1. SISTEM INFORMASI KEKAYAAN NEGARA
| Pertemuan 1 |
SISTEM INFORMASI DAN MODEL PENGEMBANGANNYA
Dr. Tb. Maulana Kusuma
mkusuma@staff.gunadarma.ac.id | http://mkusuma.staff.gunadarma.ac.id
Program Magister Manajemen | Akuntansi Pemerintahan

2. KONSEP INFORMASI:
DATA vs INFORMASI
 Data: raw facts
– Alphanumeric, image, audio, and video
 Information
– Organized collection of facts
– Have value beyond the facts themselves
2

3. DATA vs INFORMASI (lanjutan)
 Defining and organizing
relationships among data
creates information.
 Identical data can be
represented in different
formations  different
meaning / information.
3

4. TRANSFORMASI DATA MENJADI
INFORMASI
4

5. KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI
5

6. KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI
(lanjutan)
6

7. SISTEM INFORMASI
 Set of interrelated components: collect,
manipulate, disseminate data and information
 Provide feedback to meet an objective
 Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems,
course reservation systems
7

8. UNSUR-UNSUR SISTEM INFORMASI
8

9. SISTEM INFORMASI
BERBASIS KOMPUTER
 Manual vs Computerized information systems
 Computer-based information system (CBIS)
– Hardware, software, databases,
telecommunications, people, and procedures
– Collect, manipulate, store, and process data into
information
9

10. KOMPONEN CBIS
10

11. ERA SISTEM INFORMASI
 Data Processing (DP) Era
– To improve operational efficiency by automating
information-based processes
 Management Information Systems (MIS) Era
– To increase management effectiveness by satisfying their
information requirements for decision making
 Strategic Information Systems (SIS) Era
– To improve competitiveness by changing the nature or
conduct of business –IS/IT as a source of competitive
advantage
11

12. JENIS-JENIS SISTEM INFORMASI
 Transaction processing systems (TPS)
– Capture and record information about organization’s
transactions
 Management information systems (MIS)
– Take information captured by TPS
– Produce reports for planning and control
 Decision support / knowledge-based systems
(DSS/KBS)
– Explore impact of available options or decisions (what-if
scenarios)
– Automate routine decision making
12

13. JENIS-JENIS SISTEM INFORMASI (lanjutan)
 Enterprise applications
– Highly integrated systems that support company-wide operations and
data
– Often combine aspects of TPS, MIS, DSS/KBS
 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
 Communication support systems
– Facilitate communication internally and with customers and suppliers
 Office support systems
– Help employees create and share documents
13

14. RENCANA STRATEGIS SISTEM INFORMASI
14

15. CONTOH STRUKTUR ORGANISASI
DIVISI SISTEM INFORMASI
15

16. SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN
 Management information system (MIS)
– A collection of people, procedures, software, databases,
devices
– Provides information to managers/decision makers
 Primary focus is operational efficiency
 MIS outputs
– Scheduled reports
– Demand reports
– Exception reports
16

17. SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN
 Decision support system (DSS)
– A collection of people, procedures, software,
databases, devices
– Supports problem-specific decision making
 Focus is on decision-making effectiveness
17

18. UNSUR SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN
18

19. UNSUR SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN
(lanjutan)
 Model base: provides decision makers access to a
variety of models and assists them in decision
making
 Database
 External database access
 Access to the Internet and corporate intranet,
networks, and other computer systems
 Dialogue manager: allows decision makers to easily
access and manipulate the DSS and to use common
business terms and phrases
19

20. KEMAMPUAN SISTEM
PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN
20

21. PERBANDINGAN MIS DAN DSS
21

22. PERBANDINGAN MIS DAN DSS (lanjutan)
22

23. KEGAGALAN DALAM
PEMANFAATAN INVESTASI TI
 Investments made only in technology;
 Not understanding or analyzing the nature of
activities that the technology is to support –
strategically or operationally – in the
organization.
23

24. ADAPTASI TERHADAP TEKNOLOGI
 Technology diffusion: measure of widespread
use of technology
 Technology infusion: extent to which
technology permeates a department
 Technology acceptance model (TAM):
specifies factors that can lead to higher
acceptance and usage of technology
24

