SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 20
Online news diversity

Concentration, variety and discursive strategies


Annelise Touboul (Université Lyon 2)
Béatrice Damian-Gaillard (Université Rennes 1)
Stéphanie Pouchot (Haute école de gestion de Genève)

In collaboration with T. Lafouge (Univ. Lyon 1), E. Marty (Univ. Nice), F. Rebillard (Univ. Paris 3) et B. Rieder
(Univ. of Amsterdam)

                                   Colloque international, 18-19 septembre 2012
                           Pluralisme de l’information : état des lieux et nouveaux enjeux
                                        Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3
2



 Context: increase of the actors and
 contents on the web
• New kinds of actors
 • Online news website categories (eg. pure players)
 • Professionnal or amateur speaker


• Greater originality and/or information redundancy?
 (Rebillard, 2006 ; Paterson, 2007)


• Ipri project: Internet, pluralism and redundancy of
 information (ANR-09-JCJC-0125-01b)
3




Ipri: analysing the supplied diversity
• Two levels
 • Quantitative: online agenda-building and news websites specificities
   (Scheufele, 2000)
 • Qualitative: several ways a topic is treated (Anderson et al., 2005 ;
   Czepek et al., 2009).


• Our three criteria to evaluate the online news pluralism:
 • Number of topical subjects
 • Distribution of the items (by topic, media, site category)
 • The differents ways a topic is treated
4


Quantitative analysis: methodological
aspects
• Online agenda: a large-scale study
 • 209 french websites (general and political news)
 • 4 categories
    • Online media
    • Pure players
    • Infomediaries
    • Blogs
 • RSS feeds collection via a dedicated open source software
   IPRI-NA
 • March 7th-17th, 2011
5


Quantitative analysis: methodological
aspects
• Items classification into topics
 • A topic = an event. Primary framing, independently from the way it is
   treated, that corresponds to the secondary framing (Esquenazi, 2002;
   Marty & al. 2010)

• RSS flow treatment
 • Automatic-preprocessing (lexical similarity location, 1/3 corpus)
 • Manual coding (approx. 3500 items per day, 5 days of full time job for a
   single day of data)
 • Reliability: intra- & inter-coders tests, very strong coherence (agreement
   coeff. 96,5 & 92%)
6

                                                                                           Nb of publishing
Corpus March 7th-       Day                     Nb of items           Nb of topics
                                                                                           websites

17th                    Monday, March 7th                     3.418                  593                  143


                        Tuesday, March 8th                    3.496                  625                  145
•199 websites
•5.841 topics           Wednesday, March 9th                  3.552                  670                  141

•37.569 items           Thursday, March 10th                  3.369                  678                  140


                        Friday, March 11th                    4.068                  573                  145
Tōhoku earthquake and
tsunami + Fukushima     Saturday, March 12th                  2.415                  342                  117
nuclear disaster
                        Sunday, March 13th                    2.417                  306                  116


                        Monday, March 14th                    3.527                  534                  152


                        Tuesday, March 15th                   3.757                  562                  141


                        Wednesday, March 16th                 3.723                  556                  144


                        Thursday, March 17th                  3.827                  613                  141
Nombre total d'articles




                                                                                          0
                                                                                                  1000
                                                                                                         2000
                                                                                                                   3000
                                                                                                                                                4000
                                                                                                                                                       5000
                                                                                                                                                              6000
                                                                                                                                                                     7000
                                          Accidents de centrales au Japon et risque nucléaire

                                                                           Conflit en Libye

                                                         Violent séisme au Japon et tsunami
                                  Le débat sur le nucléaire relancé en France et dans le monde

                                 Un sondage Harris donne Marine Le Pen en tête des intentions

                                                              Procès Chirac emplois fictifs

                                                                           Affaire Renault
                                                                    Conflit en Côte d'Ivoire

