A PRESENTATION ON SHIPPING TRADE TYPES TRAMP AND LINER SHIPPING AND ITS FEATURES AND IMPACT IN GLOBAL SHIPPING WITH EXAMPLES OF ITS TRADE ROUTE AND CHARACTERISTICS

1. TYPES OF SHIPPING
TRADE TRAMP& LINER
SOURABH.K
MBA (PORT & SHIPPING MANAGEMENT)
INDIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY KOCHI CAMPUS
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2. TYPES OF TRADE
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3. TRAMP TRADE
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4. TRAMP
• The tramp ship is one that is hired like a taxi or leased auto.
That is, it is a bulk or tank ship that is hired on a voyage or time
basis.
• On a voyage basis, a U.S. exporter of grain will seek a tramp
ship that will become empty at a desired U.S. port. It will then
be hired for one-way movement to a foreign port. Port fees, a
daily operating rate and demurrage, will be part of the charter
contract.
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5. TRAMP
• shipping service where carriers contract to haul cargo in
shipload lots between ports designated by charterer.
• Tramp ships provide convenient, timely & economic
transportation for many goods needed in a complex industrial
society
• It serves
• In established trades (i.e., grain from US, Canada, Argentina & Australia to
N. Europe, Med, Africa, Japan & S. Asia
• On new routes to alleviate temporary critical shortages
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6. TRAMP
• Moves 4.5 billion tons of basic agricultural, forestry, mining
products & manufactured raw materials (steel, cement, etc)
world-wide
• Depends on a global network of brokers, agents &
representatives to market services, and procure & contract
cargoes
• Smaller general purpose Tramps face fierce competition from
• Larger bulkers: 30-50,000 DWT “Handi-Max” & very large (100-159,000
DWT) special purpose, ore carriers
• Container ships
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7. TRAMP
• STILL (1996): 50% of all dry-bulk ships & 20% of all dry-bulk
cargo carried by 10-30,000 DWT vessels to service
• Cargoes that cannot be placed in containers
• Transportation of small (10-15,000 T) lots
• Shallow depth ports and/or
• Ports with low to moderate facilities requiring self-unloading
vessels
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8. CHARTERING
• CHARTER-The hiring of a vessel for either:
• a specified period of time or
• a specific voyage or set of voyages.
A chartered vessel is technically a private carrier which predominates
in tramp trade, but liner companies often charter vessels or lease
vessels to charter depending on cargo demand
• CHARTERER- The entity hiring the vessel from the shipowner.
• CHARTER-PARTY-The contract between the owner and the
charterer, stipulating in detail each party’s responsibilities in the
transaction.
Charta Partita is Latin for a “letter divided.”
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9. LINER TRADE
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11. LINER SHIPPING
• Liner shipping is the service of transporting goods by means of
high-capacity, ocean-going ships that transit regular routes on
fixed schedules.
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12. ABOUT LINER SHIPPING
• Transportation by sea in the early days was done by sailing
ships, which depended on wind and weather.
• There are approximately 400 liner services in operation today,
• Most providing weekly departures from all the ports that each
service calls.
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13. ADVANTAGES OF LINER SERVICE
• Regularities of sailing to scheduled
• Uniform rates for all shippers
• Cover wide range of ports
• Sometimes give rebates based on
loyalty agreements
• Stable freight rates
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14. IMPACT OF LINER SHIPPING
• Positive:
• Lowering of Costs
• Increases in Availability
• Economic Growth
• Large Loads
• Global Economic Engine Negative:
• Time
• Environmental Costs
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15. LINER SERVICE EXAMPLE INDAMEX
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16. INDAMEX
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17. INDAMEX
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18. TOP GUNS
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19. • 1. A.P. Moller–Maersk Group
• TEU: 3,012,172
HQ: Copenhagen Denamrk
Founded: 1904
Revenue: $40.3 Billion (USD)
Employees: 89,000
• Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. (MSC)
• TEU: 2,659,489
HQ: Geneva, Switzerland
Founded: 1970
Revenue: $28.2 Billion (USD)
Employees: 24,000
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20. • 3. CMA CGM Group
• TEU: 1,799,291
HQ: Marseille, France
Founded: 1978
Revenue: $15.7 Billion (USD)
Employees: 22,000
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