2. Intended Learning Outcomes
• Define attitude
• Features of attitude
• Components of attitude
• Theory of Iceberg
• Identify the positive attitudes
• Discuss how positive and negative attitudes impact
• Practice and apply strategies to maintain a positive
attitude
4. ATTITUDE
• Attitude is a state of mind
• Your attitude is your mind-set
• It is the way you look at things mentally
• Attitudes are evaluative statements
• They indicate one’s feelings either favourably or
unfavourably to persons objects and or events
• Attitude is the way you communicate your mood to
others
• The way you perceive the world and your position
in it directly affects your dealings with others
5. ATTITUDES ARE EVALUATIVE STATEMENTS
• Attitude reflect how one feels about something
Ex. When someone says “I like teaching” he is
expressing his attitude about his work
6. DEFINITION OF ATTITUDE?
• Attitude is defined as the persistent tendency to
feel and behave in a particular way towards some
objects, persons or events
7. THE SALIENT FEATURES OF ATITUDES
• Attitudes are related to feelings and beliefs about
people
• Attitude is a response to persons objects or events
• Attitudes affect behaviour positively or negatively
• Attitudes undergo changes
• Attitudes affect perception, and in turn, behaviour
8. HOW ATTITUDE WORKS
• It is a cognitive and affective evaluation that
predisposes a person to to act in a certain way
Cognitive
Affective
BEHAVIOUR
9. COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES
• Cognitions (Thoughts)
• Affections (Feelings)
• Behaviour ( Actions and reactions)
10. COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES
Example
• Cognitions (My job is interesting)
• Affections (I love my job)
• Behaviour ( I am going to get to work early with a
smile on my face- my intention to act)
11.
12. ONLY 10% OF ANY
ICEBERG IS
VISIBLE.
THE REMAINING
90% IS BELOW SEA
LEVEL.
How Much Do You See of an ICEBERG?
13. “Whenever you're in conflict with
someone, there is one factor that
can make the difference between
damaging your relationship and
deepening it. That factor is
attitude”
William James
18. SEA LEVEL
BEHAVIOR
VALUES – STANDARDS – JUDGMENTS
ATTITUDE
MOTIVES – ETHICS - BELIEFS
KNOWN
TO OTHERS
UNKNOWN
TO OTHERS
19. “Everything depends on attitude. We are
ambitious or lazy, enthusiastic or dull,
loyal or undependable, according to our
attitude. We get good grades or poor
grades - according to our attitudes.
Discouragement is an attitude. Lack of
industry is an attitude. Failure to follow
instructions is an attitude.”
Sterling W. Sill
20. HOW ATTITUDES ARE FORMED?
• Attitudes are not inherited
• They are acquired or learned by people from the
environment in which they interact
• The formation of attitudes is broadly classified in to
two sources namely
1. Direct experience/ Direct Learning
2. Social Learning
21. PROCESS OF LEARNING ATTITUDES
Direct learning- from observation
• One’s direct experience with an object or person
serves as a powerful source for his or her attitude
formation
• In other words attitudes are formed on the basis of
one’s past experience in concerned object or
person
22. PROCESS OF LEARNING ATTITUDES
Social learning- from observation
• The process of deriving attitudes from family, peer
groups, religious organizations and culture is called
social learning
• In social learning a person acquires attitudes from
his or her environment in an indirect manner
• They acquire it mainly by observing their models
23. PROCESS OF LEARNING ATTITUDES FROM
OBSERVATION- SOCIAL LEARNING
• Attention - focus on something
• Retention - what observed must be retained
• Reproduction - Behaviour must be practiced again
and again
• Motivation - learner must be motivated to learn
from it
24. ROLE OF CULTURE IN ATTITUDE
FORMATION
• Culture plays a definitive role in the formation of
attitudes
Eg:-
• Sri Lankans earn for future requirements
• Americans earn to enjoy the present
25. THREE TYPES OF JOB RELATED ATTITUDES
• Job satisfaction
• Job Involvement
• Organizational commitment
26. JOB SATISFACTION
Individual’s pleasurable or positive emotional state
toward his job
Job satisfaction is related with five specific job
dimensions
• Pay
• Work itself
• Promotional opportunities
• Supervision
• Co-workers
27. JOB INVOLVEMENT
• It is the degree to which employees immerse
themselves in their jobs, invest time and energy in
them and consider work as central part of their
overall lives. It is identifying with one’s job
• Such employees tend to be high performers and
seldom tardy and get absent
28. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
• it is about employees loyalty towards their
organizations - It is identifying with one’s
organization
• It is an attitude about employee’s commitment to
the organization
• It is the process by which an employee identify with
the organization and want to maintain membership
with the organization
29. What Make your life 100%
success?
