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Automobile Basics

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Component’s Names Basic Mechanical Wheel & Tire Engine Characteristics Electrical Air condition

Indústria automotiva
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GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES Basic Automobile Knowledge 2013
09/05 Basic automobile, history, petrol vs diesel vs hybrid vs Electrical 10/05 Basic parts of vehicle, engine, chassis, power train, body 11/05 ignition, lubrication cooling, fuel, starting, charging, exhaust 12/05 Tire, axle, steering, brake, abs 15/05 , Ebd, front drive, rear drive 4x4 drive, disc, drum 16/05 , Adas 17/05 , Car accessories 18/05 , Scan, emission Noms, BS standard 19/05 , EV 22/05 , Auto electrical and A/C 23/05 , Convocation and general calss
3 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Contents Basic Mechanical ‫المكانيك‬ ‫اسس‬ Component’s Names ‫االجزاء‬ ‫مسميات‬ Wheel & Tire ‫واإلطارات‬ ‫الجنوط‬ Engine Characteristics ‫المكينة‬ ‫خصائص‬ Electrical ‫كهربائي‬ Air condition ‫الهواء‬ ‫مكيف‬
4 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Component’s Names ‫االجزاء‬ ‫مسميات‬
5 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫سقف‬ Roof ‫السيارة‬ ‫صندوق‬ ‫إسطبات‬ ‫الخلفي‬ ‫رفرف‬ ‫زجاج‬ ‫مقبض‬ ‫ال‬ ‫باب‬ ‫باب‬ ‫مرآة‬ ‫الجانبية‬ ‫كفر‬ ‫رفرف‬ ‫امامي‬ Front spoiler ‫الصدام‬ ‫لحية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫الجانبية‬ ‫شارات‬ ‫معدنية‬ ‫لوحة‬ ‫الصدمات‬ ‫األمامية‬ ‫المصابيح‬ ‫الرديتر‬ ‫شبكة‬ ‫كبوت‬ ‫ال‬ ‫مساحة‬ ‫سقف‬ ‫فتحة‬ ‫سقف‬ ‫كفر‬ ‫طاسة‬ ‫قائم‬ ‫امامي‬ ‫الخلفي‬ ‫زجاج‬ ‫ركن‬ ‫وسطي‬ ‫قائم‬ ‫مرآة‬ ‫الجانبية‬ ‫امامي‬ ‫زجاج‬ ‫مثلث‬
6 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫السيارة‬ ‫صندوق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ضوء‬ ‫لخلفي‬ ‫االحتياطي‬ ‫اإلطار‬ ‫سيارة‬ ‫اإلطار‬ ‫بكس‬ ‫جير‬ ‫شكمان‬ ‫الكردان‬ ‫عمود‬ ‫فلتر‬ ‫الزيت‬ ‫الدينامو‬ ‫ال‬ ‫رديتر‬ ‫مبينة‬ ‫بطارية‬ ‫هواء‬ ‫فلتر‬ ‫علبة‬ ‫مساحة‬ Steering ‫الدركسون‬ ‫عجلة‬ ‫ال‬ ‫مساحة‬ ‫كرسي‬ ‫الخلفية‬ ‫الرؤية‬ ‫مرآة‬ ‫قرص‬ ‫الفرامل‬ ‫باب‬ ‫زيق‬ ‫جانبي‬ ‫االمامي‬ ‫الزجاج‬ ‫زيق‬ ‫علبة‬ reservoir Propeller sh
7 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫فرامل‬ ‫قرص‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫ذراع‬ ‫السفلي‬ ‫االمامي‬ ‫المكينة‬ ‫حامل‬ ‫مكينة‬ ‫كرسي‬
8 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫الخلفية‬ ‫الرؤية‬ ‫مرآة‬ ‫مرآة‬ ‫والعة‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫فتحة‬ ‫المكيف‬ ‫الهواء‬ ‫التابلوه‬ ‫صندوق‬ ‫التابلوه‬ ‫صندوق‬ ‫مسجل‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫دعسة‬ ‫دعسة‬ ‫الفرامل‬ ‫الدركسون‬ ‫عمود‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زراع‬ ‫شارات‬ ‫مساحات‬ ‫زراع‬ ‫العدادات‬ ‫لوحة‬ ‫شماسة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫في‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫لتدفيئة‬
9 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 1. Head lamp 2. Radiator grill 3. Engine hood 4. Front window 5. Wipers 6. Out Side Rear view mirror 7. Door Outside Handles 8. Side Protection moldings 9. Fenders 10. Disc Wheels 11. Side turn signals 12. Clearance lamps 13. Fog lamp ‫ضباب‬ 14. Bumpers 15. Front spoiler
10 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 16. Pillars 17. Garnish 18. Rear window glass 19. Rear combination lamp 20. Muffler and tail pipe 21. License plate lamp 22. Rear spoiler 23. Trunk lid 24. Mud guards 25. Fuel lid
11 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 16. ‫السيارة‬ ‫قوائم‬ 17. ‫قوائم‬ ‫جانبي‬ 18. ‫الخلفية‬ ‫زجاج‬ 19. ‫الخلفية‬ ‫المصابيح‬ ‫مجموعة‬ 20. ‫كنداسة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الذيل‬ ‫ماسورة‬ 21. ‫لمبة‬ ‫معدنية‬ ‫لوحة‬ 22. ‫الشندة‬ ‫سبويلر‬ 23. ‫السيارة‬ ‫صندوق‬ 24. ‫واقية‬ ‫من‬ ‫الطين‬ 25. ‫غطاء‬ ‫خزان‬ ‫الوقود‬
12 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 14. Trim 15. Door inside handle 16. Window regulator handle 17. Inside rear view mirror 18. Sun visor 19. Console Box 20. Trunk opener 21. Fuel lid opener 22. Rear Package Tray
13 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 14. ‫زيق‬ 15. ‫داخلي‬ ‫باب‬ ‫مقبض‬ 16. ‫الزجاج‬ ‫رافعة‬ 17. ‫الخلفية‬ ‫الرؤية‬ ‫مرآة‬ 18. ‫الشماسة‬ 19. ‫حاوي‬ ‫صندوق‬ 20. ‫ال‬ ‫فتحة‬ ‫صندوق‬ 21. ‫فتحة‬ ‫الوقود‬ ‫غطاء‬ 22. ‫الخلفي‬ ‫تحزين‬ ‫مكان‬
14 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Basic Mechanical ‫المكانيك‬ ‫اسس‬
15 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
16 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
17 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ENGINE
18 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ENGINE ENGINE IS THE POWER PLANT OF THE AUTOMOBILE  IT GENERATES MOTIVE POWER FOR LOCOMOTION  IT CONVERTS CHEMICAL ENERGY OF THE FUEL TO MECHANICAL ENERGY  ENGINE DEVELOPS POWER & TORQUE TORQUE : - Is the capacity to do work. Measured in Kg-m , N-m , Lb-ft POWER : - How fast the work can be done Measured in - Horse Power, Kilo watt ‫عزم‬ ‫طاقة‬
19 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ENGINE Click Power ‫السحب‬ ‫اإلنضغاط‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫التفريغ‬ 4 ‫شوط‬ T D C B D C
20 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 20 Turbo BDC TDC TDC BDC Exhaust Valve Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve Valve lift Intake Valve TDC suction Crank angle
21 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 21 EGR lift Brake lift suction Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Crank angle Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve
22 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 22 Compression Crank angle Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve
23 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 23 Combustion Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve Crank angle
24 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 24 Expansion Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve Crank angle Turbo
25 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 25 Exhaust Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve Crank angle
26 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 26 Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Exhaust Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve Crank angle
27 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY CLUTCH
28 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY CLUTCH  CLUTCH IS THE CRUCIAL LINK BETWEEN THE POWER PLANT (ENGINE) AND THE DRIVELINE  THE PURPOSE OF THE CLUTCH IS TO LINK OR DELINK (ENGAGE OR DIS-ENGAGE) THE ENGINE FROM THE DRIVELINE, AS DESIRED BY THE DRIVER  IT IS ALSO MAKING STARTING SMOOTH, MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO STOP THE VEHICLE WITHOUT STALLING AND MAKES ENGINE OPERATION EASIER COMPONENTS OF CLUCH •CLUTCH MASTER CYLINDER • CLUTCH SLAVE CYLINDER • RELEASER BEARING • CLUTCH PRESSURE PLATE • CLUTCH DRIVEN PLATE
