This document discusses opportunities for Internet of Things (IoT) solutions in India. It begins by defining IoT and explaining key concepts like state, attributes, data transmission between devices. It then outlines various IoT applications like smart cities and healthcare. The document emphasizes that India presents many opportunities for IoT due to factors like its large population and focus on agriculture. It provides considerations for building successful IoT products and business models in India, such as focusing on recurring revenues and the manufacturing sector. The key takeaway is that India is well-positioned to benefit from IoT solutions that empower people and drive economic development.

1. Internet of Things, Innovation and India
Syam Madanapalli | Indian Technology Congress 2015
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2. Outline
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Defining 'Internet of
Things' for Beginners
Design and Innovating
IoT Applications
Opportunities for IoT
Solutions in India

3. Alfred North Whitehead
(1861 – 1947)
Civilization advances by extending
the number of important operations
which we can perform without
thinking about them.
Introduction to Mathematics (1911)
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State and Data
Data, data and data everywhere
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5. Expiry Date Heart Rate Name of a Person Current Time
Everything has a State
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6. State is Expressed with Attributes
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State can be expressed
with multiple attributes
Attribute Value
Temperature 24 C
Battery Level 65%
Name Thermostat
Others …
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7. State Machines
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Sometimes users control the
state
Few things expose internal
state using state machines
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Bulb

8. The Need for Data and Control
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Location
information
Monitoring of
health parameters
Waste level
detection
Need current
energy tariff
Control lights
and appliances
Access control
for security
Controlling traffic
signals
Parameter setting
for machines
Road conditions for
traction control
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9. Data - Some devices have it; other devices or people want to use it
Data Provider Data Users
Thing
State User 1
Data
User 3
Data
User 2
Data
Existence of State and the Need for Data
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10. How does the User get the Data?
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Data Providers Data Users

11. Data Providers Data Users
Bridging Data Providers and Users
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12. Internet Core
Million nodes
Routers, Servers
Internet Fringe
Billion nodes
Computers, mobiles
Internet of Things
Trillion nodes
Sensors, Objects
The Internet Evolution
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13. Everything has state
State is represented using attributes
State is transitioned into data from owner to users
Many users will have same data for different purpose
The Internet connects the data users to the owners
It can scale to provide connectivity for trillions of devices
Thing
State
User
Data
Key Takeaways
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Internet
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Internet of Things
The next BIG thing on the Planet Earth!
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15. Irrigation - Manual
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Knowledge
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16. Irrigation - with the Internet
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Comfort
Internet
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17. Irrigation - with IoT
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Intelligence
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Internet

18. Irrigation - IoT allows Innovation
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Smart
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Internet

19. Self-organizing and self-healing
network of objects
Internet as the major
communication medium
Exchanging information between
object-to-object and object-to-people
Removes physical barriers and helps in
smart decision-making by harnessing
the data
Internet of Things - the Definition
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Internet

20. Aging Population
Requires better care
Limited Resources
Requires conservation
Govt. Initiatives
Better citizen services
Innovation
New business models
Safety & Security
Better living standards
Lifestyle
Convenience
Information Generation
Measurements and
tracking
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Real-time Information
Better decision making

21. Smart Grid
Smart Cities
Smart
Environment
Safety and
Security
Smart Retail
Smart Logistics
Smart Farming
Industrial
Control
Customer
Service
Smart Homes
eHealthcare
Smart Water
IoT Applications
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22. 1:1
1:N N:1
Time
Server
Computing
Personal
Computing
Pervasive
Computing
IoT is Pervasive Computing!
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Internet of Things will have direct implications on the physical world
Optimal
living
Future for the
next generations
Economic
development
Job creation
Improved living
standards
Empowers
people
New business
opportunities

24. Key Takeaway
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More visibility about
the real world
Enables agility and faster
exception handling
Saves environment,
money and even lives
Real-time data
IoT
Better world

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Designing and Innovating IoT Applications
A scalable approach for designing the IoT based applications
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26. NETWORK
TRANSPORT
APPLICATION
MAC
PHY
IEEE 802.15.4, WiFi, Bluetooth low
energy*, 3G/LTE, Satellite
IPv6, 6lowpan
TCP/UDP
Protocol Layers for the IoT
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HTTP, CoAP
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27. Access Technologies for IoT
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Parameter IEEE 802.15.4 WiFi BLE
Frequency Band
868, 915MHz
2.4GHz
2.4, 5.0 GHz 2.4GHz
Topology Start, Mesh Star Star
Range 100m-3Km 250m 100m
Data Rate 250KBps 600Mbps 1Mbps
Power
Battery, Mains,
Hybrid
Mains Battery
Applications Industrial, outdoors
Residential and
office environment
Residential and
personal
Internetworking 6lowpan IPv6 Under development

