombinant protein.pdf
 
The Art and the Science of UK General Practice A historical review and timeli...
The Art and the Science of UK General Practice A historical review and timeli...The Art and the Science of UK General Practice A historical review and timeli...
The Art and the Science of UK General Practice A historical review and timeli...
 
Thyroid hormones- synthesis, secretion, functions and disorders
Thyroid hormones- synthesis, secretion, functions and disordersThyroid hormones- synthesis, secretion, functions and disorders
Thyroid hormones- synthesis, secretion, functions and disorders
 
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)
Histology of lymph node(lymph node histology)
 
Range of Secondary Electrons and Electron Build-Up: Impact on Scatter in Homo...
Range of Secondary Electrons and Electron Build-Up: Impact on Scatter in Homo...Range of Secondary Electrons and Electron Build-Up: Impact on Scatter in Homo...
Range of Secondary Electrons and Electron Build-Up: Impact on Scatter in Homo...
 
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and catabolism for MBBS, Lab. MEd. BDS.pptx
Cholesterol Biosynthesis  and catabolism for MBBS, Lab. MEd. BDS.pptxCholesterol Biosynthesis  and catabolism for MBBS, Lab. MEd. BDS.pptx
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and catabolism for MBBS, Lab. MEd. BDS.pptx
 
TARGET DELINEATION IN VULVAL CANCER BY DR KANHU
TARGET DELINEATION IN VULVAL CANCER BY DR KANHUTARGET DELINEATION IN VULVAL CANCER BY DR KANHU
TARGET DELINEATION IN VULVAL CANCER BY DR KANHU
 
Ortho Products Franchise-solace biotech limited
Ortho Products Franchise-solace biotech limitedOrtho Products Franchise-solace biotech limited
Ortho Products Franchise-solace biotech limited
 
(IDE)and(IVD),QMS,21 CFR part820 , 801)
(IDE)and(IVD),QMS,21 CFR part820  , 801)(IDE)and(IVD),QMS,21 CFR part820  , 801)
(IDE)and(IVD),QMS,21 CFR part820 , 801)
 
Human Skeletal System_By Anupam Das......
Human Skeletal System_By Anupam Das......Human Skeletal System_By Anupam Das......
Human Skeletal System_By Anupam Das......
 