29 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
30 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
31 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
32 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY The torque converter is a coupling between the engine and transmission of the vehicle. The purpose is to allow the vehicle to come to a stop, with the engine running. From this perspective, it acts much like an automatic clutch. TORQUE CONVERTER ‫تنجره‬
33 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Torque converters work by transferring power, through fluid motion. An easy way to understand might be to consider two desk fans. One connected to power and turned on, the other unplugged. Motion of air, coming from the running fan, can make the blades in the non-running fan turn. A torque converter works similarly. Internal blades, attached to the converter housing and bolted to the engine flywheel, move transmission fluid. The motion of this fluid causes other blades, attached to the transmission, to turn. This drives the vehicle and at idle, allows the engine to run with the vehicle not moving.
34 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Structure of Torque converter ◆The flow of the fluid in Torque converter 1. Pump impeller 2. Turbine runner 3. Stator 4. Lockup damper 5. One way clutch 6. Converter front cover 7. Lockup piston Stator Pump impeller Turbine runner Flow of fluid Click
35 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION
36 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY OR CAUSING THE VEHICLE TO REVERSE
37 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Click
38 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY GEAR RATIO 30 39 19 44 4.583 42 20 23 37 28 32 37 34 ‫الجير‬ ‫نسبة‬
39 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Basic structure of Automatic transmission Gear mechanism ２ Control system ３ １ Torque converter Input Output AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
40 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ①Torque converter The torque converter is composed of three types of impellers: the pump impeller coupled with the output shaft of the engine, the turbine runner coupled with the input shaft of the transmission, and the stator fixed to the case; the inside of the converter is filled with oil. The function of the torque converter is to use this oil for transmitting the driving power from the engine to the transmission with effective torque conversion, which is done automatically and sleeplessly ②Transmission mechanism Because the drive force is transmitted by the torque converter only, it cannot function as a an efficient power transmission device; for this reason, a gearbox has been added to the output shaft of the torque converter. ③Control system The control system operates the hydraulic multi-disk clutch and the brakes according to the driving conditions, and together with gear shifting by the planetary gear set, it sends oil to the torque converter, lubricates the various transmission parts, etc. AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
41 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Click AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION Planetary gear system ‫جير‬ ‫بالنتري‬ ‫جير‬ ‫سن‬ ‫جير‬ ‫ستار‬ ‫جير‬ ‫رينج‬ Ring = 42 Star = 12 Sun = 18 ‫كوكبي‬ ‫جير‬
42 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Gear ratio Clutch No.2 Clutch No.3 Brake No.2 BrakeNo.2 One way Clutch No.1 Input shaft and Middle planetary shaft are connected Middle planetary gear rotation is lock Middle & Rear planetary ring gear are rotation is lock Left rotation of Middle planetary carrier to case is locked Component & Operation Component & Operation condition 【１】 Structure AT
43 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 【２】 Operation 〔１〕 1st （Ｄ range･ L-3 range） 〔2〕 2nd （Ｄ range・L - 3 range） AT
44 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 〔4〕 4th （Ｄ range・4 range） 〔3〕 3rd （Ｄ range・Ｌ- ３ range） AT
45 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY AT
46 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 〔7〕 Ｒ （Ｒ range） AT
47 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫السرعة‬ ‫متغير‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫ناقل‬ Continuously variable transmission ‫وخالفا‬ ‫للناقل‬ ‫الحركة‬ ‫األوتوماتيكي‬ ‫والذى‬ ‫لديه‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النسب‬ ‫الترسية‬ ، ‫والسيارات‬ ‫مع‬ CVT ‫استخدام‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫وحزام‬ ‫لتقديم‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫محدودة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النسب‬ ‫والعتاد‬ . ‫السيارات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫متغير‬ ‫باستمرار‬ ‫االستفادة‬ ‫من‬ ‫البكرات‬ ‫واألحزمة‬ ‫لتوفير‬ ‫العتاد‬ ‫نسب‬ ‫متفاوتة‬ . ‫هذا‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫يتكون‬ ‫من‬ ‫ز‬ ‫وج‬ ‫من‬ ‫متغير‬ ‫البكرات‬ ‫قطر‬ . ‫في‬ ‫حين‬ ‫أن‬ ‫مساهمة‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫متص‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إلى‬ ،‫محرك‬ ‫ويتم‬ ‫توصيل‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫خرج‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫العجالت‬ ‫بالسيارة‬ . ‫حز‬ ‫ام‬ ‫معدني‬ ‫يمتد‬ ‫بين‬ ‫البكرات‬ ‫اثنين‬ . ‫عندما‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫نصفي‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫قر‬ ‫با‬ ‫من‬ ‫بعضها‬ ،‫البعض‬ ‫وحزام‬ ‫من‬ ‫المعدن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫سلسلة‬ ‫يذهب‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫على‬ ‫بك‬ ‫رة‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫القطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫بكرة‬ . ‫هذا‬ ‫هو‬ ‫التغيير‬ ‫في‬ ‫القطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫ب‬ ‫كرة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يحقق‬ ‫نسب‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫متنوعة‬ . ‫ويمكن‬ ‫تحقيق‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫منخفضة‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ندما‬ ‫القطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫مدخالت‬ ‫أصغر‬ ‫من‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫االنتاج‬ . ،‫وهكذا‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫التغ‬ ‫يير‬ ‫في‬ ‫قطر‬ ‫البكرات‬ ‫تلعب‬ ‫دورا‬ ‫كبيرا‬ ‫في‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫من‬ ‫سرع‬ ‫ة‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫السيارة‬ . ‫وخالفا‬ ‫لالنتقال‬ ‫التقليدية‬ ‫التي‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ف‬ ‫يها‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫التغيرات‬ ‫في‬ ‫مراحل‬ ‫عند‬ ‫تحويل‬ ،‫التروس‬ ‫والتغييرات‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ندما‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫في‬ ‫ما‬ ‫يقود‬ ‫السيارة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫نظام‬ CVT.