                                                      La campagne des élections cantonales

                                                    Manifestations et répression au Bahreïn
                                                           Forte hausse du prix de l’essence

                                                           Ligue des champions de football

                                                               Journée de la femme / parité
                                           Polémique autour du débat sur l'islam et la laïcité

                                            Rixe meurtrière et couvre-feu à Asnières-sur-Seine

                                                          Championnat français de football

                                                              Attaque informatique à Bercy
                                     Les candidatures socialistes pour 2012 et la question des

                                                       Brandao accusé d'agression sexuelle

                                                     Manifestations et répression au Yémen
                                             Polémique autour des propos de Chantal Brunel

                                                            Tournoi des 6 nations de rugby

                                                                       Affaire du Médiator
                                 Manifestations, répression et promesses de réforme au Maroc

                                            Conflit à la SNCM et blocage du port de Marseille

                                     Le classement mondial des milliardaires par le magazine

                                                                    Affaire Florence Cassez
                                                                                                                                                                            • An unbalanced online news agenda




                                                         La reprise des expulsions locatives




Les 50 sujets les plus traités
                                      Un forcené armé arrêté dans un foyer à Rosny-sous-Bois

                                  Colonisation accélérée en Cisjordanie et tension accrue avec
                                                 La loi LOPPSI 2 et le Conseil Constitutionnel
                                                                                                                                                                               • Concentration: a few topics widely mediatized




                                                      Constats et débats sur l’IVG en France

                                                               Le baromètre politique IFOP
                                  Les bourses mondiales sous le choc de la situation au Japon

                                          Le projet d'extension de la déchéance de nationalité

                                                  Le dalaï lama renonce à son rôle politique

                                                         RéLigue des champions de football
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Quantitative analysis: results




                                                       Marine Le Pen en visite à Lampedusa

                                                             Attentat meurtrier au Pakistan
                                                                                                                                                                               • Dispertion: a wide range of topics treated by a single item




                                          Intempéries et inondations dans le sud de la France
                                           Le chef militaire présumé de l'ETA arrêté en France

                                                             Le procès du cancer du bitume

                                  Kadhafi aurait financé la campagne électorale de Sarkozy en
                                                 Cheb Mami bientôt en liberté conditionnelle

                                            L'opération d'Eric Abidal pour une tumeur au foie

                                                            Election présidentielle au Niger
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                7




                                                                                                                        2




                                                                   Ligue Europa de football
                                  Le procès de l'incendie de l'immeuble Le procès de l'incendie
                                                                                                                                 y = 6283,4x
                                                                                                                    R = 0,9833




                                                        Révision du procès de Dany Leprince
                                                                                                                                      -1,1119




                                                                           Affaire Guérini
8




 Quantitative analysis: results
• Editorial eclectism vs. originality
  • Topics treated by
  a website
  (infomediaries ↗,
  blogs ↘)
  … put in
  perspective with
  the website
  productivity (nb. of
  subjects /nb. of
  corresponding items)
Items per subject




News websites
                                    9
10




Quantitative analysis: results

• % rare topics (ie. tackled by less than 5 websites)
   • Blogs and pureplayers, often politically engaged and off-
     centered editorial tonality (50 to 90%)
   • Infomediaries, editorial redundancy (<10%)
11


Qualitative analysis: methodological
aspects
• Variety of journalistic writings and editorial statements on the
  web
• The example of a political poll about Marine Le Pen during
  2012 presidential pre-campaign in France
• Full text manual recording and screen shots (8th of march)
• Semio-pragmatic discourse analysis
• Discursive strategies: speech acts, sources, reported speech
 layout (Agnès, 2008; Moirand, 2007)
   • The ways of expressing the editorial statement (Souchier, 1998)
12


Qualitative analysis: methodological aspects
 • 161 items: 3 discourses universes (Iramuteq software,
  Alceste method)
   • Factual report (about 1/3 of the corpus) => infomediairies and online
    medias
     •    Voila Actualité, Orange Actualité, Les Echos, RTL, Le Figaro, Metro, MSN
         Actualité.
   • Comments and controversy (more than a half of the corpus) => blogs
    and pureplayers
     • Marc Vasseur, Le Post, Agoravox, Le Point, CSP, Hashtable, Politis
   • Controversies at the edge (about 14%) => multiplicity of speakers
     • Mediapart, L’Expansion, L’Humanité, Plume de Presse, TF1/LCI...