Torque in orthodontics

  • 2. Supervisor Dr Maher Fouda Prepared by Hawa Shoaib
  • 3. TORQUE 1. Torque is a force system. It is produced by torsion in an arch wire that creates a couple when interacted with a bracket slot, which is the result of twist in the wire compared to the bracket slot. 2. Torque is not “in the wire”. Torque is not the angle of the bracket slot. Torque is not the axial inclination of the tooth.
  • 5.  3. Torque applied to a tooth created by torsion in the arch wire against the bracket slot spins the tooth around its center of resistance. In orthodontics mechanics, 3rd order twist in the arch wire only produces a couple (torque).
  • 8. 4. A wire twisted to produce lingual ROOT torque to the maxillary incisors will also extrude the maxillary incisors
  • 10.  5. A wire twisted to produce labial root torque to the maxillary incisor will also intrude the maxillary incisors.
  • 11. Mechanically, it refers to the twisting of a structure about its longitudinal axis, resulting in an angle of twist. Torque is a shear-based moment that causes rotation. Clinically, in orthodontics, it represents the buccopalatal crown/root inclination of a tooth.. Angle Orthodontist, Vol 80, No 1, 2010
  • 14. ANGLE ORTHODONTIST, VOL 82, NO 4, 2012  In orthodontic treatment, torque control is often required, particularly in the maxillary incisors, for an ideal inter incisal angle, adequate incisor contact, and sagittal adjustment of the dentition in order to achieve an ideal occlusion.
  • 17. BIOMECHANICS OF TORQUE  1 .Torque or root movement is achieved by keeping the crowns stationary and applying a moment to force only to the root..  2 .The center of rotation of a tooth is at the incisal edge in case of root movement..
  • 19.  3. The M/F ratio should at least be 12: 1 to achieve root movement  4 .According to Dr. Ravindra Nanda :  M/F ratio of 5:1 causes uncontrolled tipping  M/F ratio of 7:1 causes controlled tipping  M/F ratio of 10:1 causes translation  M/F ratio of 12:1 causes ROOT MOVEMENT
  • 22.  PROFFIT has stated the simplest way to determine how a tooth will move is to consider the ratio between moment created when force is applied to crown (Mf) and counterbalancing moment generated by a couple within the bracket (MC)
  • 24. The ratio between the moment produced by the force applied to move a tooth (MF) and the counterbalancing moment produced by the couple used to control root position (MC) determines the type of tooth movement. With no MC, (MC/MF = 0), the tooth rotates around the center of resistance (pure tipping). As the moment-to-force ratio increases (0 < MC/MF < 1), the center of rotation is displaced further and further away from the center of resistance, producing what is called controlled tipping. When MC/MF = 1, the center of rotation is displaced to infinity and bodily movement (translation) occurs. If MC/MF > 1, the center of rotation is displaced incisally and the root apex will move more than the crown, producing root torque.
  • 25. ANGLE ORTHODONTIST, VOL 85, NO 2, 2015  torque expression is affected by the amount of play between the arch wire and the bracket slot and by variations in tooth anatomy, variations in bracket placement, inaccuracies in the bracket slot and arch wire dimensions ,mode of ligation of an arch wire, and stiffness of the arch wire  The MBT and Roth bracket prescriptions are the two commonly used preadjusted edgewise appliance systems in the United Kingdom..
  • 27. ANGLE ORTHODONTIST, VOL 85, NO 2, 2015 There is no difference in the final inclinations of the upper central incisor, lower central incisor, and upper canine in patients treated with either the MBT or Roth prescription preadjusted edgewise appliances.
  • 30. TORQUE EXPRESSION 0.018 VS 0.020 SLOT
  • 36. THE MBT™ VERSATILE+ APPLIANCE SYSTEM  Inadequate torque expressed in the anterior teeth can result in torque loss in the upper incisors during over jet reduction or space closure and proclination of the lower incisors when leveling the Curve of Spee or treating for crowding in the lower arch.
  • 38. The MBT™ Versatile+ Appliance System offers greater palatal root torque in the upper incisor area and greater labial root torque in the lower incisors. For increased versatility, two options are available for the upper central incisors: +17° or +22°, depending on the clinical need.
  • 43. CLASS || MALOCCLUSION AND TORQUE
  • 45. CASE REPORT 1 An 11-year-old girl had crooked and proclined front teeth. She had a convex profile and a deep mentolabial fold. mandible was retrognathic. Severe proclined maxillary incisors were obvious in photographs that showed her smiling
  • 46. Intraoral photographs indicated a half-cusp Class II canine relationship on the left and a one- cusp Class II canine relationship on the right, with a deep overbite and a 10-mm overjet. Extraction was indicated because of the proclined maxillary anterior teeth and 3-mm crowding in the maxillary arch and the excessive curve of Spee and 2-mm crowding the mandibular arch
  • 47. Initially we used Australian 0.016-inch wire with multiple helical vertical loops among maxillary anterior teeth and circle loops flush mesial to the canines, so that the resolution of anterior crowding and distalization of the canines could be realized simultaneously. During this stage Class II elastics, between mandibular first molars and the vertical loops distal to the lateral incisors, were used with light force, around 2 oz The flush circle bend then pushed the canine distally
  • 48.  High-torque brackets were used in the maxillary arch (22-degree torque for the maxillary central incisors) because the maxillary incisors were prone to retroclination during retraction.  Low-torque brackets were chosen for the mandibular arch (–6-degree torque for the mandibular incisors) because the negative torque prescription in the mandibular incisors could counteract the side effect of anterior proclination caused by Class II elastics.
  • 53. TORQUE CONTROL IN VARIOUS TREATMENT STEPS  1 .LEVELING AND ALIGNING
  • 54.  2 .SPACE CLOSURE AND TORQUE
  • 55. BITE OPENING CURVES AND TORGUE