48 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Unlike the automatic transmission which has a set number of gear ratios, and cars with CVT use a pulley and belt system to provide an unlimited range of gear ratios. Cars with continuously variable transmission system to take advantage of pulleys and belts to provide varying gear ratios. This system consists of a pair of variable diameter pulleys. While the contribution of one reel is connected to the engine, and the reel is connected output to the drive wheels. Metal belt running between two pulleys. When pulley halves closer to each other, and a belt of metal or chain goes higher on the reel and thus increase the diameter of the reel. This is the change in the diameter of the reel to achieve a variety of transfer rates. The ratio can be achieved when the diameter of the low input pulley smaller reel production. Thus, the change in the diameter pulleys play a major role in changing the ratio of engine speed to vehicle speed. Unlike traditional transmission where the ratio of changes in stages when converting the gears, and the percentage changes when continuously driving the car with the CVT system.
49 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
50 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIFFERENTIAL  The differential on a front wheel drive car is not a separate component, but is part of (inside) the transaxle. On a rear wheel drive car, the transmission and differential (drive axle) are separate, and connected together via a driveshaft. The purpose of a differential is to allow the two driven wheels to turn at different speeds. As the car goes around a corner, the outside wheel travels further than the inside wheel, and thus must turn more revolutions. If the two wheels were solidly connected together, one tire would skid any time the car was not travelling in a straight line.
51 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
52 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
53 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Click Ring gear Sun gears planet gears Click
54 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE SHAFTS
55 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DRIVE SHAFTS  In front wheel drive vehicles, the drive shafts transfer the drive directly from the differential to the front wheels. A short inner stub shaft is splined to the differential side gear and an outer stub shaft is splined to the front wheel hub. Each stub shaft has a yoke, or housing, to accommodate a CV JOINT, at each end of a connecting intermediate shaft. CV JOINT let the shaft keep rotating while allowing for changes due to suspension movement - such as shaft length and horizontal angle, and shaft angle as the steering turns
56 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DRIVE SHAFT WITH CV Constant velocity joint with boot, attachment parts and grease . CV JOINT. Click
57 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIFFERENTIAL STEERING
58 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY STEERING The basic aim of steering is to ensure that the wheels are pointing in the desired directions. This is typically achieved by a series of linkages, rods, pivots and gears One of the fundamental concepts is that of caster angle - each wheel is steered with a pivot point ahead of the wheel; this makes the steering tend to be self-centering towards the direction of travel.
59 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY An example of a chopper with raked forks at an extreme caster angle. CASTER ANGLE : - Caster angle[1] or castor angle[2] is the angular displacement from the vertical axis of the suspension of a steered wheel in a car. Measured in Degrees STEERING
60 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫كاستر‬ ‫كامبر‬ ‫تو‬ - ‫إن‬ Caster Camber
61 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY STEERING
62 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension systems serve a dual purpose — contributing to the vehicle's road holding/handling and braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps, and vibrations, etc SUSPENSION
63 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY SUSPENSION
64 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY A vehicle brake is a brake used to slow down a vehicle by converting its kinetic energy into heat. The basic hydraulic system, most commonly used, usually has six main stages. The brake pedal, the brake boost (vacuum servo), the master cylinder, the apportioning valves and finally the roadwheel brakes themselves. A drum brake is a brake in which the friction is caused by a set of brake shoes that press against the inner surface of a rotating drum. The drum is connected to the rotating roadwheel hub. The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a road wheel. A brake disc (or rotor in U.S. English), usually made of cast iron or ceramic, is connected to the wheel or the axle. To stop the wheel, friction material in the form of brake pads (mounted in a device called a brake caliper) is forced mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electromagnetically against both sides of the disc. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. BRAKES
65 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BRAKES
66 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BRAKE 4. OPERATION EXPLANATION – Brake booster Click
67 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Piston Cylinder Piston Seal Caliper Brake Pad BRAKE 4. OPERATION EXPLANATION – Disc brake
68 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY WHEEL & TIRE ‫واإلطارات‬ ‫الجنوط‬
69 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 3-4 TIRES AND WHEELS 1)OUTLINE AND STRUCTURE Bias tire Radial tire RADIAL CORD BELT BIAS CORD BREAKER
70 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Tubeless tire LINER CHAMFER BEAD TIRE RIM VALVE
71 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Tire with tube (Bias tire) (4) Tire & wheel size nominations 7.50 - 16 - 14PR TIRE WIDTH (INCHES) TIRE INNER DIAMETER (INCHES) PLY RATING STRENGTH (14 IS STRONGER THAN 12)
72 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Tire with tube (Radial tire) 11.00R - 20 - 18PR TIRE WIDTH (INCHES) TIRE INNER DIAMETER (INCHES) PLY RATING INDICATES RADIAL TIRE
73 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 7.50 - 16 - 14PR TIRE WIDTH 7.50 : 7.50 inches TIRE INSIDE DIA. 16 : 16 inches PLY RATING 14PR : 14 Plies 7.50 16 inches
74 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Tubeless tire(Radial tire) 205 / 75 R - 17.5 TIRE WIDTH (MILIMETER) TIRE INNER DIAMETER (INCHES) 75% FLATTENING RATE I.E., HEIGHT IS 75% OF WIDTH INDICATES RADIAL TIRE
75 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY FLATTENING RATE FLATTENING RATE = TIRE WIDTH ‫عرض‬ TIRE HIGHT TIRE WIDTH TIRE HIGHT ‫ارتفاع‬
76 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 12 R 22.5 - 16PR TIRE WIDTH (INCHES) TIRE INNER DIAMETER (INCHES) PLY RATING INDICATES RADIAL TIRE Tubeless tire(Radial tire)
77 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 16 X 6.00 GS - 135 WHEEL WIDTH (INCHES) WHEEL INNER DIAMETER (INCHES) OFFSET (mm) FLANGE SHAPE Wheel size
78 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY SERVICE POINTS: Tire & wheel Check the air pressure regularly to prevent uneven wear. Refer to the Workshop Manual for the stipulated pressure. Allowable max. load Tire size Max. air press. Kgf/cm2, lbf/in2 Single Dual Tire dynamic Effe. radius Applicable Rim size 7.50-16-14PR 6.50, 92.0 1,510kg 1,440kg 383mm 16X6.00GS 8.25-20-14PR 6.75, 96.0 2,060kg 1,950kg 468mm 20X6.50T 9.00-20-14PR 7.00,100.0 2,500kg 2,300kg 490mm 20X7.00T Example;