 • Focus on 20 items
13



Reporting: a misleading neutrality
 • Objectivity: discursive strategy and professionnal
  orientation
   • Focus on the poll (Champagne, 1990; Saitta, 2008)
   • Directly reported quotes
   • Layout of multiple official voices
   • Neutral journalistic voice
 • Giving up the political debate: political consequences
   • “Horse race framing”: politician and strategical aspects of the campain
     (Iyengar, 1991; Reynié, 2011)
   • Marine Le Pen as a legitimate candidate
14



Reporting: a misleading neutrality

• Example:


« Dans l’hypothèse d’une candidature DSK, Nicolas Sarkozy, 3e,
 serait éliminé dès le premier tour. Le coup de tonnerre se répète et
 même s’amplifie: un nouveau sondage à paraître mardi dans Le
 Parisien place de nouveau Marine Le Pen en tête du premier tour
 de la présidentielle dans les trois cas de figures les plus
 probables. » (Le Figaro)
15
16


Commenting the event: being part of the social
debate
• Reflective writing and the scriptor’s (« écrivant ») involvement
  (Barthes, 1964)
   • Writing work
   • Subjective statements / enonciative involvement


• Critical analysis of the news: from controversy to lampoom
    • Controversies (Yanoshevsky, 2003; de Jonge et Nicolas, 2009):
       denunciating, discrediting the actors: pollsters, M. le Pen, and moreover the
       leading politicians
   •  Lampoom (Hastings 2009): indignation, sarcasms and extravagances
  => Clear distinction with professionnal journalistic orientations
  => Conflict between originality and social norms shared by readers and
   peers
17


Commenting the event: being part of the social
debate

« La dynamique du Front national de cette élection semble
démontrer que celle-ci va au-delà de sa seule et historique
influence délétère sur un scrutin. Hénin-Beaumont est une ville
populaire, où la misère sociale a fait son lit sur une crise
économique qui n’a pas commencé à l’été 2007 mais à la fin des
années 70. » (Marc Vasseur)

« Il faut assumer l’état de son pays tel qu’il est. Et si on cherche à
tout prix des coupable de cette situation, allez vous faire voir rue
de Solférino » (CSP)
18




Extend the event : an editorial strategy

• Scoop and journalistic duplication
« Interrogé lundi soir par Mediapart, Jean-Daniel Lévy, directeur du
  Département Opinion, est bien obligé de le reconnaître: pour attirer
  le chaland et le motiver à répondre à son enquête réalisée sur
  internet auprès d’environ 1600 personnes, l’institut a organisé un
  jeu-concours et fait miroiter une récompense de 7000 euros. »
  (Mediapart)
• Controverses, reruns and overstatements
« UMP, FN, même combat : rejeter les migrants à la mer, et pourquoi
  pas couler les bateaux ? » (Plume de Presse)

⇒Interrelations, distribution and inter-quotations
19


Conclusion
• Qualitative: in-depth analysis of one topic treatment
  • Several voices influenced by the production contexts
   • Objectivity: professionnal standard of the mainstream news
   • Subjectivity, involvement: social norms
   • Controversy: shared strategy by different types of sites


• Quantitative: exhaustive analysis of a 11 days offer
  • Variety of topics but unsteadiness
   • Concentration: a large number of items concerning a few topics
   • Vs Dispersion: a multitude of topics treated by a single item
20


