The document discusses several key topics in John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost:
1. Milton chose to write Paradise Lost as an epic poem, placing himself in the tradition of Homer, Virgil, and other epic poets, though he reconfigured some elements of the epic genre.
2. Paradise Lost explores ideas of knowledge, marriage, and heroism through the stories of Adam and Eve, their relationship, and the Son of God.
3. The poem examines theological concepts like the nature of God and good versus evil through its portrayal of characters like God, the Son, Satan and its interpretation of events in Genesis.
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, often known simply as Tom Jones, is a comic novel by the English playwright and novelist Henry Fielding. The novel is both a Bildungsroman and a picaresque novel.
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, often known simply as Tom Jones, is a comic novel by the English playwright and novelist Henry Fielding. The novel is both a Bildungsroman and a picaresque novel.
Hamlet is far from a perfect character. His depression and melancholy, however understandable,cause him to misunderstand Ophelia and The Queen. he kills polonius by mistake, but he also sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths with clear calculation.
Hamlet's insistence that even that part should be faced with courage, good humor and understanding which distinguishes him from the other characters and makes him Tragic Hero.
This is a highlighted presentation on Elizabethan era poets, their poetry, books and dramas.
1) Shakespeare
2) Ben Jonson
3) Edmund Spenser
.
.
Email: bahloolshah.khan@gmail.com
Charles Dickens's Hard Times: This presentataion consists of Intro, characters, critics, and Era's history. And Industerial revolution and its deep impact over lower class masses. This work is been done as a semester or term projects.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, his life and works
Prepared by Ahmad Hussain, Department of English,
Abdul Wali khan University Mardan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
Facebook page link for Literary students: www.facebook.com/englitpearls
Hamlet is far from a perfect character. His depression and melancholy, however understandable,cause him to misunderstand Ophelia and The Queen. he kills polonius by mistake, but he also sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths with clear calculation.
Hamlet's insistence that even that part should be faced with courage, good humor and understanding which distinguishes him from the other characters and makes him Tragic Hero.
This is a highlighted presentation on Elizabethan era poets, their poetry, books and dramas.
1) Shakespeare
2) Ben Jonson
3) Edmund Spenser
.
.
Email: bahloolshah.khan@gmail.com
Charles Dickens's Hard Times: This presentataion consists of Intro, characters, critics, and Era's history. And Industerial revolution and its deep impact over lower class masses. This work is been done as a semester or term projects.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, his life and works
Prepared by Ahmad Hussain, Department of English,
Abdul Wali khan University Mardan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
Facebook page link for Literary students: www.facebook.com/englitpearls
In the last two books of the epic, Milton includes almost a complete summary of Genesis. This lengthy section may seem anti-climactic, but Milton's mission was to show not only what caused man's fall, but also the consequences upon the world, both bad and good. A concept central to this tale is that of the “felix culpa” or fortunate fall. This is the philosophy that the good which ultimately evolves as a result of the fall—God's mercy, the coming of Christ, redemption and salvation—leaves us in a better place, with opportunity for greater good than would have been possible without the fall.
“Three poets in three distant ages born
Greece, Italy and England did adorn;
The first in loftiness of thought surpassed.
The second in majesty; in both the last.”
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
2 Peter 3: Because some scriptures are hard to understand and some will force them to say things God never intended, Peter warns us to take care.
https://youtu.be/nV4kGHFsEHw
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
strengthen your personal intention to open each chakra more fully. These are designed
to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
Discover various methods for clearing negative entities from your space and spirit, including energy clearing techniques, spiritual rituals, and professional assistance. Gain practical knowledge on how to implement these techniques to restore peace and harmony. For more information visit here: https://www.reikihealingdistance.com/negative-entity-removal/
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
1. ‘Tis all in pieces, all coherence gone
John Donne,
An Anatomy of the World
2. THE PETITION OF RIGHTS (1628) which greatly
limited the power of the king
Charles married Henriette Marie, the Catholic
daughter of the King of France, appointed the
Cardinal William Laud as Archbishop of
Canterbury
THE CIVIL WAR (1642
3. Abolishment of the House of Lords
Restoration of the international prestige
Reorganization of the Navy
More successful in foreign than in internal policy
At his death, his son proved unable to rule
1659 THE GENERAL GEORGE MONK SUMMONED A NEW
PARLIAMENT WHERE BOTH HOUSES WERE RESTORED
AND IN 1660 THE PARLIAMENT INVITED CHARLES II TO
RETURN THE REPUBLIC WAS OVER
4. ‘
JOHN MILTON
PARADISE LOST
Genre
• Desire to write a poem to glorify England
• Use of English language
• Possible genres: epic; tragic; lyric
The choice of the genre is not simply a matter of
seeking the perfect medium for his story but
the anxiety of a writer seeking to place himself
within a centuries-old poetic tradition.