79 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
80 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Make sure double tires have the same air pressure. SAME AIR PRESSURE
81 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY When installing a disc wheel on the drum, confirm that there are no foreign substances on the contact surface and tighten the wheel uniformly. If deformation occurs, brake jitter due to brake drum inner distortion may occur. CONTACT SURFACE
82 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Engine Characteristics ‫المكينة‬ ‫خصائص‬
83 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Stroke(L) Bore(D) Number of cylinders(N) TOTAL DISPLACEMENT(V) Top dead center(TDC) Bottom dead center(BDC) ‫المحرك‬ ‫سعة‬ : Engine Capacity ‫األعلى‬ ‫ميت‬ ‫نقطة‬ (TDC) ‫السفلى‬ ‫ميت‬ ‫نقطة‬ (BDC) ‫شوط‬ ‫القطر‬ (D)
84 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Stroke(L) Bore(D) COMPRESSION RATIO(C) ‫المكتسح‬ ‫الحجم‬ ‫االحتراق‬ ‫غرفة‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫اإلنضغاط‬ ‫نسبة‬
85 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY TORQUE(T) ‫عزم‬ Torque, moment or moment of force is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis Relationship between force F, torque τ, linear momentum p, and angular momentum L in a system which has rotation constrained in one plane only (forces and moments due to gravity and friction not considered T= N x R
86 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY OUT PUT(HP) ‫طاقه‬ If the amount of work than an engine can do in a given period of time is called horse power. The torque is the amount of power than engine produces. Out put(HP) = 1/716 X Torque X Speed Person A, a heavy person with great deal of strength, and person B, who was not very strong, but who could run fast, had a competition to see who could carry greatest number of bricks in a minute. A, with all his strength, could carry 10 bricks at one time, but since he could not move very fast, he could only makes 10 round trips. One other hand, B, who was not very strong, could carry only 5 bricks at a time, but because he could run fast, he was able to make 20 round rips Thus, both persons were able to carry 100 bricks with in the same period of time
87 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ENGINE VALVE MECHANISM OHV = Over head valve OHC = Over Head Cam shaft SOHC = Single Over Head Cam shaft DOHC = Double Over Head Cam shaft
88 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ENGINE VALVE MECHANISM OHV = Over head valve SOHC = Single Over Head Cam shaft DOHC = Double Over Head Cam shaft
89 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY EFI ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive engines, having replaced carburetors during the 1980s and 1990s. A variety of injection systems have existed since the earliest usage of the internal combustion engine. The primary difference between carburetors and fuel injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel by forcibly pumping it through a small nozzle under high pressure, while a carburetor relies on suction created by intake air accelerated through a Venturi tube to draw the fuel into the airstream.
90 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY EFI ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM
91 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY TURBO CHARGER Ｂｌｏｗｅｒ Impeller Blower case Turbine case Turbine shaft Sectional view
92 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve TURBO CHARGER Turbine Ｂｌｏｗｅｒ Impeller
93 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY OUTLINE AND STRUCTURE ENGINE CYLINDER INTERCOOLER BLOWE IMPELLER TURBINE WASTE GATE CONTROL UNIT WASTE GATE VALVE EXHAUST GAS DISCHARGE OUTLET FLOATING BEARING AIR INLET FROM AIR CLEANER ENGINE EXHAUST GAS COMPRESSED AIR 25 ºC 150ºC 50 ºC TURBO CHARGER
94 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Electrical ‫كهربائي‬
95 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BATTERY BATTERY IS THE HEART OF THE ELECTRIC SYSTEM 1. ENGINE OFF: energy is used to operate the lighting and accessory systems. 2. ENGINE STARTING: Battery Energy is used to operate the starter motor and to provide current for the ignition system during cranking. 3. Engine running: Battery energy may be needed when the vehicle's electrical load requirements exceeded the supply from the charging system. The battery is the primary "Source" of electrical energy. It store chemical energy. The chemical reaction changes chemical energy to electrical energy.
96 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BATTERY Click
97 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY → BATTERY → DISCHARGE Pb O2 Pb H2 So4 H2 So4 H2 O
98 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY CHARGING → → BATTERY Pb So4 Pb So4 H2 So4 H2 O 2H2O H2 O
99 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BASIC ELECTRICITY
100 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BASIC ELECTRICITY
101 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY I == v I == 1/R I=V/R BASIC ELECTRICITY ‫مقاومة‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫الجهد‬
102 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫الجهد‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫مقاومة‬
103 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Voltage Current Resistance ➗ ➗
104 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Voltage Current Power ➗ ➗
105 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Return
106 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Return
107 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Return
108 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BASIC ELECTRICITY Series Parallel
109 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
110 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIODE In electronics, a diode is a two- terminal electronic component with an asymmetric transfer characteristic, with low (ideally zero) resistance to current flow in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other
111 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIODE
112 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY RELAY
113 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY RELAY
114 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY FUSES Automotive fuses are a class of fuses used to protect the wiring and electrical equipment for vehicles. They are generally rated for circuits no higher than 24 volts direct current, but some types are rated for 42-volt electrical systems. They are occasionally used in non-automotive electrical products.
115 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ALTERNATOR An alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current.
116 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Dynamo An alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current.
117 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
118 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ALTERNATOR
119 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY STARTING MOTOR A starter is an electric motor for rotating an internal- combustion engine so as to initiate the engine's operation under its own power.
