The heart acts as a pump that circulates oxygen and nutrient carrying blood around the body in order to keep it functioning. When the body is exerted the rate at which the heart beats will vary proportional to the amount of effort being exerted. By detecting the voltage created by the beating of the heart, its rate can be easily observed and used for a number of health purposes. Heart pounds to pump oxygen-rich blood to your muscles and to carry cell waste products away from your muscles. The heart rate gives a good indication during exercise routines of how effective that routine is improving your health.

1. Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
RV College of Engineering
Mysore Road, RV Vidyaniketan Post, Bengaluru- 560059
04/02/2018 1Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
Evaluated by:-
Dr. S C Prasanna Kumar
Dr. K B Ramesh
Prof. Deepashree
Prof. Kendaganna Swamy
Prof. Sandesh RS
SOUNDARYA S 1RV17EI411
NAMITHA SHAH 1RV16EI064
RAM PRASAD K S 1RV17EI409
NIKHIL J V 1RV17EI407
HEART RATE MONITORING SYSTEM USING FINGER TIP
THROUGH ARDUINO AND PROCESSING SOFTWARE

2. INTRODUCTION
• A heart rate monitor is a personal monitoring device that allows a subject to measure their heart
rate in real-time. Early models consisted of a monitoring box with a set of electrode leads that
attached to the chest. The heart rate of a healthy adult at rest is around 72 beats per minute
(bpm) & Babies at around 120 bpm, while older children have heart rates at around 90 bpm.
• The heart rate rises gradually during exercises and returns slowly to the rest value after exercise.
The rate when the pulse returns to normal is an indication of the fitness of the person. Lower
than normal heart rates are usually an indication of a condition known as bradycardia, while
higher is known as tachycardia. Heart rate is simply measured by placing the thumb over the
subject’s arterial pulsation, and feeling, timing and counting the pulses usually in a 30 second
period. Heart rate (bpm) of the subject is then found by multiplying the obtained number by 2.
This method although simple, is not accurate and can give errors when the rate is high. More
sophisticated methods to measure the heart rate utilize electronic techniques. Electro-
cardiogram (ECG) is one of frequently used method for measuring the heart rate. But it is an
expensive device. Low-cost devices in the form of wrist watches are also available for the
instantaneous measurement of the heart rate. Such devices can give accurate measurements
but their cost is usually in excess of several hundred dollars, making them uneconomical. So this
heart rate monitor with a temperature sensor is definitely a useful instrument in knowing the
pulse and the temperature of the subject or the patient.
04/02/2018 3Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

3. MOTIVATION
04/02/2018 3Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
More than 2 million people are at high risk of having heart attack.
It would be helpful if there was a way for these people to monitor their heart.
So we have a problem. That is the way our project focus on how we can utilize this
problem and find a solution.

4. LITERATURE SURVEY
PAPER DETECTION METHODOLOGY ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Chaya Khandelwal S. and Manish Patil
M., Implementation of Patient
Monitoring System Using GSM
Technology, International Journal of
Electronics and Communication
technology ,4(1) 18-24 (2013)
Implementation of GSM Based Heart Rate and
Temperature Monitoring System
• This is the easy way of
measuring heart rate.
• This exhibit our body
temperature.
When a problem occurs, sometimes it
is difficult to tell what causes the
problem.
2017 International conference of
Electronics, Communication and
Aerospace Technology (ICECA) T. S.
Arulananth Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering, MLR
Institute of technology, Dundigal,
Hyderabad, India
Fingertip based heart beat monitoring system
using embedded systems
• highly reliable.
• It has fast operation.
The embedded systems are hard for
maintenance as it is use and throw
device.
International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-
ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 |
Mar-2018 www.irjet.net
Heart Rate Monitoring System Using Finger Tip
through IOT
• Pulse Sensor to any organ of
body where it can detect the
pulse easily like finger, ears etc.
It always requires internet.
Journal of Theoretical and Applied
Information Technology
30th April 2014. Vol. 62 No.3
© 2005 - 2014 JATIT & LLS.
A Microcontroller-based Automatic Heart Rate
Counting System From Fingertip
• The device is portable, durable,
flexible, reliable and cost
effective.
It is generally used in micro equipment
International Journal of
Advanced Engineering Research and
Science. Vikramsingh R. Parihar, Akesh
Y. Tonge, Pooja D. Ganorkar
Heartbeat and Temperature Monitoring System
for Remote Patients using Arduino
• This is highly reliable.
Less expensive
This design is complex
04/02/2018 5Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

