Compiled by S.Rengasamy to introduce the concept of livelihood to MSW students specializing in community development

2. Why an ‘approach’? It’s about trying to see development standing in the shoes of the poor not from the shoes of: the ‘expert’ or the ‘service delivery manager’

4. 'A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base' (Chambers, R. and G. Conway, 1992).

5. Livelihood "A livelihood, on the other hand, is engagement in a number of activities which, at times, neither require a formal agreement nor are limited to a particular trade. Livelihoods may or may not involve money. Jobs invariably do. Livelihoods are self-directing. .... . Livelihoods are based on income derived from "jobs", but also on incomes derived from assets and entitlements. " Job "A job connotes one particular activity or trade that is performed in exchange for payment. It is also a formal agreement, as manifested by a contract, between an employer and employee...... . A job can, however, comprise part of an overall livelihood, but does so only to complement other aspects of a livelihood portfolio.

15. Livelihoods assets Financial Capital Natural Capital Social Capital Physical Capital Human Capital The Poor

17. Sustainable Livelihoods Framework

18. Focussing on the poor The Poor Ethnic Ability Gender Age Class

19. Livelihood Assets Financial Physical Natural Social Human Personal The Poor Gender Age Class Ethnic Ability

20. Unpacking Policies and Institutions Enabling agencies Service providers Financial Physical Natural Social Human Personal The Poor Gender Age Class Ethnic Ability

21. Unpacking “Processes” Markets Politics Culture Rights Enabling agencies Service providers Financial Physical Natural Social Human Personal The Poor Gender Age Class Ethnic Ability

22. An Envelope of Action ASPIRATIONS OPPORTUNITIES Markets Politics Culture Rights Enabling agencies Service providers Financial Physical Natural Social Human Personal The Poor Gender Age Class Ethnic Ability

23. Strong Envelope – People Less Vunerable VULNERABILITY - Shocks Seasonality Trends - VULNERABILITY ASPIRATIONS OPPORTUNITIES Markets Politics Culture Rights Enabling agencies Service providers Financial Physical Natural Social Human Personal The Poor Gender Age Class Ethnic Ability

24. Weak Envelope – People More Vulnerable VULNERABILITY - Shocks Seasonality Trends - VULNERABILITY ASPIRATIONS OPPORTUNITIES Markets Politics Culture Rights Enabling agencies Service providers Financial Physical Natural Social Human Personal The Poor Gender Age Class Ethnic Ability

25. ACTIONS OUTCOMES Markets Politics Culture Rights VULNERABILITY - Shocks Seasonality Trends - VULNERABILITY ASPIRATIONS OPPORTUNITIES Enabling agencies Service providers Financial Physical Natural Social Human Personal The Poor Gender Age Class Ethnic Ability

26. The five Capitals /Assets Land, Water, Wildlife, Biodiversity, Environment, Solar Natural: Transport, Shelter, Water, Energy Built: Networks, Groups, Trust, Access to services Social: Savings, Credit, Remittances, Pensions Financial: Skills, Knowledge, Information, Ability to work, Health Human: Examples Assets/ Capitals

46. Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes “ Vulnerability” Context F P H N S The Poor

48. Policies Institutions Processes Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes Policies, Institutions & Processes F P H N S The Poor influence

51. The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework Policies Institutions Processes Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes Livelihood Strategies Livelihood Outcomes influence N S F P H The Poor

55. How does the SL differ from previous approaches?

56. A Sustainable Livelihoods Framework