120 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY STARTING MOTOR
121 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY STARTING MOTOR
122 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Simple wiring diagram
123 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Air Condition ‫الهواء‬ ‫مكيف‬
124 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Automobile air conditioning systems cool the occupants of a vehicle in hot weather Air condition will supply hot air in cold weather AIR CONDITION Click
125 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
126 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY

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Automobile Basics

  • 1. GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES Basic Automobile Knowledge 2013
  • 2. 09/05 Basic automobile, history, petrol vs diesel vs hybrid vs Electrical 10/05 Basic parts of vehicle, engine, chassis, power train, body 11/05 ignition, lubrication cooling, fuel, starting, charging, exhaust 12/05 Tire, axle, steering, brake, abs 15/05 , Ebd, front drive, rear drive 4x4 drive, disc, drum 16/05 , Adas 17/05 , Car accessories 18/05 , Scan, emission Noms, BS standard 19/05 , EV 22/05 , Auto electrical and A/C 23/05 , Convocation and general calss
  • 3. 3 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Contents Basic Mechanical ‫المكانيك‬ ‫اسس‬ Component’s Names ‫االجزاء‬ ‫مسميات‬ Wheel & Tire ‫واإلطارات‬ ‫الجنوط‬ Engine Characteristics ‫المكينة‬ ‫خصائص‬ Electrical ‫كهربائي‬ Air condition ‫الهواء‬ ‫مكيف‬
  • 4. 4 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Component’s Names ‫االجزاء‬ ‫مسميات‬
  • 5. 5 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫سقف‬ Roof ‫السيارة‬ ‫صندوق‬ ‫إسطبات‬ ‫الخلفي‬ ‫رفرف‬ ‫زجاج‬ ‫مقبض‬ ‫ال‬ ‫باب‬ ‫باب‬ ‫مرآة‬ ‫الجانبية‬ ‫كفر‬ ‫رفرف‬ ‫امامي‬ Front spoiler ‫الصدام‬ ‫لحية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫الجانبية‬ ‫شارات‬ ‫معدنية‬ ‫لوحة‬ ‫الصدمات‬ ‫األمامية‬ ‫المصابيح‬ ‫الرديتر‬ ‫شبكة‬ ‫كبوت‬ ‫ال‬ ‫مساحة‬ ‫سقف‬ ‫فتحة‬ ‫سقف‬ ‫كفر‬ ‫طاسة‬ ‫قائم‬ ‫امامي‬ ‫الخلفي‬ ‫زجاج‬ ‫ركن‬ ‫وسطي‬ ‫قائم‬ ‫مرآة‬ ‫الجانبية‬ ‫امامي‬ ‫زجاج‬ ‫مثلث‬
  • 6. 6 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫السيارة‬ ‫صندوق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ضوء‬ ‫لخلفي‬ ‫االحتياطي‬ ‫اإلطار‬ ‫سيارة‬ ‫اإلطار‬ ‫بكس‬ ‫جير‬ ‫شكمان‬ ‫الكردان‬ ‫عمود‬ ‫فلتر‬ ‫الزيت‬ ‫الدينامو‬ ‫ال‬ ‫رديتر‬ ‫مبينة‬ ‫بطارية‬ ‫هواء‬ ‫فلتر‬ ‫علبة‬ ‫مساحة‬ Steering ‫الدركسون‬ ‫عجلة‬ ‫ال‬ ‫مساحة‬ ‫كرسي‬ ‫الخلفية‬ ‫الرؤية‬ ‫مرآة‬ ‫قرص‬ ‫الفرامل‬ ‫باب‬ ‫زيق‬ ‫جانبي‬ ‫االمامي‬ ‫الزجاج‬ ‫زيق‬ ‫علبة‬ reservoir Propeller sh
  • 7. 7 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫فرامل‬ ‫قرص‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫ذراع‬ ‫السفلي‬ ‫االمامي‬ ‫المكينة‬ ‫حامل‬ ‫مكينة‬ ‫كرسي‬
  • 8. 8 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫الخلفية‬ ‫الرؤية‬ ‫مرآة‬ ‫مرآة‬ ‫والعة‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫فتحة‬ ‫المكيف‬ ‫الهواء‬ ‫التابلوه‬ ‫صندوق‬ ‫التابلوه‬ ‫صندوق‬ ‫مسجل‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫دعسة‬ ‫دعسة‬ ‫الفرامل‬ ‫الدركسون‬ ‫عمود‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زراع‬ ‫شارات‬ ‫مساحات‬ ‫زراع‬ ‫العدادات‬ ‫لوحة‬ ‫شماسة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫في‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫لتدفيئة‬
  • 9. 9 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 1. Head lamp 2. Radiator grill 3. Engine hood 4. Front window 5. Wipers 6. Out Side Rear view mirror 7. Door Outside Handles 8. Side Protection moldings 9. Fenders 10. Disc Wheels 11. Side turn signals 12. Clearance lamps 13. Fog lamp ‫ضباب‬ 14. Bumpers 15. Front spoiler
  • 10. 10 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 16. Pillars 17. Garnish 18. Rear window glass 19. Rear combination lamp 20. Muffler and tail pipe 21. License plate lamp 22. Rear spoiler 23. Trunk lid 24. Mud guards 25. Fuel lid
  • 11. 11 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 16. ‫السيارة‬ ‫قوائم‬ 17. ‫قوائم‬ ‫جانبي‬ 18. ‫الخلفية‬ ‫زجاج‬ 19. ‫الخلفية‬ ‫المصابيح‬ ‫مجموعة‬ 20. ‫كنداسة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الذيل‬ ‫ماسورة‬ 21. ‫لمبة‬ ‫معدنية‬ ‫لوحة‬ 22. ‫الشندة‬ ‫سبويلر‬ 23. ‫السيارة‬ ‫صندوق‬ 24. ‫واقية‬ ‫من‬ ‫الطين‬ 25. ‫غطاء‬ ‫خزان‬ ‫الوقود‬
  • 12. 12 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 14. Trim 15. Door inside handle 16. Window regulator handle 17. Inside rear view mirror 18. Sun visor 19. Console Box 20. Trunk opener 21. Fuel lid opener 22. Rear Package Tray
  • 13. 13 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 14. ‫زيق‬ 15. ‫داخلي‬ ‫باب‬ ‫مقبض‬ 16. ‫الزجاج‬ ‫رافعة‬ 17. ‫الخلفية‬ ‫الرؤية‬ ‫مرآة‬ 18. ‫الشماسة‬ 19. ‫حاوي‬ ‫صندوق‬ 20. ‫ال‬ ‫فتحة‬ ‫صندوق‬ 21. ‫فتحة‬ ‫الوقود‬ ‫غطاء‬ 22. ‫الخلفي‬ ‫تحزين‬ ‫مكان‬
  • 14. 14 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Basic Mechanical ‫المكانيك‬ ‫اسس‬
  • 15. 15 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
  • 16. 16 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
  • 17. 17 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ENGINE
  • 18. 18 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ENGINE ENGINE IS THE POWER PLANT OF THE AUTOMOBILE  IT GENERATES MOTIVE POWER FOR LOCOMOTION  IT CONVERTS CHEMICAL ENERGY OF THE FUEL TO MECHANICAL ENERGY  ENGINE DEVELOPS POWER & TORQUE TORQUE : - Is the capacity to do work. Measured in Kg-m , N-m , Lb-ft POWER : - How fast the work can be done Measured in - Horse Power, Kilo watt ‫عزم‬ ‫طاقة‬
  • 19. 19 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ENGINE Click Power ‫السحب‬ ‫اإلنضغاط‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫التفريغ‬ 4 ‫شوط‬ T D C B D C
  • 20. 20 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 20 Turbo BDC TDC TDC BDC Exhaust Valve Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve Valve lift Intake Valve TDC suction Crank angle
  • 21. 21 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 21 EGR lift Brake lift suction Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Crank angle Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve
  • 22. 22 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 22 Compression Crank angle Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve
  • 23. 23 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 23 Combustion Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve Crank angle
  • 24. 24 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 24 Expansion Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve Crank angle Turbo
  • 25. 25 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 25 Exhaust Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve Crank angle
  • 26. 26 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 26 Valve lift Exhaust Valve Intake Valve BDC TDC TDC BDC TDC Exhaust Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve Crank angle
  • 27. 27 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY CLUTCH
  • 28. 28 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY CLUTCH  CLUTCH IS THE CRUCIAL LINK BETWEEN THE POWER PLANT (ENGINE) AND THE DRIVELINE  THE PURPOSE OF THE CLUTCH IS TO LINK OR DELINK (ENGAGE OR DIS-ENGAGE) THE ENGINE FROM THE DRIVELINE, AS DESIRED BY THE DRIVER  IT IS ALSO MAKING STARTING SMOOTH, MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO STOP THE VEHICLE WITHOUT STALLING AND MAKES ENGINE OPERATION EASIER COMPONENTS OF CLUCH •CLUTCH MASTER CYLINDER • CLUTCH SLAVE CYLINDER • RELEASER BEARING • CLUTCH PRESSURE PLATE • CLUTCH DRIVEN PLATE
  • 29. 29 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
  • 30. 30 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
  • 31. 31 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
  • 32. 32 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY The torque converter is a coupling between the engine and transmission of the vehicle. The purpose is to allow the vehicle to come to a stop, with the engine running. From this perspective, it acts much like an automatic clutch. TORQUE CONVERTER ‫تنجره‬
  • 33. 33 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Torque converters work by transferring power, through fluid motion. An easy way to understand might be to consider two desk fans. One connected to power and turned on, the other unplugged. Motion of air, coming from the running fan, can make the blades in the non-running fan turn. A torque converter works similarly. Internal blades, attached to the converter housing and bolted to the engine flywheel, move transmission fluid. The motion of this fluid causes other blades, attached to the transmission, to turn. This drives the vehicle and at idle, allows the engine to run with the vehicle not moving.
