Current Environmental Challenges and Corresponding solution and policy

1. Current Environmental Challenges
and Corresponding solution
Presented by :-
Sourabh Tailor

2. Is the country's economic growth
environmentally sustainable?
• Global population swelling and industrialization on the rise in
developing nations.
• Humanity’s hunger for energy has reached unprecedented
levels
• There are issues around who builds that and who pays for that.
• Energy has both positive and negative impacts on societies
• How will we meet this growing demand without dooming our
ice caps?
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3. Energy and environment Challenges
• Climate change
• Pollution
• Deforestation
• Water scarcity or Hydric stress
• Loss of bio diversity
• Lack of political will to enforce environmental regulations
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5. Climate change
• The main cause for the climate change is GHG(Green
house Gas emission).
• The causes of climate change are mostly owing to the
large amounts of fossil and coal based energy
production, which also release toxics emissions like
mercury, sulphur dioxide and other deadly chemicals.
• Petroleum based vehicles and Coal based power
plants are major sources for emissions.
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6. Impact of climate change
• Climate change is impacting the natural ecosystems
and is expected to have substantial adverse effects in
India mainly on agriculture.
• Perhaps more extreme weather events such
as droughts, wildfires, heat waves and flooding.
• Unusual and unprecedented spells of hot weather.
• Falling ground water table levels.
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7. Solution for climate change
• The National Action Plan for Climate Change
(NAPCC) is released in 2008 for the climate
change .
• Policies and program aimed to addressing
adaption and mitigation in the face of expected
climate change.
• Certified home energy audits.
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8. National Action Plan for Climate
Change (2008)
• Increase the use of clean coal technology:-
• Increasing clean and renewable power in India’s
power mix.
• Lowering the electricity consumption and
appliances.
Govt. initiated by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE). ,
including the Bachat Lamp Yojana to promote compact
fluorescent lighting.
• Increase fuel efficiency in road transport.
• Increase energy efficiency in steel plant
• Expanding the forest cover.
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10. Environmental Pollution
• Environmental pollution consists of six basic types of pollution, i.e
Air, Water, Land, Soil, Noise, And Light.
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The environment will continue to deteriorate until pollution
practices are abandoned.
~ B. F. Skinner
Pollution is the contamination of the environment by introduction
of contaminants that can cause damage to environment and harm
or discomfort to humans or other living species.

11. Environmental Pollution
• Air polluting and climate change are closely linked, as the
same greenhouse gas emissions that are warming the planet
are also creating smoggy conditions in major cities that
endanger public health.
• Indian cities are overflowing with urban waste, both toxic as
well as household, their rivers are polluted with sewage and
industrial effluents, and there are several reports which show
the contamination of fresh vegetables by heavy metals from
dirty irrigation water.
• According to the Natural Resources Defence Council, dirty
water is the world’s biggest health risk.
• Soil contamination is a major issue across the world.
• Soil pollution threatens food security and poses health risks to
the local population.
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Causes & Effects of Environmental Pollution
 Pollution from cars, trucks, and other vehicles
 Fossil fuel emissions from power plants
 Water pollution is a major issue.
 Ozone layer around the Earth has become depleted
 Electromagnetic radiation
 Clear cutting of forests.
 Pollen has increased
 Radioactive waste
 Global temperature has risen
 Waste Disposal

13. Impact of Environmental Pollution
• "Environmental pollution, degradation of natural resources,
inadequate environmental services, such as
– poor quality water supply,
– lack of sanitation,
• Impose severe costs to society in the form of ill health,
lost income, and increased poverty and vulnerability.
• A significant portion of such diseases affects children
younger than five years of age, attributing 22 percent of
child mortality in the country to environmental
degradation.
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14. Solutions to Environmental Pollution
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 Electric and hybrid vehicles and public transportation systems
 Ecologically friendly power technologies being built every
day
 Solar power is a fantastic solution
 Wind power is coming into play
 Electromagnetic radiation (ER) reduction.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
 EPA is measuring air pollution and implementing regulatory
procedures for vehicle emissions
 They also monitor pollen issues and, with the help of the
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), they implement solutions
to reduce pollen in the air.