25. SISTEM INFORMASI KEKAYAAN NEGARA
 Sistem yang digunakan untuk inventarisasi
dan pengelolaan kekayaan negara berbantuan
komputer.
 Perancangan, pembuatan dan pengelolaan
sistem dibawah kendali Direktorat Jenderal
Kekayaan Negara (DJKN).
 DJKN dibentuk sesuai Perpres No. 66 / 2006.
25

26. DIREKTORAT JENDERAL KEKAYAAN
NEGARA
Direktorat Jenderal yang mempunyai tugas
merumuskan serta melaksanakan kebijakan
dan standarisasi teknis di bidang kekayaan
negara, piutang negara dan lelang sesuai
dengan kebijakan yang ditetapkan oleh
Menteri Keuangan, dan berdasarkan
peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id
26

27. DIREKTORAT JENDERAL KEKAYAAN
NEGARA (lanjutan)
VISI
"Menjadi Pengelola kekayaan Negara, Piutang Negara dan Lelang yang
Bertanggung Jawab untuk Sebesar-besar Kemakmuran Rakyat".
MISI
 Mewujudkan optimalisasi penerimaan, efisiensi pengeluaran dan
efektifitas pengelolaan kekayaan negara;
 Mengamankan kekayaan negara melalui pembangunan database serta
penyajian jumlah dan nilai eksisting kekayaan negara;
 Mewujudkan nilai kekayaan negara yang wajar dan dapat dijadikan
sebagai acuan dalam berbagai keperluan penilaian;
 Melaksanakan pengurusan piutang negara yang efisien, efektif,
transparan dan akuntabel;
 Mewujudkan lelang sebagai instrumen jual beli yang mampu
mengakomodasikan kepentingan masyarakat. Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id
27

28. DIREKTORAT HUKUM DAN INFORMATIKA
TUGAS DAN FUNGSI
Di bidang hukum, bertugas melaksanakan pengharmonisasian dan
penyusunan peraturan perundangan dan petunjuk teknis dibidang
pengelolaan kekayaan negara, penilaian, pengurusan piutang negara, dan
pelaksanaan lelang, termasuk di dalamnya kegiatan koordinasi
penyusunan rancangan peraturan, evaluasi terhadap pelaksanaan
peraturan, publikasi dan pengelolaan dokumen hukum, penyiapan
petunjuk pelaksanaan pemberian bantuan hukum, dan pelaksanaan
bantuan hukum.
Di bidang informatika, bertugas melaksanakan penyiapan bahan
pengembangan sistem informasi di bidang kekayaan negara, penilaian,
piutang negara dan lelang; pengolahan data, layanan informasi dan
pengelolaan pusat informasi, pelaksanaan bimbingan teknis sistem
informasi, penyusunan manual sistem dan dokumentasi program
aplikasi, dan pembinaan jabatan fungsional Pranata Komputer.
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id
28

29. STRUKTUR ORGANISASI
DIREKTORAT HUKUM DAN INFORMATIKA
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id
29

30. SMIPT-KN
 Sistem Manajemen Informasi Pelayanan
Terpadu – Kekayaan Negara.
 Sistem yang digunakan untuk
inventarisasi kekayaan negara.
 Pengelolanya adalah Direktorat Hukum
dan Informasi, Direktorat Jenderal
Kekayaan Negara.
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id
30

31. PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN
 DJKN memiliki 19.000 Satuan Kerja (Satker)
untuk menangani Sistem Akuntansi Barang
Milik Negara (SABMN).
 Dari 19.000 Satker, 7000 Satker telah
menggunakan komputer.
 SMIPT-KN didukung oleh 87 Unit Kerja
diseluruh Indonesia, dimana setiap Unit Kerja
memiliki 50-400 orang karyawan.
Sumber: DJKN melalui wawancara
31

32. PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN (lanjutan)
 SMIPT-KN menggunakan Oracle sebagai basis
data-nya dan dilengkapi fitur geographic
information system (GIS), serat mampu
melakukan scanning dokumen penunjang.
 Sumber daya manusia di kantor pusat terdiri
dari 11 orang yang dibantu oleh pihak lain
melalui outsourcing.
32

33. PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN (lanjutan)
 Menyiapkan cetak biru (blue print) dan
aplikasi SMIPT-KN yang dimulai pada tahun
2008 selama 3 tahun.
 Dalam jangka waktu 5 tahun ke depan (tahun
2013), seluruh kekayaan negara sudah
didokumentasikan didalam SMIPT-KN.
 Saat ini sistem belum tersedia dan proses
perancangan masih belum bisa diakses oleh
publik. Sumber: DJKN melalui wawancara
33

34. PENGHAPUSAN BARANG MILIK NEGARA SELAIN
TANAH DAN/ATAU BANGUNAN
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id
34

35. PEMINDAHTANGANAN BARANG MILIK NEGARA
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id
35

36. GAMBARAN UMUM
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM
 System development project
– Planned undertaking with fixed beginning and end
– Produces desired result or product
– Can be a large job with thousands of hours of effort or a
small one-month project
 Successful development project
– Provides a detailed plan to follow
– Organized, methodical sequence of tasks and activities
– Produces reliable, robust, and efficient system
36

37. SIKLUS PEMBANGUNAN SISTEM
 Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
– Provides overall framework for managing systems
development process
 Two main approaches to SDLC
– Predictive approach – assumes project can be
planned out in advance
– Adaptive approach – more flexible, assumes
project cannot be planned out in advance
 All projects use some variation of SDLC
37

38. PREDICTIVE vs ADAPTIVE
38

39. PENDEKATAN SDLC TRADISIONAL
 Project planning – initiate, ensure feasibility,
plan schedule, obtain approval for project
 Analysis – understand business needs and
processing requirements
 Design – define solution system based on
requirements and analysis decisions
 Implementation – construct, test, train users,
and install new system
 Support – keep system running and improve
39

40. MODEL SIKLUS SDLC TRADISIONAL
40

41. PENDEKATAN SDLC ADAPTIF
 Based on spiral model
– Project cycles through development activities over and over
until project is complete
– Prototype created by end of each cycle
– Focuses on mitigating risk
 Iteration – Work activities are repeated
– Each iteration refines previous result
– Approach assumes no one gets it right the first time
– There are a series of mini projects for each iteration
41

42. MODEL SIKLUS SPIRAL
42

43. MODEL
SIKLUS
ITERATIF
43

44. KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP
PERENCANAAN
 Define business problem and scope.
 Produce detailed project schedule.
 Confirm project feasibility
– Economic, organizational, technical, resource, and
schedule.
 Staff the project (resource management).
 Launch project  official announcement.
44

45. KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP ANALISIS
 Gather information to learn problem domain
 Define system requirements
 Build prototypes for discovery of
requirements
 Prioritize requirements
 Generate and evaluate alternatives
 Review recommendations with management
45

46. KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP PERANCANGAN
 Design and integrate the network
 Design the application architecture
 Design the user interfaces
 Design the system interfaces
 Design and integrate the database
 Prototype for design details
 Design and integrate system controls
46

47. KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP
IMPLEMENTASI
 Construct software components
 Verify and test
 Convert data
 Train users and document the system
 Install the system
47

48. KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP SUPPORT
 Maintain system
– Small patches, repairs, and updates
 Enhance system
– Small upgrades or enhancements to expand
system capabilities
– Larger enhancements may require separate
development project
 Support users
– Help desk and/or support team
48

49. TREND PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM
Mengutamakan pendekatan adaptif, seperti:
 The Unified Process (UP) – iterative and incremental
software development process framework.
 Extreme Programming (XP) – a development process
that is more responsive to customer needs than
traditional methods, while creating software of
better quality.
 Agile Modeling – hybrid of UP and XP.
 Scrum – an iterative incremental process of software
development.
49

50. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
 Ralph Stair and George Reynolds,
Fundamentals of Information Systems,
 John Satzinger, Systems Analysis and Design in
a Changing World, 4th Edition, Thomson
Learning, 2006.
 Situs Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara
<http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id>
50