     Conclusion
   • Editorial similarities
      • Zone 1: Mainstream
       • Zone 2: Intermediate zone
       • Zone 3: Alternative news




Graph created by B. Rieder using the open-source and free platform Gephi

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Destaque

AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at WorkGetSmarter
 

Destaque (20)

AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
 
ChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slidesChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slides
 
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike RoutesMore than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
 

Online news diversity. Concentration, variety and discursive strategies

  • 1. Online news diversity Concentration, variety and discursive strategies Annelise Touboul (Université Lyon 2) Béatrice Damian-Gaillard (Université Rennes 1) Stéphanie Pouchot (Haute école de gestion de Genève) In collaboration with T. Lafouge (Univ. Lyon 1), E. Marty (Univ. Nice), F. Rebillard (Univ. Paris 3) et B. Rieder (Univ. of Amsterdam) Colloque international, 18-19 septembre 2012 Pluralisme de l’information : état des lieux et nouveaux enjeux Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3
  • 2. 2 Context: increase of the actors and contents on the web • New kinds of actors • Online news website categories (eg. pure players) • Professionnal or amateur speaker • Greater originality and/or information redundancy? (Rebillard, 2006 ; Paterson, 2007) • Ipri project: Internet, pluralism and redundancy of information (ANR-09-JCJC-0125-01b)
  • 3. 3 Ipri: analysing the supplied diversity • Two levels • Quantitative: online agenda-building and news websites specificities (Scheufele, 2000) • Qualitative: several ways a topic is treated (Anderson et al., 2005 ; Czepek et al., 2009). • Our three criteria to evaluate the online news pluralism: • Number of topical subjects • Distribution of the items (by topic, media, site category) • The differents ways a topic is treated
  • 4. 4 Quantitative analysis: methodological aspects • Online agenda: a large-scale study • 209 french websites (general and political news) • 4 categories • Online media • Pure players • Infomediaries • Blogs • RSS feeds collection via a dedicated open source software IPRI-NA • March 7th-17th, 2011
  • 5. 5 Quantitative analysis: methodological aspects • Items classification into topics • A topic = an event. Primary framing, independently from the way it is treated, that corresponds to the secondary framing (Esquenazi, 2002; Marty & al. 2010) • RSS flow treatment • Automatic-preprocessing (lexical similarity location, 1/3 corpus) • Manual coding (approx. 3500 items per day, 5 days of full time job for a single day of data) • Reliability: intra- & inter-coders tests, very strong coherence (agreement coeff. 96,5 & 92%)
  • 6. 6 Nb of publishing Corpus March 7th- Day Nb of items Nb of topics websites 17th Monday, March 7th 3.418 593 143 Tuesday, March 8th 3.496 625 145 •199 websites •5.841 topics Wednesday, March 9th 3.552 670 141 •37.569 items Thursday, March 10th 3.369 678 140 Friday, March 11th 4.068 573 145 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami + Fukushima Saturday, March 12th 2.415 342 117 nuclear disaster Sunday, March 13th 2.417 306 116 Monday, March 14th 3.527 534 152 Tuesday, March 15th 3.757 562 141 Wednesday, March 16th 3.723 556 144 Thursday, March 17th 3.827 613 141