  • 57. SPEE CURVE LEVELING WITH REVERSE CURVES  When we use reverse curves to level a deep curve of Spee, we find that the intrusive forces exercised in the anterior and posterior sectors are balanced with the extrusive forces that are exercised in the premolar region. Another effect is that the intrusive forces are going to provoke at the molar level a positive torque and a distal inclination of the crowns and a mesial movement of their roots; on the other hand the intrusive forces exercised at the incisor level will provoke a buccal movement of these (positive torque).
  • 64. TORQUE ( CLEARANCE) CLEARANCE is the amount of play between the bracket and arch wire which depends on the size of the arch wire.
  • 66. For example, a 0.017-inch × 0.025-inch stainless steel arch wire has approximately 12 to 14 degrees of play in a 0.022-inch slot, assuming that the wire is completely passive when retraction starts, while a 0.016-inch × 0.022-inch stainless steel arch wire has 16 to 18 degrees of play . Then will show greater amounts of tipping and a prolonged phase I and phase II of retraction compared to the former. A clinician should judiciously select the arch wire for space closure.
  • 67. So if the anterior teeth are flared at the beginning, more tipping is required; hence a thicker wire will be of limited use, as the effective play will be less. If instead the teeth are upright and there is a need for more control on the incisors, a thicker wire should be the choice..
  • 68. INTRUSION AND TORQUE CONTROL UTILITY ARCH OR CTA The utility arch is similar in design to the CTA.  It is stepped down at the molars, passes through the buccal vestibule, and is stepped up at the incisors to avoid distortion from occlusal forces. The difference is that for intrusion the utility arch is tied into the incisor brackets, which create a two-couple force system the moment of which tends to tip the incisor crowns facially and the molar distally
  • 70.  the facial tipping of incisors can be avoided by cinching or tying back the intrusion utility arch, any force that tends to bring the anchor teeth mesially is undesirable. Incorporating a “twist” or “torque bend” in the incisor segment is another way of controlling the tendency of the teeth to tip facially;
  • 71. Another problem is that, unlike the CTA, this being a two- couple system means that it is impossible to accurately determine the magnitude of the reactive forces (statically indeterminate), which makes it rather impossible to adjust the arch wire to prevent side effects. Therefore in our clinical practice we prefer to use the CTA. Also, considerable chair time is saved as the CTA involves no wire bending and needs minimal adjustment So CTA IS BETTER FOR CONTROL OF TORQUE
  • 75. a ‘‘bi dimensional-slot’’ technique. In the bidimensional slot technique, the pre torqued 0.018- inch brackets are placed on the incisors, while the 0.022-inch brackets are placed on other teeth. When a 0.018 / 0.022-inch SS arch wire is engaged, it ‘‘full-sizedly’’ fits into the anterior brackets, but leaves a clearance of 0.004 inch within the buccal brackets.
  • 76. The theories of the bi dimensional approach—that the full-size engagement at the anterior segment can give the utmost play to the pre torque in these brackets, while the clearance at the buccal segments can facilitate the wire sliding in space closure— probably make sense.
  • 87.  1 .The active self-ligating brackets seem to have better torque control, a direct result of their active clip forcing the wire into the bracket slot.  2. The amount of arch wire bracket slop was considerably less for active self-ligating brackets than passive self-ligating brackets.
  • 88.  3. The active self-ligating brackets expressed higher torque values than the passive self-ligating brackets at clinically usable torsion angles (0°- 35°)..
  • 89.  Application of a second-order couple through a bracket to a longitudinally twisted arch wire will set up a small third- order couple. This couple will have a restraining effect on the third-order wire- bracket interaction.
  • 90. CASE REPORT 2 Anterior labial root torque  When upper anterior teeth, particularly lateral incisors, are in cross bite, they often need labial root torque. Normally positioned lateral incisor brackets, due to the torque built into those brackets, encourage the expression of lingual root torque. In cases where labial root torque is desired, the laterals never look quite right when normal torque expression occurs. My answer to this problem is to place the lateral incisor brackets on upside down. Flipping the brackets changes the torque expression from predominately lingual root torque to predominately labial root torque when rectangular wire is used.
  • 92. THE PROCEDURE TO ENCOURAGE LABIAL ROOT TORQUE IS AS FOLLOWS:  1) Create space in the arch form for the blocked out lateral incisor. This can be done on the initial arch wire by packing open coil spring between the central and canine in non-extraction cases, or by using a combination of coils and/or lacebacks in extraction cases . use a slightly larger (about 2mm) piece of coil each month until enough space in the arch form is created to accommodate the blocked out tooth.
  • 95.  2) Once sufficient space is created, bracket the blocked out tooth (in our example, the upper lateral incisor). Place the bracket on upside down and engage the tooth. A light flexible arch wire must be used because that wire must be deflected a significant amount to engage the tooth. Often, as in the case shown here, a tandem arch wire set up is used.
  • 96.  3) This set-up will result in labial movement of the crown. Because round wire is being used, no torque expression occurs as a result of torque in the bracket slot. At this stage of treatment it doesn't matter what the torque in the bracket slot is. Once the crossbite is corrected, remove the composite from the occlusal surface of the lower molars. The overbite will help retain the labial crown movement.
  • 97.  4)Once initial aligning is complete, begin torque expression by using a low load deflection rectangular arch wire. I often use 019x025 heat activated nickel titanium (HANT) followed by 021x025 HANT. Filling the slot encourages the expression of torque. The upside down bracket means the torque in the bracket slot encourages labial root/lingual crown torque. Because of anterior overbite, occlusion helps the crown retain its position while labial root torque occurs. Usually about 10 weeks of 021x025 HANT is necessary to achieve full torque expression. Leave the bracket on upside down for the whole treatment. That way correct torque expression is encouraged throughout the whole treatment.