  • 34. 34 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Structure of Torque converter ◆The flow of the fluid in Torque converter 1. Pump impeller 2. Turbine runner 3. Stator 4. Lockup damper 5. One way clutch 6. Converter front cover 7. Lockup piston Stator Pump impeller Turbine runner Flow of fluid Click
  • 35. 35 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION
  • 36. 36 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY OR CAUSING THE VEHICLE TO REVERSE
  • 37. 37 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Click
  • 38. 38 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY GEAR RATIO 30 39 19 44 4.583 42 20 23 37 28 32 37 34 ‫الجير‬ ‫نسبة‬
  • 39. 39 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Basic structure of Automatic transmission Gear mechanism ２ Control system ３ １ Torque converter Input Output AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
  • 40. 40 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ①Torque converter The torque converter is composed of three types of impellers: the pump impeller coupled with the output shaft of the engine, the turbine runner coupled with the input shaft of the transmission, and the stator fixed to the case; the inside of the converter is filled with oil. The function of the torque converter is to use this oil for transmitting the driving power from the engine to the transmission with effective torque conversion, which is done automatically and sleeplessly ②Transmission mechanism Because the drive force is transmitted by the torque converter only, it cannot function as a an efficient power transmission device; for this reason, a gearbox has been added to the output shaft of the torque converter. ③Control system The control system operates the hydraulic multi-disk clutch and the brakes according to the driving conditions, and together with gear shifting by the planetary gear set, it sends oil to the torque converter, lubricates the various transmission parts, etc. AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
  • 41. 41 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Click AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION Planetary gear system ‫جير‬ ‫بالنتري‬ ‫جير‬ ‫سن‬ ‫جير‬ ‫ستار‬ ‫جير‬ ‫رينج‬ Ring = 42 Star = 12 Sun = 18 ‫كوكبي‬ ‫جير‬
  • 42. 42 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Gear ratio Clutch No.2 Clutch No.3 Brake No.2 BrakeNo.2 One way Clutch No.1 Input shaft and Middle planetary shaft are connected Middle planetary gear rotation is lock Middle & Rear planetary ring gear are rotation is lock Left rotation of Middle planetary carrier to case is locked Component & Operation Component & Operation condition 【１】 Structure AT
  • 43. 43 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 【２】 Operation 〔１〕 1st （Ｄ range･ L-3 range） 〔2〕 2nd （Ｄ range・L - 3 range） AT
  • 44. 44 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 〔4〕 4th （Ｄ range・4 range） 〔3〕 3rd （Ｄ range・Ｌ- ３ range） AT
  • 45. 45 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY AT
  • 46. 46 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 〔7〕 Ｒ （Ｒ range） AT
  • 47. 47 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫السرعة‬ ‫متغير‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫ناقل‬ Continuously variable transmission ‫وخالفا‬ ‫للناقل‬ ‫الحركة‬ ‫األوتوماتيكي‬ ‫والذى‬ ‫لديه‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النسب‬ ‫الترسية‬ ، ‫والسيارات‬ ‫مع‬ CVT ‫استخدام‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫وحزام‬ ‫لتقديم‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫محدودة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النسب‬ ‫والعتاد‬ . ‫السيارات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫متغير‬ ‫باستمرار‬ ‫االستفادة‬ ‫من‬ ‫البكرات‬ ‫واألحزمة‬ ‫لتوفير‬ ‫العتاد‬ ‫نسب‬ ‫متفاوتة‬ . ‫هذا‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫يتكون‬ ‫من‬ ‫ز‬ ‫وج‬ ‫من‬ ‫متغير‬ ‫البكرات‬ ‫قطر‬ . ‫في‬ ‫حين‬ ‫أن‬ ‫مساهمة‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫متص‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إلى‬ ،‫محرك‬ ‫ويتم‬ ‫توصيل‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫خرج‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫العجالت‬ ‫بالسيارة‬ . ‫حز‬ ‫ام‬ ‫معدني‬ ‫يمتد‬ ‫بين‬ ‫البكرات‬ ‫اثنين‬ . ‫عندما‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫نصفي‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫قر‬ ‫با‬ ‫من‬ ‫بعضها‬ ،‫البعض‬ ‫وحزام‬ ‫من‬ ‫المعدن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫سلسلة‬ ‫يذهب‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫على‬ ‫بك‬ ‫رة‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫القطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫بكرة‬ . ‫هذا‬ ‫هو‬ ‫التغيير‬ ‫في‬ ‫القطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫ب‬ ‫كرة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يحقق‬ ‫نسب‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫متنوعة‬ . ‫ويمكن‬ ‫تحقيق‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫منخفضة‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ندما‬ ‫القطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫مدخالت‬ ‫أصغر‬ ‫من‬ ‫بكرة‬ ‫االنتاج‬ . ،‫وهكذا‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫التغ‬ ‫يير‬ ‫في‬ ‫قطر‬ ‫البكرات‬ ‫تلعب‬ ‫دورا‬ ‫كبيرا‬ ‫في‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫من‬ ‫سرع‬ ‫ة‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫السيارة‬ . ‫وخالفا‬ ‫لالنتقال‬ ‫التقليدية‬ ‫التي‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ف‬ ‫يها‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫التغيرات‬ ‫في‬ ‫مراحل‬ ‫عند‬ ‫تحويل‬ ،‫التروس‬ ‫والتغييرات‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ندما‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫في‬ ‫ما‬ ‫يقود‬ ‫السيارة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫نظام‬ CVT.