  • 7. Nombre total d'articles 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Accidents de centrales au Japon et risque nucléaire Conflit en Libye Violent séisme au Japon et tsunami Le débat sur le nucléaire relancé en France et dans le monde Un sondage Harris donne Marine Le Pen en tête des intentions Procès Chirac emplois fictifs Affaire Renault Conflit en Côte d'Ivoire La campagne des élections cantonales Manifestations et répression au Bahreïn Forte hausse du prix de l’essence Ligue des champions de football Journée de la femme / parité Polémique autour du débat sur l'islam et la laïcité Rixe meurtrière et couvre-feu à Asnières-sur-Seine Championnat français de football Attaque informatique à Bercy Les candidatures socialistes pour 2012 et la question des Brandao accusé d'agression sexuelle Manifestations et répression au Yémen Polémique autour des propos de Chantal Brunel Tournoi des 6 nations de rugby Affaire du Médiator Manifestations, répression et promesses de réforme au Maroc Conflit à la SNCM et blocage du port de Marseille Le classement mondial des milliardaires par le magazine Affaire Florence Cassez • An unbalanced online news agenda La reprise des expulsions locatives Les 50 sujets les plus traités Un forcené armé arrêté dans un foyer à Rosny-sous-Bois Colonisation accélérée en Cisjordanie et tension accrue avec La loi LOPPSI 2 et le Conseil Constitutionnel • Concentration: a few topics widely mediatized Constats et débats sur l’IVG en France Le baromètre politique IFOP Les bourses mondiales sous le choc de la situation au Japon Le projet d'extension de la déchéance de nationalité Le dalaï lama renonce à son rôle politique RéLigue des champions de football Quantitative analysis: results Marine Le Pen en visite à Lampedusa Attentat meurtrier au Pakistan • Dispertion: a wide range of topics treated by a single item Intempéries et inondations dans le sud de la France Le chef militaire présumé de l'ETA arrêté en France Le procès du cancer du bitume Kadhafi aurait financé la campagne électorale de Sarkozy en Cheb Mami bientôt en liberté conditionnelle L'opération d'Eric Abidal pour une tumeur au foie Election présidentielle au Niger 7 2 Ligue Europa de football Le procès de l'incendie de l'immeuble Le procès de l'incendie y = 6283,4x R = 0,9833 Révision du procès de Dany Leprince -1,1119 Affaire Guérini
  • 8. 8 Quantitative analysis: results • Editorial eclectism vs. originality • Topics treated by a website (infomediaries ↗, blogs ↘) … put in perspective with the website productivity (nb. of subjects /nb. of corresponding items)
  • 10. 10 Quantitative analysis: results • % rare topics (ie. tackled by less than 5 websites) • Blogs and pureplayers, often politically engaged and off- centered editorial tonality (50 to 90%) • Infomediaries, editorial redundancy (<10%)
  • 11. 11 Qualitative analysis: methodological aspects • Variety of journalistic writings and editorial statements on the web • The example of a political poll about Marine Le Pen during 2012 presidential pre-campaign in France • Full text manual recording and screen shots (8th of march) • Semio-pragmatic discourse analysis • Discursive strategies: speech acts, sources, reported speech layout (Agnès, 2008; Moirand, 2007) • The ways of expressing the editorial statement (Souchier, 1998)
  • 12. 12 Qualitative analysis: methodological aspects • 161 items: 3 discourses universes (Iramuteq software, Alceste method) • Factual report (about 1/3 of the corpus) => infomediairies and online medias • Voila Actualité, Orange Actualité, Les Echos, RTL, Le Figaro, Metro, MSN Actualité. • Comments and controversy (more than a half of the corpus) => blogs and pureplayers • Marc Vasseur, Le Post, Agoravox, Le Point, CSP, Hashtable, Politis • Controversies at the edge (about 14%) => multiplicity of speakers • Mediapart, L’Expansion, L’Humanité, Plume de Presse, TF1/LCI... • Focus on 20 items
  • 13. 13 Reporting: a misleading neutrality • Objectivity: discursive strategy and professionnal orientation • Focus on the poll (Champagne, 1990; Saitta, 2008) • Directly reported quotes • Layout of multiple official voices • Neutral journalistic voice • Giving up the political debate: political consequences • “Horse race framing”: politician and strategical aspects of the campain (Iyengar, 1991; Reynié, 2011) • Marine Le Pen as a legitimate candidate