5. METHODOLOGY
04/02/2018 9Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
Circuit description
The full circuit has been constructed in three steps:
external biasing circuit.
first stage signal conditioning circuit, and second stage signal
conditioning circuit.
In this project the circuit has been integrated with an Arduino board
and processing software.

6. 20-11-2018 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 6

7. MCP602 Opamp
20-11-2018 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 7
• The MCP602 dual operational amplifier (op amp) has a gain
bandwidth product of 2.8 MHz with low typical operating
current of 230 uA and an offset voltage that is less than 2 mV.
• The MCP602 uses Microchip’s advanced CMOS technology,
which provides low bias current, high-speed operation, high
open-loop gain and rail-to-rail output swing. It operates with a
single supply voltage that can be as low as 2.7V, while drawing
less than 325 of quiescent current per amplifier.
• It is available in standard 8-lead PDIP, SOIC and TSSOP packages.
• This amplifier is ideal for industrial process control, low-power
battery- operated devices, portable equipment, data acquisition
equipment, test equipment and low-end audio applications.

8. ARDUINO Hardware
20-11-2018 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 8
The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB
connection or with an external power supply. The power
source is selected automatically [4]. The Arduino Uno is a
microcontroller board based on the ATmega328, which External
(non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter
(wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by
plugging a 2.1mm centre-positive plug into the board's power
jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin
pin headers of the POWER connector.

9. Atmega328
20-11-2018 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 9
Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage(recommended) 7-12V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6
Provide PWM
Output)
Analog Input Pins 6
SRAM 2 KB
(ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB
(ATmega328)
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
Features:

10. The ATmega328 is a single-chip microcontroller created by Atmel in
the megaAVR family.
The Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines
32 kB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities,
1 kB EEPROM, 2 kB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general
purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare
modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a
byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-
bit A/D converter (8-channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages),
programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and five
software selectable power saving modes. The device operates between
1.8-5.5 volts. The device achieves throughput approaching 1 MIPS per
MHz.
20-11-2018 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 10

11. Working of IR sensor
20-11-2018 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 11
An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as
detects the motion. These types of sensors measures
only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a
passive IR sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the
objects radiate some form of thermal radiations.

12. BLOCK DIAGRAM
04/02/2018 9Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
Arduino uno
Board(ATmega328)
Power
supply
Output
Display
Electrical
circuit
for IR
detector
Heart
Beat
Sensor

13. APPLICATIONS
• This heart beat monitoring system is used in medical camp, NCC
camp, NSS camp, sports(swimming, running, exercise, cycling,… )
ext…,
• It is used in military.
• This system is used in Industries, Hospital, Diagnostic centre.
• This system is used in Home, working place, collage, police training.
04/02/2018 9Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

14. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
04/02/2018 9Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
analogue signals of heart rate acquired by the sensor through finger.
The system was used to measure the heartbeat rate of a number of
male and female volunteers. The results of the developed system
compared with a conventional measuring method. These results
show acceptable range compare to manual measurement. Another
experiment was conducted where we measured the beat rate of
two male volunteers at rest. The volunteers then performed some
exercise (jogging) for five minutes and their heartbeat rate was
subsequently measured. The readings of the device were compared
against the manual measurement. The manual measuring data were
taken by counting the pulse from the wrist. Overall, the results are
in an acceptable agreement with the actual readings.