  • 48. 48 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Unlike the automatic transmission which has a set number of gear ratios, and cars with CVT use a pulley and belt system to provide an unlimited range of gear ratios. Cars with continuously variable transmission system to take advantage of pulleys and belts to provide varying gear ratios. This system consists of a pair of variable diameter pulleys. While the contribution of one reel is connected to the engine, and the reel is connected output to the drive wheels. Metal belt running between two pulleys. When pulley halves closer to each other, and a belt of metal or chain goes higher on the reel and thus increase the diameter of the reel. This is the change in the diameter of the reel to achieve a variety of transfer rates. The ratio can be achieved when the diameter of the low input pulley smaller reel production. Thus, the change in the diameter pulleys play a major role in changing the ratio of engine speed to vehicle speed. Unlike traditional transmission where the ratio of changes in stages when converting the gears, and the percentage changes when continuously driving the car with the CVT system.
  • 49. 49 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
  • 50. 50 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIFFERENTIAL  The differential on a front wheel drive car is not a separate component, but is part of (inside) the transaxle. On a rear wheel drive car, the transmission and differential (drive axle) are separate, and connected together via a driveshaft. The purpose of a differential is to allow the two driven wheels to turn at different speeds. As the car goes around a corner, the outside wheel travels further than the inside wheel, and thus must turn more revolutions. If the two wheels were solidly connected together, one tire would skid any time the car was not travelling in a straight line.
  • 51. 51 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
  • 52. 52 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
  • 53. 53 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Click Ring gear Sun gears planet gears Click
  • 54. 54 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE SHAFTS
  • 55. 55 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DRIVE SHAFTS  In front wheel drive vehicles, the drive shafts transfer the drive directly from the differential to the front wheels. A short inner stub shaft is splined to the differential side gear and an outer stub shaft is splined to the front wheel hub. Each stub shaft has a yoke, or housing, to accommodate a CV JOINT, at each end of a connecting intermediate shaft. CV JOINT let the shaft keep rotating while allowing for changes due to suspension movement - such as shaft length and horizontal angle, and shaft angle as the steering turns
  • 56. 56 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DRIVE SHAFT WITH CV Constant velocity joint with boot, attachment parts and grease . CV JOINT. Click
  • 57. 57 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIFFERENTIAL STEERING
  • 58. 58 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY STEERING The basic aim of steering is to ensure that the wheels are pointing in the desired directions. This is typically achieved by a series of linkages, rods, pivots and gears One of the fundamental concepts is that of caster angle - each wheel is steered with a pivot point ahead of the wheel; this makes the steering tend to be self-centering towards the direction of travel.
  • 59. 59 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY An example of a chopper with raked forks at an extreme caster angle. CASTER ANGLE : - Caster angle[1] or castor angle[2] is the angular displacement from the vertical axis of the suspension of a steered wheel in a car. Measured in Degrees STEERING
  • 60. 60 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫كاستر‬ ‫كامبر‬ ‫تو‬ - ‫إن‬ Caster Camber
  • 61. 61 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY STEERING
  • 62. 62 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension systems serve a dual purpose — contributing to the vehicle's road holding/handling and braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps, and vibrations, etc SUSPENSION
  • 63. 63 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY SUSPENSION
  • 64. 64 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY A vehicle brake is a brake used to slow down a vehicle by converting its kinetic energy into heat. The basic hydraulic system, most commonly used, usually has six main stages. The brake pedal, the brake boost (vacuum servo), the master cylinder, the apportioning valves and finally the roadwheel brakes themselves. A drum brake is a brake in which the friction is caused by a set of brake shoes that press against the inner surface of a rotating drum. The drum is connected to the rotating roadwheel hub. The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a road wheel. A brake disc (or rotor in U.S. English), usually made of cast iron or ceramic, is connected to the wheel or the axle. To stop the wheel, friction material in the form of brake pads (mounted in a device called a brake caliper) is forced mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electromagnetically against both sides of the disc. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. BRAKES
  • 65. 65 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BRAKES
  • 66. 66 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BRAKE 4. OPERATION EXPLANATION – Brake booster Click
  • 67. 67 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Piston Cylinder Piston Seal Caliper Brake Pad BRAKE 4. OPERATION EXPLANATION – Disc brake
  • 68. 68 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY WHEEL & TIRE ‫واإلطارات‬ ‫الجنوط‬
  • 69. 69 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 3-4 TIRES AND WHEELS 1)OUTLINE AND STRUCTURE Bias tire Radial tire RADIAL CORD BELT BIAS CORD BREAKER
  • 70. 70 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Tubeless tire LINER CHAMFER BEAD TIRE RIM VALVE
  • 71. 71 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Tire with tube (Bias tire) (4) Tire & wheel size nominations 7.50 - 16 - 14PR TIRE WIDTH (INCHES) TIRE INNER DIAMETER (INCHES) PLY RATING STRENGTH (14 IS STRONGER THAN 12)
  • 72. 72 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Tire with tube (Radial tire) 11.00R - 20 - 18PR TIRE WIDTH (INCHES) TIRE INNER DIAMETER (INCHES) PLY RATING INDICATES RADIAL TIRE
  • 73. 73 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 7.50 - 16 - 14PR TIRE WIDTH 7.50 : 7.50 inches TIRE INSIDE DIA. 16 : 16 inches PLY RATING 14PR : 14 Plies 7.50 16 inches
  • 74. 74 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Tubeless tire(Radial tire) 205 / 75 R - 17.5 TIRE WIDTH (MILIMETER) TIRE INNER DIAMETER (INCHES) 75% FLATTENING RATE I.E., HEIGHT IS 75% OF WIDTH INDICATES RADIAL TIRE
  • 75. 75 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY FLATTENING RATE FLATTENING RATE = TIRE WIDTH ‫عرض‬ TIRE HIGHT TIRE WIDTH TIRE HIGHT ‫ارتفاع‬
  • 76. 76 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 12 R 22.5 - 16PR TIRE WIDTH (INCHES) TIRE INNER DIAMETER (INCHES) PLY RATING INDICATES RADIAL TIRE Tubeless tire(Radial tire)
  • 77. 77 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY 16 X 6.00 GS - 135 WHEEL WIDTH (INCHES) WHEEL INNER DIAMETER (INCHES) OFFSET (mm) FLANGE SHAPE Wheel size
  • 78. 78 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY SERVICE POINTS: Tire & wheel Check the air pressure regularly to prevent uneven wear. Refer to the Workshop Manual for the stipulated pressure. Allowable max. load Tire size Max. air press. Kgf/cm2, lbf/in2 Single Dual Tire dynamic Effe. radius Applicable Rim size 7.50-16-14PR 6.50, 92.0 1,510kg 1,440kg 383mm 16X6.00GS 8.25-20-14PR 6.75, 96.0 2,060kg 1,950kg 468mm 20X6.50T 9.00-20-14PR 7.00,100.0 2,500kg 2,300kg 490mm 20X7.00T Example;
  • 79. 79 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
  • 80. 80 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Make sure double tires have the same air pressure. SAME AIR PRESSURE