Writing an epic, Milton places himself in the
tradition of prior epic writers such as Homer,
Virgil, Dante, Tasso and Ariosto.
5. ‘
Common features with classical and Renaissance
epic;
1. It begins in medias res
2. It deals with heavenly and earthly beings and the
interactions between them
3. It uses conventions such as epic similes,
catalogues of people and places and invocations
to a muse
4. It contains themes common to epics such as war,
nationalism, empire and stories of origin
Different features:
• Unlike the Iliad and the Aeneid, Paradise Lost has
no identified hero.
Possible heroes:
1. Satan (the most Achilles-like character,
sorrounded with many epic features)
2. The Son of God, but although he is an important
force in the poem, the story is not ultimately about
him
6. ‘
3. Adam. He resembles Aeneas in many respects: he is
the father of a new race, responsible for founding
civilization on earth but, unlike Aeneas, his primary
heroic act is not heroic at all: it is the first act of
disobedience.
In Paradise Lost, Milton is reconfiguring the old model of
the hero redefining notions of herosm for his 17° century
English Protestant audience
Although mostly an epic, Paradise Lost contains
elements of Lyric poetry and of tragedy (the use of
soliloquy, among the others).
Milton’s first attempt to write the story of man’s fall took
the form of a tragedy that he later rejected in favor of
epic
7. MILTON’S GOD
Classical gods and goddesses desires and
disagreements often mirror humans’ ones
Milton’s God is invisible and omnipresent
How could Milton describe God to the reader? The
infinite to humans?
He describes God and his infinity in tangible terms
by portraying God as if he were an individual, when
he is something much greater. Everything relating to
God in Paradise Lost should be understood as a kind
of metaphor , a device used to play the divine in
human terms.
Milton’s God is a harsh and uncompromising judge
over his subjects and this is in contrast with the aim
of Milton which was that of ‘justifie the wayes of God
to men’(P.L.1.26)
8. Milton wants his God to appear less wicked than the
traditional Christian one and He often appears on the
defensive, explaining again and again that his
foreknowledge of the fall has nothing to do with fate:
Adam and Eve fall on their own free will, not because
God in any way decreed it.
This defensive tone little has to do with an omnipotent
deity, but Milton needs it in order to justify God: hence
the endless potential for contradiction in Milton’s
presentation of God.
God does not simply want absolute obedience in his
subjects, he wants the obedience of free beings:
‘Not free, what proof could they have givn sincere
Of true allegiance, constant Faith and Love’
God’s complexities do make him difficult to find
trustworthy, while Satan’s seemingly logical challenges
to his authority are quite appealing.
9. William Blake found Milton’s depiction of God so far
inferior to his depiction of Satan that he considered
Milton to be an unwitting Satanist.
According to him, God’s language is ‘flat, uncolored,
unmetaphorical’ compared with Satan’s vivid and
inspiring rhetoric.
There’s another theory, by Stanley Fish, according
to which Milton deliberately lets Satan seduce not
only Adam and Eve but the reader as well: the
reader is first seduced by Satan’s powerful and
impressive logic, then slowly realizes that the logic is
in fact twisted and nonsensical. The reading
experience becomes the transposition of man’s loss
and, through the sin experienced while reading and
being fascinated by an appealing Satan, the reader
emerges renewed with a greater sense od faith,
which is the ultimate goal of the poem.
10. MILTON’S REDEFINITION OF
MARRIAGE
Milton’s epic of theology and politics, heaven, hell,
creation, free will and redemption, features a human
relationship at its centre.
Paradise is lost after Adam chooses to disobey God,
choosing, according to Milton, Eve instead.
Milton’s Adam exclaims to Eve :
How can I live without thee, how forgoe
Thy sweet Converse and Love so dearly joyn’d?
In response to this choice, the Son demands:
Was she thy God?
In Milton’s Paradise Lost, human love challenges God’s
claim to unquestioning human obedience.
11. In Genesis, the story of Adam and Eve’s fall is told in a
single line:
She took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also
unto her husband with her; and he did eat (Genesis 3.6)
In Paradise Lost, Adam eats the fruit of knowledge two
hundred fourteen lines after Eve.
Milton imagines an intervening mental strife unequalled
in the history of the world as Adam comes to chose love
and death over rational knowledge of God.
The story is no longer one of disobedience, but man’s
disobedience in favour of a human relationship.
