1.
5.6 BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

2.
AIM
a. Computer terminology
- CPU, ALU, IC and control unit
- Software and hardware
- Bit and byte
- Memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM
b. Computer technology in aircraft systems

3.
AIRPLANE COMPUTER
• What computer can do :
– To detect fault
– To monitor aircraft performance
– To help pilot do their work
– Aircraft does not overstress through excessive
control
– Aircraft can be operate efficiently

4.
DEFINITION
• Electronic device
• Accept and process data by carrying out of set
of store instructions in sequence.
• Using mathematical and logic operation is
know as PROGRAM.

5.
DIGITAL COMPUTER
CPU /
INPUT PROCESSOR
OUTPUT

6.
INPUT DEVICE
• Keyboard
• Keypad
• Pointing Devices
• Touch pad
• Mouse
• Joysticks
• Paddle
• Microphone

7.
OUTPUT DEVICE
• CRT monitor (cathod ray tube)
• LCD monitor (liquid crystal display)
• LED monitor (light emiting diode)
• Sound Output
• Light
• Aircraft Control Surface
• Printer

8.
HARDWARE
• Physical parts of a computer.
• Internal hardware device include motherboards,
• Hard drives and graphic card, RAM, etc.
• External hardware devices include monitors,
keyboards, mouse, printers, etc.
• Internal hardware called components, external
hardware devices called peripherals.

9.
SOFTWARE
• Software cannot be touch
• Provides the instructions to hardware or serve
as input to another software.
• Can be programs, procedures, algorithms and
its documentation.
• Binary number as a language.
• Type of software : System software &
Application software

10.
CPU/PROCESSORS
• Brain of computer
• To process data
• Microprocessor is a central processing
unit (CPU) that fits on one microchip.
• Fabricated by silicon.
• Small zap of high voltage current (static
electricity) can destroy the chip.

11.
COMPUTER
CONTROL
ARITHMETIC
INPUT MEMORY OUTPUT
CENTRAL PROCESSOR UNIT (CPU)

12.
CONTROL UNIT
• Responsible for overall action of computer to
perform correct sequence and at the right
time.
• Determine by software.
• Will control the timing and electronic
switching throughout the computer by clock
(synchronous operation).

13.
ALU – ARITHMATIC LOGIC UNIT
• Perform mathematic and basic logical
operations.
• Required power processor to perform variable
task of division, multiplication, fixed and
floating point arithmetic and employ parallel
operation for high speed.

14.
Simple example of ALU

15.
REGISTER
• Temporary storage units within CPU.
• Can store data or program information.
• Store limit amount of temporary basis.

16.
BUSES
• As a medium for transfer data from one part to
other part of computer.
• Computer highway use large number of parallel
connected wires.
• 3 type of buses which is data bus, address bus
and control bus.
- Control bus : medium for communicating
- Address bus : carry information
- Data Bus : Carry actual data being process

17.
Control bus : medium for communicating
Address bus : carry information
Data Bus : Carry actual data being process
ADDRESS BUS
I/P
CENTRAL
INPUT/OUTPUT
MEMORY PROCESSING
UNIT
O/P UNIT
CONTROL BUS
DATA BUS

18.
BIT AND BYTE
• A bit is a binary digit, the smallest increment of
data on a computer
• Bits are usually assembled into a group of eight to
form a byte.
• Used for measuring the amount of data that is
transferred in a second between two
telecommunication points
• 1 byte = 8 bits
• 1 kilobyte (K / Kb) = 2^10 bytes = 1,024 bytes
• 1 megabyte (M / MB) = 2^20 bytes = 1,048,576 bytes
• 1 gigabyte (G / GB) = 2^30 bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes

19.
MEMORY
• Physical devices used to store information
which is instructions and data.
• Using binary digit.
• Can store data temporary and permanently.

20.
VOLATILE MEMORY
• Lost data when power off.
• Volatile memory requires power to maintain
the stored information.

21.
NON-VOLATILE MEMORY
• Permanent store
• Non-volatile computer memory that can
retain the stored information even when not
powered.

22.
PERMANENT STORAGE
• ROM : Read Only Memory
- Use to store permanent data (FIRMWARE)
- Cannot be reprogram or change the data
- Eg : PROM( for BIOS), CD-ROM
• EPROM : Erasable Program Read Only Memory
- Can erase by expose in strong UV light in 10min
- Use by military
• EAROM : Electrical Altered Read Only Memory
- Combine non-volatility of ROM with electrically alterable of
RAM. Considered non volatile RAM.
• Flash Memories
- Eg : Hard Disc, Thumb drive

23.
TEMPERORY STORAGE
• RAM : Random Access Memory
– Primary Memory (fast but limited capacity)
– takes the form of integrated circuits
– Allow data to be read quickly
– Used to run programs.
– Eg : SRAM, DRAM, DDR RAM etc

24.
MEMORY APPLICATION
When opening Operating System
POWER ON HD
Only critical part of OS
LOAD
maintain in RAM
LOAD OS
BIOS CPU RAM
When opening Application
Application conserve in RAM,
CPU RAM HD
Saved in HD

25.
MICROPROCESSOR
• central processing part of a computer
contained within an IC.
• small, lightweight, and relatively cheap when
compared to any CPU
• Use for simple application
• Can incorporate all the elements of a total
computing system: I/O, ROM, RAM and CPU

26.
ELEMENTARY MICROCOMPUTER
OUTPUT
INPUT/
OUTPUT
PORTS INPUT
ROM
MICROPROCESSOR
COMPUTER HIGHWAY
(CPU)
RAM

27.
AIRBORNE DIGITAL COMPUTER
APPLICATION
FROM CONTROL
Signal convert from
SENSORS: analog to digital
VOR/DME - OMEGA
A
DOPPLER - COMPASS D
ETC
MAGNETIC CARD READER
REGISTERS TO
FROM CONTROL SEQUENCING STORE
MAGNETIC TAPE &
CASSETTE/CARTRIDGE ADDRESSING
PUSH BUTTON
CONTROLLER
ALPHANUMERIC
DEDICATED
TO CONTROL
COMPUTER INPUT

28.
FMS - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
LINE
SELECT
KEYS
DISPLAY
SCREEN
ALPHANUMERIC
FUNCTION KEYPAD
SELECT
KEYS
NEXT
PPOS PHASE PERF 1 2 3
EXEC
AIR
DIR FUEL PORTS 4 5 6
HDG MSG
SEL DATA FIX 7 8 9
DISPLAY
START 0 CLEAR BRIGHTNESS
ENG CONTROL
OUT
A B C D E F G
SPEC
F-PLN H I J K L M N
O P Q R S T U
V W X Y Z /

29.
FMS - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Have 2 FMC (Flight Management Computer) in aircraft for
redundancy
• Four main functions of FMS:
– Automatic Flight Control
– Performance Management
– Navigation and Guidance
– Status and Warning Displays
• Receive input from sub system computer
– Flight Control Computer (FCC).
– Thrust Management Computer (TMC).
– Digital Air Data Computer (DADC)
– Engine Indicating & Crew Alerting System (EICAS).