1.
SURG LT CDR SOORAJ S
LIFESTYLE DISEASES &
MANAGEMENT

2.
WHAT IS A LIFESTYLE DISEASE ???
• Health problems that react to changes in lifestyle
• Diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy
behaviours and partly by other factors

3.
ALL LIFESTYLE DISEASES HAVE ONE
COMMON PROPERTY
• They make breathing heavier and body O2 low
• Cell hypoxia is the driving force of lifestyle diseases

4.
WHAT CAUSES LIFESTYLE
DISEASES??
• Controllable factors
Certain habits, behaviours, and practices such as poor
eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol intake
• Uncontrollable factors
Factors that we cannot control such as age, gender, race
and heredity

5.
CONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS
• Diet and bodyweight
• Daily levels of physical activity
• Amount of sun exposure
• Smoking and alcohol abuse

6.
UNCONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS
• Age
• Race
• Gender
• Heredity

7.
IMPROPER LIFESTYLE??
• Over eating
• Excessive consumption of fats
• Smoking
• Drinking
• Chewing tobacco
• Sedentary life style
• Lack of exercise

8.
TYPES OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Stroke and Hypertensive disorder
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Cancer
• Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease
• Depression
• Musculoskeletal disorder

9.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

10.
CHOLESTEROL

11.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
• Deposition of cholesterol in blood vessels

12.
WHAT CAN BE DONE???
• Have the victim sit down and rest, and attempt to keep calm.
Loosen any tight clothing.
• If the victim has a known heart condition, ask if he has had
chest pain medication.
• Assist the victim in taking the medication (usually nitroglycerin,
which is placed under the tongue).
• If the pain does not subside promptly with rest or within 3
minutes of taking nitroglycerin, call for emergency medical
assistance.
• If victim collapses without pulse or breathing then CPR.

13.
STROKE & HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

14.
WHAT IS BLOOD PRESSURE???
• When your heart pumps, it forces blood through
your vessels.
• This force is called blood pressure.
• If it is an atherosclerotic vessel it creates more
pressure. This increased pressure damages small
blood vessels in brain, kidney and eyes.

15.
BRAIN STEM - FUNCTION

16.
CEREBELLUM - FUNCTION

17.
STROKE

18.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

19.
PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES & STROKE
• Trim your fat intake, eat healthy
• Cut down on salt
• Keep your weight healthy
• Don’t smoke
• Don’t take alcohol
• Do exercise
• Monitor your blood pressure and cholesterol
• Relax & cut down on stress
• If you are hypertensive or diabetic then don’t skip
your medications

20.
DIABETES MELLITUS

21.
DIABETES
• Disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose
from the blood resulting in high blood glucose levels
• Insulin
• Type 1 or Juvenile Diabetes
• Type 2 or Maturity onset Diabetes (most common)

22.
PREVENTION OF DIABETES
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Avoiding smoking
• Reduction of Stress
• Avoiding Sedentary life
• Avoid Junk foods
• Exercise - reduces insulin resistance

23.
CANCER

24.
UNCONTROLLABLE GROWTH OF
ABNORMAL CELLS

25.
RISK FACTORS
• Tobacco use/ Smoking
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Dietary Factors
• Radiation
• Alcohol Intake

26.
CAUTION
C – Change in bowel habits
A – A sore that does not heal
U – Unusual bleeding or discharge
T – Thickening or a lump
I – Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O – Obvious change in a wart or mole
N – Nagging cough or hoarseness of voice

27.
PREVENTION OF CANCER
• Don’t’ smoke!
• Avoid alcohol
• Wear sunscreen & stay away from tanning beds
• Eat your veggies and cut the fat
• Eat moderate protein
• Stay active
• Get regular medical check-ups

28.
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
• Symptoms - shortness of breath, cough and sputum
production
• Tobacco smoking - most common cause of COPD
• Other factors - air pollution, genetics
• Prolonged exposure to dusts, chemicals and fumes
increase the risk of COPD in both smokers and
nonsmokers

29.
PREVENTION OF COPD
• Quit Smoking
• Have Healthy Diet
• Do Breathing exercise
• Avoid exposure to fumes & dust
• Improve both indoor & outdoor air quality

30.
DEPRESSION

31.
DEPRESSION
• State of low mood and aversion to activity
• Affects thoughts, behaviour, feelings and sense of
wellbeing

32.
DEPRESSION
• Life events and life style that may precipitate
depressed mood
• Childbirth
• Menopause
• Financial difficulties
• Job problems, Chronic diseases
• Loss of a loved one
• Relationship troubles…

33.
PREVENTION OF DEPRESSION
Healthy Eating:
• Cut out junk food
• Avoid foods high in refined sugar and saturated fats
• Complex carbohydrates help to stimulate the feel
good neurotransmitter serotonin

34.
PREVENTION OF DEPRESSION
Exercise:
• Increases production of natural antidepressants
• Reduces stress, improves mood, boosts self-
esteem, and provides restful sleep
Weight loss:
• Improves your self-esteem and overall health

35.
PREVENTION OF DEPRESSION
Meditation:
• Practice of engaging in a mental exercise—such as
deep breathing
• Meditation can help relieve anxiety
Sleep:
• Having a calming bedtime routine helps you wind
down and feel fresh the next morning

36.
PREVENTION OF DEPRESSION
Relationship:
• Spending time with positive, supportive, and loving
people can help you through
Avoid sedentary lifestyle:
• Leads to depression
• Stay active , do your hobbies, read books, take
active part in social activity

37.
WALK...

38.
MINIMUM RECOMMENDATION
FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BY WHO
• CHILDREN & YOUNG PEOPLE - Moderate intensity
activity for at least 60 mints per day
• Adults - At least 30 mints of exercise most if not all days.
Should include flexibility, muscle strength & endurance
exercise twice a week.
• 60 to 90 mints to improve when already in poor health or
to lose weight
• Moderate exercise is Brisk walking,
swimming, cycling, gardening with
moderate effort

39.
ANY QUESTIONS???