  • 14. 14 Reporting: a misleading neutrality • Example: « Dans l’hypothèse d’une candidature DSK, Nicolas Sarkozy, 3e, serait éliminé dès le premier tour. Le coup de tonnerre se répète et même s’amplifie: un nouveau sondage à paraître mardi dans Le Parisien place de nouveau Marine Le Pen en tête du premier tour de la présidentielle dans les trois cas de figures les plus probables. » (Le Figaro)
  • 15. 15
  • 16. 16 Commenting the event: being part of the social debate • Reflective writing and the scriptor’s (« écrivant ») involvement (Barthes, 1964) • Writing work • Subjective statements / enonciative involvement • Critical analysis of the news: from controversy to lampoom • Controversies (Yanoshevsky, 2003; de Jonge et Nicolas, 2009): denunciating, discrediting the actors: pollsters, M. le Pen, and moreover the leading politicians • Lampoom (Hastings 2009): indignation, sarcasms and extravagances => Clear distinction with professionnal journalistic orientations => Conflict between originality and social norms shared by readers and peers
  • 17. 17 Commenting the event: being part of the social debate « La dynamique du Front national de cette élection semble démontrer que celle-ci va au-delà de sa seule et historique influence délétère sur un scrutin. Hénin-Beaumont est une ville populaire, où la misère sociale a fait son lit sur une crise économique qui n’a pas commencé à l’été 2007 mais à la fin des années 70. » (Marc Vasseur) « Il faut assumer l’état de son pays tel qu’il est. Et si on cherche à tout prix des coupable de cette situation, allez vous faire voir rue de Solférino » (CSP)
  • 18. 18 Extend the event : an editorial strategy • Scoop and journalistic duplication « Interrogé lundi soir par Mediapart, Jean-Daniel Lévy, directeur du Département Opinion, est bien obligé de le reconnaître: pour attirer le chaland et le motiver à répondre à son enquête réalisée sur internet auprès d’environ 1600 personnes, l’institut a organisé un jeu-concours et fait miroiter une récompense de 7000 euros. » (Mediapart) • Controverses, reruns and overstatements « UMP, FN, même combat : rejeter les migrants à la mer, et pourquoi pas couler les bateaux ? » (Plume de Presse) ⇒Interrelations, distribution and inter-quotations
  • 19. 19 Conclusion • Qualitative: in-depth analysis of one topic treatment • Several voices influenced by the production contexts • Objectivity: professionnal standard of the mainstream news • Subjectivity, involvement: social norms • Controversy: shared strategy by different types of sites • Quantitative: exhaustive analysis of a 11 days offer • Variety of topics but unsteadiness • Concentration: a large number of items concerning a few topics • Vs Dispersion: a multitude of topics treated by a single item
  • 20. 20 Conclusion • Editorial similarities • Zone 1: Mainstream • Zone 2: Intermediate zone • Zone 3: Alternative news Graph created by B. Rieder using the open-source and free platform Gephi

Notas do Editor

  1. Textes longs, structurés, figures de style, argumentation (nombreux connecteurs logique, développement d ’ explications, d ’ analyses historiques, théroriques), interpellation directe du lecteur, et progression de l ’ intensité dramatique du propos (souvent dénonciation, risques etc…) Emploi du « je », « nous » (rédaction Politis) + prise de position explicite, souvent militante, responsabilité autoriale (Foucault) =&gt; signature et personnalisation des pages Polémique : guerre de mots, joute verbale recherche de la disqualification de l ’ autre, dimension monstrative (recherche d ’ appui ext =&gt; média support privilégié) MAIS s ’inscrit dans le principe du débat Posture pamphlétaire : héritage du XIX, un « geste antirhétorique », refus du débat et de l ’interaction ≠polémique = stratégie assumée. ethos fait d’irréductibilité, d’héroïsme, de solitude et d’indignation (tout est permis : grossièreté et iconographie dégradante)
  2. Textes longs, structurés
  3. Scoop =&gt; Mediapart et rémunération des sondés Propos controversés =&gt; immigrés dans les bateaux