3. WE EQUATE TRUTH
WITH SCIENTIFIC
TRUTH:
•Something is true because it is
based on facts.
•Something is factual when it is
scientifically proven—when backed
by data gathering, analysis and
repeated verification.
4. •A study from Jayward Pitkin University
shows that 95% of men and women who
are taller than the average height are
more likely to become successful and
happy in their careers.
5. TRUTH UNDERSTOOD THIS WAY
IS WHAT PHILOSOPHERS CALL
OBJECTIVE TRUTHS.
•They point to descriptions of
“state of affairs” which
remain true regardless of
who is viewing them.
6. •Scientific truths are part of just
one among the many ways of
understanding truth.
But not everyone is aware of this.
7. BELIEVERS ARE IRRATIONAL BECAUSE THEY
BELIEVE IN THINGS THAT CANNOT BE
VERIFIED.
It Implies:
•Only those who believe in things that can be
verified are rational.
•Only those who believe in scientific truths are
rational.
8. •Many parts of our lives rest on
things that we consider as true
even if they are not scientifically
proven.
9. •We believe that there is more to life than just
working for our biological survival.
•We live for reasons we hold true in our heart—
the love of family, the good of service for others,
or for the fulfillment of a responsibility.
For many of us, these are the truths that matter
because they define the direction of our human
lives.
10. •To narrowly confine truth to the
scientific way of thinking is to claim
that there is only ONE way of
understanding truth.
12. •“apart from the scientific
truths, there are other
domains in life which we
understand truth
differently. Scientific
truths are covered by the
“OBJECTIVE DOMAIN” of life.
Habermas
13. OBJECTIVE DOMAIN
•Pertains to the natural world
that maintains a relative
independence from the
perspective and attitude of
human beings that perceive
them.
14. SOCIAL DOMAIN
Truth is analogous with a
general agreement or
consensus on what is right
as opposed to what is
wrong.
15. •We do not look at these two different
situations as contradicting each other.
We understand that some things are
“true” or good in a particular context,
while they are “false” or wrong in another
context.
•Truth in this domain are mostly products
of an “agreement” in society that has
been established over time.
16. •It is in this way that norms and values
appear as truths.
•Nevertheless, we need to be aware
that these truths are “created” or
constructed by people.
•They can be “changed” through
critical examination/deliberation
among the community.
19. •Truths in this domain needs
corresponding actions that will
establish trust.
•A person who proves to be
consistent with what he
declares about himself is
regarded as AUTHENTIC.
20. SUMMARY:
•Discovering truth is merely the first step toward
exploring knowledge and truth. As we encounter varied
ideas and knowledge in our everyday interactions,
philosophy can help us determine which information
we encounter is believable and acceptable, and which
needs to be examined more closely to determine its
truth.
21. APPLY:
To which domain of truth does each of the following
statement fall? Explain. (Choose only one (1) statement.
Explain your answer to at least five (5) sentences).
1.“In sickness and in health, ‘til death do us part.”
2.Reptiles are cold-blooded.
3.“Don’t talk when your mouth is full.”
Editor's Notes
We assume that truth is simple and have singular meaning.
Reality is superabundantly rich, truth is just as rich
Truth in this sense is related to science because it is the field that delivers knowledge about the natural world.
Ex: truth about water cycle, truth about the constant acceleration of free falling body.
Truth behind them remains the same.
Ex: 1. there are people who condemn others for believing in God…accused them for believing in unverified truths.
2. They were judged to be irrational.
Do you agree with this line of reasoning?
--then we should agree that almost everyone is irrational. (next slide)
Ex: 1. as we grow into the world, we believe that some people love us even if there is no scientific basis for the truth of love.
2. we believe that laws are written for the common good, even if there is no scientific way of defining what is good from what is evil. (next slide)
Does this mean then that we are irrational?
If we are, does this mean that we are not human?
Since it has a relative independence you cannot say what is true to me is true to me. What is true to you is true to you.
For example: typhoon season, waters boiling point. (next slide)
Example: in a chapel for prayer and meditation, we say that maintaining silence is good. But in a basketball game, we say that we should cheer for our team as loudly as we can to keep them motivated. (next slide)
SINCE EMBEDDED BY THE SOCIETY, they are hardly questioned by anyone. (next slide)
When you say to another person, “I am telling the truth” what you usually mean by that statement is that our statements are consistent with our inner thoughts and intentions. A precarious domain because no one has access with our thoughts. (next slide)