  • 81. 81 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY When installing a disc wheel on the drum, confirm that there are no foreign substances on the contact surface and tighten the wheel uniformly. If deformation occurs, brake jitter due to brake drum inner distortion may occur. CONTACT SURFACE
  • 82. 82 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Engine Characteristics ‫المكينة‬ ‫خصائص‬
  • 83. 83 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Stroke(L) Bore(D) Number of cylinders(N) TOTAL DISPLACEMENT(V) Top dead center(TDC) Bottom dead center(BDC) ‫المحرك‬ ‫سعة‬ : Engine Capacity ‫األعلى‬ ‫ميت‬ ‫نقطة‬ (TDC) ‫السفلى‬ ‫ميت‬ ‫نقطة‬ (BDC) ‫شوط‬ ‫القطر‬ (D)
  • 84. 84 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Stroke(L) Bore(D) COMPRESSION RATIO(C) ‫المكتسح‬ ‫الحجم‬ ‫االحتراق‬ ‫غرفة‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫اإلنضغاط‬ ‫نسبة‬
  • 85. 85 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY TORQUE(T) ‫عزم‬ Torque, moment or moment of force is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis Relationship between force F, torque τ, linear momentum p, and angular momentum L in a system which has rotation constrained in one plane only (forces and moments due to gravity and friction not considered T= N x R
  • 86. 86 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY OUT PUT(HP) ‫طاقه‬ If the amount of work than an engine can do in a given period of time is called horse power. The torque is the amount of power than engine produces. Out put(HP) = 1/716 X Torque X Speed Person A, a heavy person with great deal of strength, and person B, who was not very strong, but who could run fast, had a competition to see who could carry greatest number of bricks in a minute. A, with all his strength, could carry 10 bricks at one time, but since he could not move very fast, he could only makes 10 round trips. One other hand, B, who was not very strong, could carry only 5 bricks at a time, but because he could run fast, he was able to make 20 round rips Thus, both persons were able to carry 100 bricks with in the same period of time
  • 87. 87 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ENGINE VALVE MECHANISM OHV = Over head valve OHC = Over Head Cam shaft SOHC = Single Over Head Cam shaft DOHC = Double Over Head Cam shaft
  • 88. 88 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ENGINE VALVE MECHANISM OHV = Over head valve SOHC = Single Over Head Cam shaft DOHC = Double Over Head Cam shaft
  • 89. 89 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY EFI ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive engines, having replaced carburetors during the 1980s and 1990s. A variety of injection systems have existed since the earliest usage of the internal combustion engine. The primary difference between carburetors and fuel injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel by forcibly pumping it through a small nozzle under high pressure, while a carburetor relies on suction created by intake air accelerated through a Venturi tube to draw the fuel into the airstream.
  • 90. 90 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY EFI ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM
  • 91. 91 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY TURBO CHARGER Ｂｌｏｗｅｒ Impeller Blower case Turbine case Turbine shaft Sectional view
  • 92. 92 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Turbo Intake cam Exhaust cam Brake cam Intake valve Exhaust valve TURBO CHARGER Turbine Ｂｌｏｗｅｒ Impeller
  • 93. 93 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY OUTLINE AND STRUCTURE ENGINE CYLINDER INTERCOOLER BLOWE IMPELLER TURBINE WASTE GATE CONTROL UNIT WASTE GATE VALVE EXHAUST GAS DISCHARGE OUTLET FLOATING BEARING AIR INLET FROM AIR CLEANER ENGINE EXHAUST GAS COMPRESSED AIR 25 ºC 150ºC 50 ºC TURBO CHARGER
  • 94. 94 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Electrical ‫كهربائي‬
  • 95. 95 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BATTERY BATTERY IS THE HEART OF THE ELECTRIC SYSTEM 1. ENGINE OFF: energy is used to operate the lighting and accessory systems. 2. ENGINE STARTING: Battery Energy is used to operate the starter motor and to provide current for the ignition system during cranking. 3. Engine running: Battery energy may be needed when the vehicle's electrical load requirements exceeded the supply from the charging system. The battery is the primary "Source" of electrical energy. It store chemical energy. The chemical reaction changes chemical energy to electrical energy.
  • 96. 96 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BATTERY Click
  • 97. 97 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY → BATTERY → DISCHARGE Pb O2 Pb H2 So4 H2 So4 H2 O
  • 98. 98 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY CHARGING → → BATTERY Pb So4 Pb So4 H2 So4 H2 O 2H2O H2 O
  • 99. 99 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BASIC ELECTRICITY
  • 100. 100 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BASIC ELECTRICITY
  • 101. 101 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY I == v I == 1/R I=V/R BASIC ELECTRICITY ‫مقاومة‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫الجهد‬
  • 102. 102 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ‫الجهد‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫مقاومة‬
  • 103. 103 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Voltage Current Resistance ➗ ➗
  • 104. 104 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Voltage Current Power ➗ ➗
  • 105. 105 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Return
  • 106. 106 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Return
  • 107. 107 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Return
  • 108. 108 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY BASIC ELECTRICITY Series Parallel
  • 109. 109 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
  • 110. 110 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIODE In electronics, a diode is a two- terminal electronic component with an asymmetric transfer characteristic, with low (ideally zero) resistance to current flow in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other
  • 111. 111 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY DIODE
  • 112. 112 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY RELAY
  • 113. 113 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY RELAY
  • 114. 114 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY FUSES Automotive fuses are a class of fuses used to protect the wiring and electrical equipment for vehicles. They are generally rated for circuits no higher than 24 volts direct current, but some types are rated for 42-volt electrical systems. They are occasionally used in non-automotive electrical products.
  • 115. 115 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ALTERNATOR An alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current.
  • 116. 116 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Dynamo An alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current.
  • 117. 117 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
  • 118. 118 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY ALTERNATOR
  • 119. 119 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY STARTING MOTOR A starter is an electric motor for rotating an internal- combustion engine so as to initiate the engine's operation under its own power.
  • 120. 120 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY STARTING MOTOR
  • 121. 121 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY STARTING MOTOR
  • 122. 122 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Simple wiring diagram
  • 123. 123 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Air Condition ‫الهواء‬ ‫مكيف‬
  • 124. 124 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY Automobile air conditioning systems cool the occupants of a vehicle in hot weather Air condition will supply hot air in cold weather AIR CONDITION Click
  • 125. 125 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY
  • 126. 126 GULF ADVANTAGE AUTOMOBILES LLC Jan-2013 CONFIDENTIAL GAA PROPERTY