  • 100. Periodontal Ligament Hydrostatic Pressure with Areas of Root Resorption after Application of a Continuous Torque Moment Angle Orthodontist, Vol 77, No 4, 2007
  • 101.  Resorption lacunae (arrows) are visible on the lingual sides of the lingual (LR) and buccal (BR) root parts.  application of a torque of 6 N mm, the root resorption was greater than for the teeth that received 3 N mm of torque in the in vivo experiments.
  • 104.  Good control in the retraction of anterior teeth during space closure is essential for successful orthodontic treatment. The incorporation of hooks in the retraction arch allows one to adjust the height of the line of action of the force by means of different lengths of soldered hooks..
  • 111.  The group with the 6 mm hook presented better results probably due to the fact that the system produced more bodily movement (translation) than palatal inclination, however the greater difficulty in moving the root in the distal direction simultaneously to the crown, probably requires a longer retraction time, or greater force application..
  • 112.  » Arches with vertical 6 mm high soldered hooks allowed approximation of the line of action of force to the center of resistance of the incisors, providing better mechanical control.  » Association of palatal torque on the retraction arches of anterior teeth is suggested to increase vertical control and diminish the palatal inclination of the incisors during the movement of retraction.
  • 113. THE MOST COMMON SITUATIONS AND RECOMMENDED BRACKET PRESCRIPTIONS INCLUDE 1-Upper incisors Negative bracket torque prescription (If they become available  A) advancement of upper crowding in non-extraction cases  B) open bite prevention  C) advancement of upper incisors in non-extraction cases needing Cl III elastics
  • 114. Positive bracket torque prescription ;  A) non-extraction cases where the upper incisor start out being retroclined  B) Class II cases where the upper arch is extracting and the upper incisor will be retracted  C) Cases where there are gingival display concerns
  • 115.  2-Lower Incisors Negative bracket torque prescription  A) advancement of lower crowding in non-extraction cases  B) advancement of lower incisors in non-extraction cases needing Class II elastics  C) Class III non-extraction cases to minimize the lower incisor advancement
  • 116. Positive bracket torque prescription  A) Class I cases where lower bicuspids are extracted to add lower anterior anchorage  B) Class II cases where lower bicuspids are extracted to add lower anterior anchorage
  • 117.  Non-extraction Class II cases planning to use Class II elastic mechanics also could benefit from using Negative torque prescription to prevent excessive proclination lower incisors. This can result in more stability and a better periodontal prognosis.
  • 118.  Torque is affected only when 2 edges of rectangular wire touch the walls of the bracket slot. But there cannot be excessive binding such that arch wires are not permitted to move easily for alignment and to allow sliding mechanics(Andrews, 1972)
  • 119.  This is a central dilemma of bracket design: friction is the enemy of some tooth movements such as alignment and sliding mechanics while it is our best friend for other tooth movements like application of torque.
  • 120. To balance this dilemma manufactures machine up to 20 degrees of wire spin when .019”x.025”ss wire is engaged into a .022” slot bracket and 6 degrees on a .021”x.025”ss wire. (Archambault, et al., 2010)
  • 123. Light wire auxiliaries with pre- adjusted edgewise appliance to control individual incisor torque
  • 124. the torque spurs have been used to torque the incisor roots as required but they have inherent disadvantages such as excessive torque expression and lingual displacement of the tooth if the attachment to main archwire breaks. Looped torque auxiliaries have been used for progressive torquing of the incisor roots..
  • 125. These auxiliaries deliver light, continuous forces without reactivation and produce little, if any, patient discomfort. Despite their advantages,, some orthodontists refrain from using them because of esthetic and hygienic concerns.
  • 126. The MAA is constructed in a circular shape, when the MAA is pulled open and tied to the lower incisor bracket using a ligature wire a couple is generated with the incisal part of the box applying a lingual force on the tooth and gingival part of the box applying a labial force.
  • 128. An 18-year-old female ..chief complaint of irregularly placed upper front teeth. The initial clinical examination revealed the following extra oral features: mesocephalic, mesofacial, mild convex profile with mild posterior divergence and competent lips . Intraoral examination revealed Class I molar relation bilaterally, overjet of 1 mm, upper and lower anterior crowding and crossbite in relation to 12 and 43 and in relation to 22 and 33 and instanding 42.
  • 137. MAA OFFERED SEVERAL ADVANTAGES:  • Biomechanically more efficient for torque delivery than conventional PAE techniques.  • No need to step down the wire since it generates the labial force itself.  • In upper arch, use of MAA in cases of instanding incisors eliminates the need to reverse the bracket to get a labial root torque.  • Eliminates the need to make individual torque bends in the archwires,
  • 143.  The spring unit is fabricated from a segment of .016" × .022" beta titanium wire in a squaredU shape, with two vertical arms connected by a horizontal segment. The spring is preactivated by applying torsion to the connecting segment, forming an angle of 25 - 60° (depending on the amount of torque needed) between the two vertical arms.
  • 147.  The GTS is a small torquing spring that may be placed anywhere on the archwire to move the roots of the tipped teeth into alignment
  • 148.  Rectangular wire of 16×22 or 18×25 works best with the spring in either nitinol or stainless steel. The spring may also be used on 18 or 20 square wire