28. Low Cost
Physical
Constraints
Lossy LinksLow Power
Low
BoM
Less
Code
Low
Range
Low
Data
Small
Footprint
Self
Healing
Minimal
or no UI
'Things' - Design Considerations
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29. Size of Class 0 Class 1 Class 2
Code <100 KiB ~100 KiB ~250 KiB
Data <10 KiB ~10 KiB ~50 KiB
IP Connectivity Gateway CoAP TCP/IP
Processing One simple Function Multiple Functions Flexible
Power Energy Harvesting, Battery, Rechargeable Battery, Mains Power
Moore's law will be used for reduction of cost and power requirements
'Things' - The Constrained Devices
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30. Design for sleep
Receiving is expensive
Time is energy - transmit quick
Define the state model
Define a set of services
Size is cost:
Button cell > AAA > AA > MainsSensors
Inputs Outputs
Battery
SoC
Designing the Things
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31. Typical Spec of a device
Frequency Band: 2.4GHz
Data rate: 250 Kbps
Operating voltage 1.8 to 3.6 V
Tx power: 5dBm (3.2mW)
Receiver sensitivity: –98 dBm
Current consumption:
RX - 22 mA, TX - 33 mA, Sleep - <1 µA
Assumptions:
Transaction duration: 3ms
Current consumption, avg: 30mA
No. of measurements: 60 per hour
No. of transactions: 80 per hour
CR2032: ~Typical capacity 225 mAh = 810,000,000 mAms
No. of transactions: 810,000,000 / (30 x 3) = 9,000,000
No. of transactions per day: 80 x 24 = 1,920
Duration of the battery: 9,000,000 / 1,920 = 4,687 days = 12.8 years
How long a Button Cell would last?
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32. A temperature service
A time service
No bleeding between users or services
Autonomous Services
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Client behavior need not be defined
Client use case determines the use of a service
Allows innovation in client implementation
Server
Clients
Device
Services
User 1
Attributes
User 2 User 3
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33. Use case 1: Switching AC
ON
Use case 2: Scheduled light
ON/OFF
Use case defines how to use the services exposed by the devices
Light
Service
Client
Time
Service
Temp.
Service
AC
Service
Use Case
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34. Autonomous Services - Innovation
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100 Services = 1 267 650 600 228 229 401 496 703 205 375 Use cases
200 Services = more than the number of atoms on the Earth
Autonomous services allow Unlimited Innovation
n Services = (2^n) – 1 possible Use cases

35. Building Context
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Chairs occupied
Table Interactions
Other inputs
Door Closed
Projector ON
No movement
Time
Other inputs
Lights OFF
Bed Occupied
Meeting is in progress
Context
Person is sleeping
Context

36. App Deployment - PAN
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Personal Area IoT Networks
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37. Large scale/metro area IoT networks
Deployment in Metro Areas
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38. Key Takeaways
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Application
Use Cases
Services
State
Attribute 1 Attribute 2 … Attribute n
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Business Opportunities for IoT in India
Key condiderations for building IoT products and services
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40. Gandhi
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Local First
Minimize the distance between
producer and consumer!
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
(1869 – 1948)

41. India
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India - The Land of Opportunity for the Internet of Things!
300M Mobile
Internet Users;
Second to
China
700K
employable
graduates per
year; Twice
that of China
Agriculture
contributes
25% of GDP;
Employment
for 56%
Indians
IT contributes
7% of GDP;
Saturated at
58% of global
market share
GDP is
proportional to
manufacturing;
1.7% GDP from
Electronics

42. What does IoT mean for India?
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Internet of Things
India on Threat
India on Threshold
Opportunity
Be Proactive Be Laggard
Produce IoT Solutions Produce Gandhis
India on Technology

43. Considerations for Building an IoT Product
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Collaborate to innovate
Customer Service is
Everything
Focus on traction
building and customer
acquisition
Identify your customer
in the ecosystem
90% Cost savings
10x Better experience
Easy fit into the
ecosystem
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44. Your Product/Service
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Elegant Intelligent
Empowering Complete
Deep
The Art of the Start 2.0, Guy Kawasaki
Curve Jumping
The user should continue to
get new value

45. IoT Business Model
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Sunk money subscriptions
If the customer is not ready for this,
you do not have a business case.
Recurring Revenues

46. IoT Markets
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eCommerce and Supply Chain
Large Farms and warehouses
Manufacturing
Energy
Transport
Healthcare
Commercial market is
preferred over the
consumer and
government markets
Focus on RoI in 2 to 3 years

47. IESA & TiE Assistance for IoT Startups
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IoT for India: TiE and IESA Initiative
http://www.iotforindia.org
Assistance for
Design for Manufacturability
Testing & Certification
Interoperability and Standards

48. Be Courageous
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Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
(1931 – 2015)
“My message, especially to young
people is to have courage to think
differently, courage to invent, to
travel the unexplored path, courage
to discover the impossible and to
conquer the problems and succeed.
...”

49. Key Takeaways
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India has lot of
opportunities
Build curve jumping
solutions
Business model for
recurring revenues
Be courageous

50. Thank You!
smadanapalli@gmail.com
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