1. HYPERTENSION
Presented by:
Mrs. Rachelle R. Salacup BSN, RN
Mr. Gilbert T. Salacup RN MSN
STROKE
HEART ATTACK
Philippine Embassy Bahrain

2. Reference
• http://www.who.int/topics/hypertension/en/
• http://www.who.int/topics/cerebrovascular_a
ccident/en/
• https://www.google.com.bh/search?q=who+st
roke&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ah
UKEwiYpsyCmf7dAhXOgM4BHZLzDFUQ_AUIDi
gB&biw=1920&bih=969

3. is another name for high blood pressure. It can lead to severe
complications and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and
death.
Hypertension

4. is another name for high blood pressure. It can lead to severe
complications and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and
death.
Hypertension

5. is another name for high blood pressure. It can lead to severe
complications and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and
death.
Hypertension

6. Hypertension

7. Hypertension

8. Hypertension
People affected by high blood pressure may consistently
suffer one or two of the following symptoms
• Recurring headaches
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision
• Nausea
• Increase nosebleeds

9. Hypertension
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)

10. Hypertension
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)

11. Hypertension
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)
Sample Menus for DASH diet (MAYO clinic)
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-
depth/dash-diet/art-20047110
Breakfast
•1 cup old-fashioned cooked
oatmeal* topped with 1 teaspoon
cinnamon
•1 slice whole-wheat toast
•1 teaspoon trans-free margarine
•1 banana
•1 cup fat-free milk
Lunch
•Tuna salad made with:
• 1/2 cup drained, unsalted water-packed
tuna, 3 ounces
• 2 tablespoons light mayonnaise
• 15 grapes
• 1/4 cup diced celery
• Served on top of 2 1/2 cups romaine
lettuce
•8 Melba toast crackers
•1 cup fat-free milk

12. Hypertension
The diet is simple:
•Eat more fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy
foods
•Cut back on foods that are high in saturated fat,
cholesterol and trans fat
•Eat more whole-grain foods, fish, poultry, and
nuts
•Limit sodium, sweets, sugary drinks, and red
meats

13. • Losing weight if you are
overweight or obese
• Quitting smoking
• Eating a healthy diet, including the DASH diet (eating more
fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy products, less saturated and total fat)
Lifestyle Changes to Treat High Blood Pressure
A critical step in preventing and treating high blood pressure is a healthy lifestyle.
You can lower your blood pressure with the following lifestyle changes:

14. •Reducing the amount of sodium in your diet to less than 1,500
milligrams a day if you have high blood pressure; healthy adults should try
to limit their sodium intake to no more 2,300 milligrams a day (about 1
teaspoon of salt).
(The American Heart Association recommends
1,500 mg a day of sodium as an upper limit for all
adults.)
1500 mg of sodium amounts to 0.75 teaspoons or
3.75 grams of salt per day
Lifestyle Changes to Treat High Blood Pressure
A critical step in preventing and treating high blood pressure is a healthy lifestyle.
You can lower your blood pressure with the following lifestyle changes:

15. Drugs to Treat High Blood Pressure
There are several types of drugs used to treat high blood pressure, including:
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Benazepril (Lotensin),
Captopril. Enalapril (Vasotec) ,Fosinopril, Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), Moexipril. Perindopril (Aceon), Quinapril (Accupril)
• Diuretics Lasix (furosemide), bumetanide, Demadex (torsemide), and Edecrin (ethacrynic acid)
• Beta-blockers Acebutolol (Sectral), Atenolol (Tenormin), Bisoprolol (Zebeta), Metoprolol
(Lopressor, Toprol-XL) ,Nadolol (Corgard) ,Nebivolol (Bystolic) , Propranolol (Inderal LA, InnoPran XL)
• Calcium channel blockers Amlodipine (Norvasc), Diltiazem (Cardizem,
Tiazac, others)Felodipine, Isradipine, Nicardipine, Nifedipine (Adalat CC, Afeditab CR,
Procardia), Nisoldipine (Sular), Verapamil (Calan, Verelan)
• Alpha-blockers Doxazosin (Cardura), Prazosin (Minipress), Terazosin.
• Alpha-agonistsClonidine (mixed alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline-I1
receptor agonist) Guanfacine, (preference for alpha2A-subtype of adrenoceptor)
Guanabenz (most selective agonist for alpha2-adrenergic as opposed to imidazoline
• Combination medications

16. Recommended exercise
You don't need to go to a gym. You just
need to be active enough that you are
breathing harder and making your heart
beat a little faster.
That includes brisk
walking, jogging swimming,
biking, lifting weights, or doing yard work

17. Find activities you enjoy, and aim for 30
minutes a day of "exercise" on most days of
the week. If you can't stand the gym, not a
problem. Dancing counts. So do yoga, hiking,
gardening, and anything else that gets your
heart beating a bit faster. Since you're going
to be making it a habit, pick things you'll want
to do often.

18. Do Mini-Workouts
Add 10-minute mini-workouts, and do these
throughout your busy day. For example, you
can jog in place or do calisthenics for 10
minutes. Three 10-minute mini-workouts
equal 30 minutes of daily exercise in little bits
of time you won't miss.

