1. GAAP PRINCIPLES
GENERAL ACCEPETED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
PRESENTED BY : MBONGISENI CEZA

2. ACCOUNTING

3. ACCOUNTING
• The process of recording of
business transactions is called
accounting.
OR
• The action or process of keeping
financial accounts is called
accounting.

4. GAAP (Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles)
The rules that govern accounting are
called GAAP (Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles).
 Provides a fair financial image of the company.
 Provides with different Information:
 Revenue recognition.
 Balance sheet item classification.
 Outstanding share measurements

5. • The common set of accounting
principles, standards and
procedures.
• Combination of authoritative
standards (set by policy boards)
and simply, the commonly
accepted ways.

6. Main Categories of GAAP
• Assets: An asset is an item of value
owned by a company.
• Liabilities: In
accounting, liabilities are obligations
of the company, to transfer something
of value to another party.
• Equity: Equity is the owner's value in
an asset or group of assets.

7. The GAAP principles are divided into
two categories
1. Accounting Concepts: Accounting
Concepts are basic assumptions or
conditions upon which science of
accounting is based.
2. Accounting Conventions: Accounting
Conventions include those customs and
traditions which are followed up by an
accountant while preparing a financial
statement.

8. Accounting Concepts
Accounting Concept Includes:
Separate Entity Concept
 It is helpful in keeping the business
affairs strictly free from the effect of the
private affairs of the proprietor(s).
 Amount invested by the proprietor is
shown as “ Liability”.
 Amount paid for the personal expenses
of the proprietor are shown as drawings
from the capital of the proprietor.

9. Accounting Concepts
Money Measurement Concept
 Only the transactions which can be
recorded in terms of money are
recorded.
 This is being used so as to provide a
common yardstick (i.e. money) for
measurement.

10. Dual Aspect Concept
 Every business transaction has a dual
affect i.e. it affects two accounts.
 This is based on accounting equation:
Liabilities = Assets.
 Owner’s equity + Outsider’s equity =
Assets.
 This equation can be explained as “for
every debit there is an equivalent
credit”.

11. FOUR ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS
GAAP PRINCIPLES
Matching Concept
It is the basis for recording expenses and
includes two steps:
1. Identify all the expenses incurred during
the accounting period.
2. Measure the expenses and the match
the expenses against the revenues
earned.
Revenues – Cost = Net income or Profit.

12. Going Concern Concept
Business would continue to operate
indefinitely in the future. Business
will not cease doing business,
neither; it will sell its assets to pay
off its liabilities

13. Cost Concept
Assets and liabilities should be
recorded at the historical cost
i.e. costs as on acquisition.

14. Accounting Period Concept
Accounting period is the span of time, at
the end of which financial statements
are prepared to throw light on the results
of the operations at the end of a relevant
period and the financial position at the
end of a relevant period.

15. Realization Concept
The Revenue principle governs two things:
1. When to record revenue
2. Amount of revenue to record
To be recognized, revenue must be:
Earned: Goods are delivered or a service is
performed.
Realized: Cash or claim to cast (credit) is
received in exchange for goods and
services rendered.

16. TWO ACCOUNTING CONVENTIONS
GAAP PRINCIPLES
Full Disclosure
Financial statements should be honestly
prepared and sufficiently, disclose
information which is of material interest
to proprietors, present and potential
creditors and investors

17. Materiality
Only material or significant details
are to be recorded leaving the
insignificant or minute details. This
is done to prevent overburdening of
accounts.

18. THANK YOU