The Adam of Genesis sins against God after Eve gives
him the apple; the Adam of Paradise Lost sins against
God not because of what Eve gives him but because of
what he needs of her.
The critic Gregory Chaplin argues that Paradise Lost is
remarkable as a ‘stage where Milton has the opportunity
to depict his idea union’ which is ‘a merger of
neoplatonic friendship and Christian marriage’
12. Marriage is the original human relation.
According to some critics, Milton redefines marriage as
principally a conversation, in order to diminish the
division between marriage and friendship.
There’s a shift from marriage for procreation and
physical aspect to a relationship that satisfies the desire
for classical friendship and intellectual fulfillment.
This Adam desires any fit companion and laments
In solitude
What happiness, who can enjoy alone? (P.L.8.364-5)
Adam, unlike God, is incomplete without companionship
and this single imperfection will occasion mankind’s
downfall, as the need for companionship will obstruct the
rational choice to prefer obedience to God above other
necessities.
According to the critic J.G. Turner ‘Milton’s ideal of
married love is a private bonding of male and female
suffused with erotic energy’.
13. In Milton, the ideal relationship requires a special bond
offered by marriage: a person existing only for another.
But after the fall, lust quickly perverts the pure assertion
of devotion
That false fruit
Carnal desire enflaming (P.L.9.1011-13)
opening for the human carnal desires that would distort
human relationship.
THE SON
He is a more classical hero than the other figures in
Paradise lost. Like many classical heroes he is a king, a
great statesman and a military champion. He is both
glorious and vulnerable. Glorious in his godliness,
goodness and military prowess and vulnerable in the
promise of his future humanity and suffering as the
incarnate Christ.
14. Milton’s goal is not simply to create a classical epic with
a traditional hero but the exploration and redefinition of
heroes and heroism.
Milton says that Paradise Lost is about something
different than ‘fabl’d knights in battels feign’d’ but rather
‘patience and heroic martyrdom’ . This is a Christian
definition of heroism.
The Son in Paradise Lost is called the Son because he
is not the historical figure Jesus, nor the risen Christ: he
is the Son of God, a God-figure who sits at the right
hand of the Father. Milton distinguishes between God
the Father and God the Son by implying that the Father
is invisible and ineffable, while the Son is the Father
substantially expressed. While the Father exists in the
‘pure Empyrean’, the Son as his substantial expression
descends to Earth to judge Adam and Eve after the Fall,
and it the Son who will take human form to in order to
redeem mankind.
15. Chronologically, the very first scene that Milton describes
in Paradise Lost occurs when God announces to the
Angles that he has begotten the Son. God says
This day have I begot whom I declare
My onely Son your Head I him appoint
This declaration is the occasion of Satan’s rebellion and
the start of the war in Heaven, the result of which is the
explulsion of one third of the angels from Heaven an
God’s creation of Eden.
The Son is of fundamental importance in the act of
creation, the revelation of Godhead within history and
the salvation of man.
In this sense, the Son is a hero.
16. KNOWLEDGE IN PARADISE LOST
The end then of Learning is to repair the ruines of our
first Parents by regaining to know God aright, and out of
that knowledge to love him
(Of Education, Milton)
Knowledge and education play important roles in
Paradise Lost since Milton is writing about the first
humans on earth, humans who have no history and no
way of knowing the world except through God’d
inspiration.
Human knowledge is attained through discourse while
angelic knowledge is attained through intuition.
Raphael explains Adam the story of the war in Heaven
and the creation of the Earth but stops when Adam asks
him about the nature of the universe, because the goal of
knowledge is not to know everything in the universe but
to increase our ‘appreciation of God’s goodness’ and
increase our faith.
17. Creation has to be both enjoyed and understood as a
sign of God; to examine it critically is to forget man’s
place in it.
Raphael says:
Knowledge is as food, needs no less
Her temperance over Appetite (P.L.7.127-27)
Just as we should be temperate with food, we must
discriminate between different kinds of knowledge,
avoiding that which will move us away from God.
This brings to the Tree of Knowledge of Good and
Evil whose importance is less in the knowledge it
brings than in its function of ‘sign of our obedience’.
Different types of knowledge before and after the fall:
when Adam and Eve eat the fruit they lose the
capacity to attain intuitive knowledge and gain
knowledge of the darkness into which creation falls
when it is deprived of God’d goodness. The fallen
Adam has less access to an understanding of God
and Heaven than the unfallen one, and Michael
speaks to Adam in a more understandable way than
Raphael
18. Milton’s Paradise is a place where Adam and Eve have
instant knowledge of everything they can name and are
simultaneously too pure to know unhappiness or
recognize evil when they see it.