2. D
efinitio n o f IV Fluids
Theword "intravenous" asanoun refers to an intravenous
fluid drip, asolution (usually abalanced electrolyte solution)
administered directly into the venous circulation.
Intravenous (iv) therapy is the insertion of a
needle or catheter/cannula into avein, based
on the physician’s written prescription. The
needle or catheter / cannula is attached to a
sterile tubing and a fluid container to provide
medication and fluids.
3. Indications o f IV Therapy
provide fluid and electrolyte maintenance, restoration,
and replacement
• Administer medication and nutritional replacement
• Administer blood and blood products
• Administer chemotherapy to cancerpatients
• Administer key-controlledanalgesics
• Keepavein open for quick access
4. TYPES O
F IV FLUIDS
1/colloid:
Solutions that contain large molecules that
don’t passthe cellmembranes.
When infused, they remain in the intravascular
compartment and expand the intravascular
volume and they draw fluid from
extravascular spacesvia their higher oncotic
pressure.
5. TYPES O
F IV FLUIDS
Volume expanders(Colloid)
–Are usedto increasethe blood volume
following
severelossof blood (haemorrhage) or lossof
plasma ( severeburns).
–Expanderspresent in dextran, plasma, and
albumin.
6. TYPES O
F IV FLUIDS
2/Crystalloid:
Solutions that contain small molecules that flow easily
acrossthe cell membranes, allowing for transfer
from the bloodstream into the cellsand body
tissues.
This will increasefluid volume in both the interstitial
and intravascular spaces( Extravascular).
Itis subdivided into:
Isotonic •
Hypotonic •
hypertonic •
7. TYPES O
F IV FLUIDS
Electrolyte solutions(Crystalloid)
–Fluids that consist of water and dissolved
crystals, such assalts andsugar.
–Usedasmaintenance fluids to correct body
fluids and electrolyte deficit .
–Divided todifferent types.
8. Solutions Types
1/ Hypotonic -solutions
that have alower
osmolality than body
fluids
2/ Hypertonic -solutions
that have ahigher
osmolality thanbody
fluids
3/ Isotonic -solutions that
have the same
osmolality asbodyfluids
12. or Drip
Continuous IV
Infusion – IV fluids or
medications such as
aminophylline and heparin are
added to IV fluid container and
hung at the patient’s bedside and
allow to drip slowly into a vein by
gravity flow or through the use of
electrical battery- operated
volumetric infusion pumps. This is
slow, primary line infusion of an IV
preparation to maintain a
therapeutic drug level or provide
fluid and electrolyte replacement.
13.
14. Intermittent IV Infusion – This allows drug
administered at specific intervals.
Three different techniques may be
used:
15. Heparin lock or heparin
well system – Heparin
lock is a device
consisting of an IV
needle attached to a
short plastic tube which
terminates in a rubber
seal through which
medication is injected or
infused at designated
times.
16.
17. IV Piggyback
IV Piggyback – Medication is
added to a small volume container
and connected as a secondary
infusion to a primary IV line.
18.
19. Additive Set Infusion
– Use of volume
control device
designed to administer
small amounts of fluids
over a specified time
period. Usually 30 to
60 minutes, by
attaching its fluid
chamber to an
independent fluid
supply or placed
directly under the
established primary IV
line.
20.
21. How to calculateIV flowrates !
Intravenous fluid must be given at aspecific rate,neither too fast nor too slow.
Thespecific rate maybe measured asml/hour, L/hour or drops/min. Tocontrol or
adjust the flow rate onlydropsper minute areused.
22. How to calculateIV flowrates !
What isadrop factor?
Drop factor is the number of drops in one milliliter
used in IV fluid administration (also called drip
factor). Anumber of different drop factors are
available but theCommonest are:
1 10drops/ml (blood set)
2 15drops / ml (regularset)
3 60 drops / ml (microdrop, burette)
26. N
ur si ng car e dur i ng I VF
administrations
Checkthe IV solution for the type amount, percent of solution and rate of
flow
• Assessthe health status andmedical disorders
• Washhands thoroughly andusesterile technique
• Prime the tubing to remove air from the system
• Changethe IV site every 48 – 72hrs
• Changethe IV dressingevery72hrsespecially when wet and
contaminated
• Changethe IV tubing every24to 72hrs
•Label the tubing, dressing and solution bags indicating the date and time
when changed
• Before adding med or solutions, swab accessports with 70%alcohol
•In preparing toAdminister IntravenousTherapythe nurseselects the
most appropriate insertion site and type of cannula for aparticular
patient
• Documentation
29. COMPLICATIONS
Infiltration – Edema,
pain, and coolness at
the site
Catheter embolism –
decrease BP
,pain
along vein, weak,rapid
pulse, cyanosisof
nail beds, lossof
consciousness
30. COMPLICATIONS
Circulatory overload –
increased BP
,
distended jugularveins,
rapid breathing,
dyspnea, moist cough
and crackles
Electrolyte overload –signs
depend onthe
specific electrolyte
imbalance