Let Each Letter of the Alphabetic has a value
equals to it Sequence of the Alphabetical Order:
30. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
L E A D E R S H I P
12 5 1 4 5 18 19 8 9 16
L U C K
12 21 3 11
M O N E Y
13 15 14 5 25
L O V E
12 15 22 5
=
=
=
=
54
47
72
97
Let Each Letter of the Alphabetic has a value
equals to it Sequence of the Alphabetical Order:
What Makes Your Life 100%?
31. A T T I T U D E
1 20 20 9 20 21 4 5
K N O W L E D G E
11 14 15 23 12 5 4 7 5
H A R D W O R K
8 1 12 4 23 15 18 11
S K I L L S
19 11 9 12 12 19 =
=
=
=
82
96
98
100
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
What Makes Your Life 100%?
36. Positive Attitudes
• Attempting to see the good side in any situation
and managing that situation in a constructive way.
Maintaining a set of ideas, values, and thoughts
that tend to look for the good in situations and
people.
• A positive self image will reinforce and improve
both professional and personal relationships
37.
38.
39. ATTITUDE IS YOUR MENTAL FOCUS ON
THE OUTSIDE WORLD
• Like using a camera you can focus or set your mind
on what appeals to you
• You can see situations as either opportunities or
failures
• Examples
• A hot summer day may be beautiful or ugly
• A departmental meeting is either interesting or boring
40. ARE YOU AWARE OF THIS?
• When you are optimistic and anticipate successful
encounters you transmit a positive attitude and
people usually respond favourably
• When you are pessimistic and expect the worst
your attitude is often negative and people tend to
avoid you
• Quite simply you take the picture of life you want
to take
42. EMPHASIZING THE POSITIVE AND
DIFFUSING THE NEGATIVE
• Emphasizing the positive and diffusing the negative
is like using a magnifying glass
• You can place the glass over good news and feel
better or you can magnify bad news and make
yourself miserable
• Magnifying situations can become a habit
• if you continually focus on difficult situations the
result will be exaggerated distortions of problems
43. A BETTER APPROACH
• Imagine you have binoculars
• Use magnifying end to view positive things
• Use the other end whenever you encounter
negative elements to make them appear smaller
• Once you know to highlight the positive you are on
the right road
44. WHAT CAN WE LEARN FORM THIS
• Think more about the positive things and try to
make use of the positives to drive your life
• This means that you have learnt to alter your
imagery to highlight the positive
• This means that you are on the right road
46. Unless you are on constant guard
negatives can slip in to your mind
which make your mind time spend
on difficulties rather than on
opportunities
47. If negative factors stay around for a
long time they will be reflected in
your disposition
The positive may be still there but
may be overshadowed by the
negative
48. Challenge!
• Push the negative factors to the outer perimeter of
your thinking
• Those who will learn the trick will reflect it and
others will notice it
49. Challenge!
• Of course! No one can be positive all the time
• Excessive optimism is not realistic
• Positive attitude is not an act. It must be genuine
50. HOW TO MEASURE ATTITUDES
• Self- Report
• Indirect tests
• Direct observation Techniques
• Psychological Reaction Techniques
51. HOW TO CHANGE ATTITUDES
• Filling in information Gap
• use of fear
• Resolving Discrepancies
• Impact of peers
• The co-opting approach