19. Set Up A home Gym
Pick items that fit in with what you want to do: a step
bench, jump rope, fit ball, exercise bands or tubes,
and weights, for example. You can store them in a
closet when you're not using them. If you have more
space and a bigger budget, consider getting a
treadmill or stationary bike.

20. Know the Safety Tips
No matter what exercise you do, be aware of
your limitations. If the exercise or activity
hurts, then stop! If you feel dizzy or have
discomfort in your chest, arms, or throat,
stop. Also, go slower on hot and humid days,
or exercise in an air-conditioned building.

21. Beyond Exercise: Lose 10 Pounds
If you're overweight, losing 10 pounds can help
reduce or prevent high blood pressure. To lose
weight, take in fewer calories than you use each
day. Ask your doctor or a registered dietitian
how many calories you need daily for weight
loss. Exercise helps you burn even more calories.

22. Beyond Exercise: The DASH Diet
You can lower your systolic blood pressure (the top number)
by switching to the DASH diet. The DASH diet is based on
2,000 calories a day. It's rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat
dairy products. It's also low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and
total fat. According to studies, adopting a DASH diet can
reduce systolic blood pressure by eight to 14 points. The goal
is to keep you blood pressure goal is less than 120/80.

23. Stroke

25. Spot a Stroke

26. Risk factors
Other factors associated with a higher risk of stroke include:
• Age —People age 55 or older have a higher risk of stroke than do younger
people.
• Race — African-Americans have a higher risk of stroke than do people of other
races.
• Sex — Men have a higher risk of stroke than women. Women are usually older
when they have strokes, and they're more likely to die of strokes than are men.
• Hormones — use of birth control pills or hormone therapies that include
estrogen, as well as increased estrogen levels from pregnancy and childbirth.
Lifestyle risk factors
• Being overweight or obese
• Physical inactivity
• Heavy or binge drinking
• Use of illicit drugs such as cocaine
and methamphetamines
Medical risk factors
• Blood pressure readings higher than 120/80 (mm Hg)
• Cigarette smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, heart defects,
heart infection or abnormal heart rhythm
• Personal or family history of stroke, heart attack or transient
ischemic attack.

28. Hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke occurs
when a blood vessel in your
brain leaks or ruptures.
• Uncontrolled high blood
pressure (hypertension)
• Overtreatment with
anticoagulants (blood
thinners)
• Weak spots in your blood
vessel walls (aneurysms)

29. Ischemic stroke
About 80% of strokes are ischemic strokes
Thrombotic stroke
• A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood
clot (thrombus) forms in one of the arteries
that supply blood to your brain. A clot may
be caused by fatty deposits (plaque) that
build up in arteries and cause reduced
blood flow (atherosclerosis) or other artery
conditions.
Embolic stroke
•An embolic stroke occurs when a blood
clot or other debris forms away from your
brain — commonly in your heart — and is
swept through your bloodstream to lodge in
narrower brain arteries. This type of blood
clot is called an embolus.

30. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
• A transient ischemic attack (TIA) — sometimes known as a ministroke
— is a temporary period of symptoms similar to those you'd have in a
stroke. A temporary decrease in blood supply to part of your brain
causes TIAs, which may last as little as five minutes.
• Like an ischemic stroke, a TIA occurs when a clot or debris blocks
blood flow to part of your nervous system — but there is no
permanent tissue damage and no lasting symptoms.
Risk factors
• Many factors can increase your stroke risk. Some factors can also
increase your chances of having a heart attack. Potentially treatable
stroke risk factors include:
Lifestyle risk factors
• Being overweight or obese
• Physical inactivity
• Heavy or binge drinking
• Use of illicit drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamines
Medical risk factors
• Blood pressure readings higher than 120/80 millimeters of mercury
(mm Hg)
• Cigarette smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, heart defects, heart
infection or abnormal heart rhythm
• Personal or family history of stroke, heart attack or transient ischemic
attack.

31. Prevention
• Controlling high blood pressure
(hypertension)
• Lowering the amount of
cholesterol and saturated fat in
your diet
• Quitting tobacco use
• Controlling diabetes
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Eating a diet rich in fruits and
vegetables
• Exercising regularly
• Drinking alcohol in moderation
• Treating obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA)
• Avoiding illegal drugs

32. Heart Attack (MI)

33. Heart Attack (MI)
A heart attack occurs when the
flow of blood to the heart is
blocked. The blockage is most
often a buildup of fat,
cholesterol and other
substances, which form a
plaque in the arteries that feed
the heart (coronary arteries)

36. Heart attack risk factors include:
• Age. Men age 45 or older and women
age 55
• Tobacco.
• High blood pressure.
• High blood cholesterol or triglyceride
levels.
• Obesity
• Diet and lifestyle
• Diabetes
• Family history of heart attack.
• Lack of physical activity.
• Stress.
• Illicit drug use. Using stimulant drugs,
• such as cocaine or amphetamines
• A history of preeclampsia. .