15. Solution of Environmental Pollution
• India's environmental protection thrust started as early as 1972, by
Prime Minister Indra Gandhi addressed the first United Nations
Conference on Human Environment, held in Stockholm.
• This commitment soon translated into the Water (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act 1974, under which an empowered
regulatory infrastructure was set up.
• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act followed in 1981.
• The environment really escalated after 1990, when India liberalized
its economy, moving from a socialist to a market based one.
• The first time in 2006, a comprehensive National Environmental
Policy was formulated, largely to try and balance development and
environmental protection needs.
• In 2010/11 there was an attempt by the then Minister of the
Environment Jairam Ramesh to initiate an institutionally
independent regulator. 15

16. • India is a rare country where the judiciary has played a stellar role
in protecting the environment, going to the extent of reading
environmental pollution as amounting to a violation of Article 21
(Right to Life) of the Constitution of India.
• A National Green Tribunal with five specially empowered
environmental courts have been set up in different parts of the
country.
• India's ability to manage emissions and wastes from industry,
vehicles, specific sectors like hospitals, and households.
• Pollution from here contaminates water systems, rivers, and
ground sites like landfills, industrial areas, and the air.
• This is the main task of the State level regulatory bodies.
• The ineffectiveness of these regulators, the mismanagement of
funds earmarked for these purposes, both from underuse and
incorrect reporting and the diversion of funds has added to the
dismal situation.
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Solution of Environmental Pollution

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18. Deforestation
• Forests are important to mitigating climate change because they serve as
“carbon sinks”.
• Cutting down trees also threatens animals and humans who rely on healthy
forests to sustain themselves, and the loss of tropical rainforests is
particularly concerning because around 80 percent of the world’s species
reside in these areas.
• About 17 percent of the Amazon rainforest has been cut down in the past
50 years to make way for cattle ranching.
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19. Solution of Deforestation
• Intensification of forest management and creation of
compensatory plantations of fast-growing species that can
provide an alternative to continued exploitation of natural
forests
• A vigorous forest-conservation policy that will set aside
substantial areas of the remaining tropical forests as ecological
reserves to be protected from all forms of encroachment.
• The National Forest Policy, released in 1989, aspires to bring
33% of India under forest cover.
• Other programs for enhancing cover include the National
Forest Action Plan and Joint Afforestation Program.
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21. Loss of bio diversity
• Increasing human encroachment on wildlife
habitats is causing a rapid loss of biodiversity that
threatens food security, population health and
world stability.
• Climate change is also a major contributor to
biodiversity loss, as some species aren’t able to
adapt to changing temperatures.
• According to the World Wildlife Fund’s Living
Planet Index, biodiversity has declined 27
percent in the last 35 years.
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22. Solution of Loss of bio diversity
• The Central Government has enacted the Wild Life
(Protection) Act, 1972.
• Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules
2010 have been framed for the protection of wetlands, in the
States.
• The Centrally Sponsored Scheme of National Plan for
Conservation of Aquatic Eco-System main objective is
holistic conservation and restoration of lakes and wetlands.
• Wildlife Crime Control Bureau has been established for
control of illegal trade in wildlife, including endangered
species.
• The Centrally Sponsored Scheme ‘Integrated
Development of Wildlife Habitats‘.
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23. Acts and Policies
S.No Energy and environment
Challenges
Acts and Policies
1. Climate change 1. National Action Plan for Climate Change (2008)
2. Environmental pollution 1. National Environmental Policy
2. Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974
3. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981
3. Deforestation 1. Indian Forests Act 1927
2. Forest Conservation Act 1980
3. Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest
dwellers (recognition of rights) act 2006
4. National Forest policy
4. Bio Diversity 1. National Environment Policy (2006).
2. National Biodiversity Action Plan (2009).
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24. The question is
Is this all enough?
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25. Lack of political will to enforce
environmental regulations
• One of the main reasons for this is that the there is no
independent regulatory body for environmental
governance.
• Mainly due to the absence of political will and public
awareness.
• Most of our environmental laws are human-centric.
• There is lack of independence given to the central and
the state boards who still have to depend on the state
and the central government for the appointment.
• There is also a lack of funds to the Pollution Control
Boards and they don’t even have proper infrastructure
or laboratories.
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26. References
1. Milind Kandlikar , Ambuj Sagar ; Climate change research and analysis
in India: an integrated assessment of a South–North divide ; july 1999
2. Yogesh Chandra Tripathi ; Some Important Environmental Problems in
India and Their Remedies; January 2003
3. Ramakrishna B. M , Jayasheela ; Environmental Problems and Sustainable
Development: With Special Reference to India Issues and Challenges ;
April 2010
4. https://inhabitat.com/top-6-environmental-issues-for-earth-day-and-what-
you-can-do-to-solve-them/
5. http://toxicslink.org/?q=article/indias-pollution-challenges
6. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/energy
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