15. Conclusion
In this project, the design and development of a Arduino-based real-
time processing heart rate counting system has been presented. The
device is portable, durable, flexible, reliable and cost effective. Also, it is
efficient, easily estimable data and easy-to-use for the end user.
Experimental results have shown acceptable range with actual
heartbeat rates. Finally, this handheld system has proven to be an
excellent heart rate counting system for the end user.
20-11-2018 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 15

16.  Matina Kiourexidou , Konstantinos Natsis , Panagiotis Bamidis , Nikos Antonopoulos , Efthymia
Papathanasiou , Markos Sgantzos , Andreas Veglis “Augmented Reality for the Study of Human Heart
Anatomy” International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering 2015.
 Souvik Das “The Development of a Microcontroller Based Low Cost Heart Rate Counter for Health Care
Systems” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue2- 2013.
 Embedded Lab. Introducing Easy Pulse: A DIY photoplethysmographic sensor for measuring heart rate.
http://embedded-lab.com/blog/?p=5508, 2012.
 Sankar Kumar S, Gayathri N , Nivedhitha D , Priyanka A S “A Cost effective Arduino Module for Bed- ridden
patient’s Respiratory Monitor and Control” International Journal of advanced research trends in engineering
and technology (IJARTET) VOL. II, SPECIAL ISSUE XXI, MARCH 2015.
 Ch.Sandeep Kumar Subudhi,’Intelligent Wireless Patient Monitoring and Tracking System (Using Sensor
Network and Wireless Communication)”,2014.
 Bhagya Lakshmi.J.M1 Hariharan.R2 Udaya Sri.C3
 Nandhini Devi.P4 Sowmiya.N “Heart Beat Detector using Infrared Pulse Sensor” IJSRD - International
Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 09, 2015.
 Nazmus Saquib, Md. Tarikul Islam Papon, Ishtiyaque Ahmad, and Ashikur Rahman “Measurement of
Heart Rate Using Photoplethysmography” .
 Embedded Lab. PC-based heart rate monitor using Arduino and Easy Pulse sensor. http://embedded-
lab.com/blog/?p=7485, 2013.
•04/02/2018 10Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
REFERENCES

17. 20-11-2018 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 17
 R. Raj and S.J. Jothi. Estimation of Heart Rate from Photoplethysmographic Signal Using SVR Method. The
International Journal of Science & Technoledge, Volume2, Issue 2, 2014.
 Hashem et al., ―Design and Development of a Heart Rate Measuring Device using Fingertip‖, IEEE International
Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE), ISBN: 978-1-4244-6235-3, 2010.
 Embedded Lab”Arduino measures heart beat rate from fingertip”
 Sagar C. Chhatrala, 2Mitul R. Khandhedia” Ubiquitous Physiological Monitoring of SPO2& Heart Rate” International
Journal for Research in Technological Studies Vol. 1, Issue 2, January 2014
 Ufoaroh S.U , Oranugo C.O, Uchechukwu M.E “Heartbeat monitoring &alert system using GSM technology”
International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3, Issue 4, July- August, 2015
 D. Ibrahim and K. Buruncuk, "Heart Rate Measurement from the Finger Using a Low-Cost Microcontroller," Near East
University, Faculty Of Engineering, TRN, 2005.
 V. K. Yeragani, et al., "Heart rate and QT interval variability: abnormal alpha-2 adrenergic function in patients with
panic disorder," Psychiatry research, vol. 121, pp. 185-196, 2003.
 J. M. Dekker, et al., "Low heart rate variability in a 2-minute rhythm strip predicts risk of coronary heart disease and
mortality from several causes The ARIC Study," Circulation, vol. 102, pp. 1239-1244, 2000.

18. Link to the Individual Subjects
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Subject Name Linkage in the self study work proposed
Digital Signal Processing and Applications Header file of firFilter using in arduino code
VLSI Technology The MCP602 uses Microchip’s advanced CMOS technology,
IR sensor,
MEMS/BMI/COA
Heart rate pulses from human