1. ‹
By Thanyamon C.
By Thanyamon C.

2. • 
(Gregor Johann Mendel)
‹ 
By Thanyamon C.

3. 
By Thanyamon C.

4. By Thanyamon C.

5. By Thanyamon C.

6. P F1 P F1
By Thanyamon C.

7. ‹ Œ ‹ F2
3:1
By Thanyamon C.

8. • ‹ ‹ ‹ Factor
‹ š ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹
• Factor 

• ‹ F1 ‹ (Dominant trait)
• ‹ ‹ F1 ‹ ‹ F2
Π(Recessive trait)
By Thanyamon C.

9. ...
•  Œ ‹ Factor Œ ‹ (Gene)
• (Dominant
‹ (Dominant gene) ‹
Œ  ‹ ‹ ABC
• (Recessive
Œ (Recessive gene) Œ
‹ Œ ‹ ‹
Œ  ‹ abc
1 ‹ š ‹ ‹
AA Aa aa
By Thanyamon C.

10. !
• Gene ‹ Œ
Œ ‹ ‹
Œ
• Homologous chromosome š ‹
‹ š ‹ ‹
• Locus ‹ ‹
• Allele ‹ ‹
‹ Œ š ‹
(dominant allele) (recessive
Π(recessive allele)
By Thanyamon C.

11. Homologous chromosome
By Thanyamon C.

12.  Œ Œ Œ!
• Genotype ‹Œ š ‹
 Œ Œ ‹ AA Aa aa
• Phenotype š
‹ , ‹ , ,
• Homo…
Homo… ‹ “ ” ‹ Homozygous (  ) Œ
• Hetero…
Hetero… ‹ “ ‹ , ” ‹ Heterozygous (  )
By Thanyamon C.

13. • ‹ (Low of segregation)
‹ š ‹ ‹ Œ  
  ‹  Œ ‹
A
a
A a
By Thanyamon C.

14. By Thanyamon C.

15. ‹ ‹ ‹
• ‹ ‹ ‹ (Law of independent assortment)
š ‹ ‹ ‹
‹ Œ ‹  ( Œ
‹2 )
‹ Œ   2
By Thanyamon C.

16.  (Punnet square)
(Punnet
• Œ Reginald C.Punnett
Š Œ ‹ š ‹
By Thanyamon C.

17. 2
(dihybrid cross)
:
: ‹ : ‹
9 : 3 : 3 : 1
By Thanyamon C.

18. ???
By Thanyamon C.

19. ??
• (testcross) š
(testcross) ‹ 
‹ š ‹  Œ ‹
(tester) š Œ
• (backcross)
(backcross) š 
‹ ‹   
 Œ Œ Œ
By Thanyamon C.

20. (test
(test cross)
By Thanyamon C.

21. •  ‹ š ‹
 ‹ Œ ‹ ‹ ‹

‹ 3/4 ‹ 3/4
3/4 x 3/4 = 9/16
• ‹ š 
Œ ‹ 1
By Thanyamon C.

22. By Thanyamon C.

23. 2
(dihybrid cross)
:
: ‹ : ‹
9 : 3 : 3 : 1
By Thanyamon C.

24. •   (Karl Correns)
 (Karl Correns) š Œ
‹ ‹ š
• ‹ ‹ (Incomplete
 (Incomplete dominant)
‹ ‹ Œ ‹ 
( ‹ ‹ ‹ Œ Œ ‹ )
 Œ
‚ Š ‹ F1 ‚ Š ‹
‹ ‹
By Thanyamon C.

25. Incomplete dominant
By Thanyamon C.

26. (Codominant)
(Codominant)
Codominant
• ‹
‹ Œ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ AB
By Thanyamon C.

27. Multiple alleles
• ‹ (locus
(locus ) ‹ ‹ 2
‹ ‹ ABO
By Thanyamon C.

28. Polygene Multiple gene
• ‹ 1 ‹ ( ‹ 1 locus)
locus) Œ
• Polygenic trait Œ ‹
š ‹ Œ Œ ‚
Š ‹ ‹ ‹ , ,
• Continuous variation trait
‹ (Quantitative
(Quantitative trait)
Œ ‹ 1 ‹
• Discontinuous variation trait
Œ Œ 1 ‹ ‹
By Thanyamon C.

29. Polygenic trait
By Thanyamon C.

30. (sex-
(sex-linked gene)
sex
• š ‹ ‹ Œ Œ
‹ Œ
‹ š
X-linked gene ‹ ‹ X
Œ ‹
Y-linked gene ‹ ‹ Y
Œ ‹ ‹ ‹
Autosome ‹
Sex chromosomeBy Thanyamon C. Œ ‹ XX XY

31. Autosome
By Thanyamon C.

32. X-linked gene
By Thanyamon C.

33. (linkage)
(linkage)
• Linkage group ‹ ‹
Œ ‹ Œ ( š ‹ Œ
)
• ‹ ‹ Œ
‹ Œ Œ
crossing over
Œ ‹ ‹
(gene recombinant)
By Thanyamon C.

34. • ‚ Š ‚ Š
Š
(sex influenced traits)
Œ bb ‹Œ ‹Œ
‹ ‹
Œ (‹ Bb ‹Œ Œ
 ) ‹ Œ
BB Œ Œ
By Thanyamon C.

35. (sex
(sex limited traits)
• ‹ Š ‚
‹ Œ
‹ ‚ Š ‚ Š
Š
‹
‹ Œ‹ HH
, ‹
Hh
Œ
hh
By Thanyamon C.

36. By Thanyamon C.