A
SEMINAR
ON
CELL- THEORY
G.D. RUNGTA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHENOLOGY,1
BY
HUMA NAZ SIDDIQUI
ASST. PROFESSOR

 INTRODUCTION
• DEFINATION
• HISTORY
• SHAPE & SIZE
• STRUCTURE
• TYPES
• CONCLUSION
• SUMMARY
• REFRENCES
CELL THEROY
S
Y
N
O
P
S
I
S

I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
The CELL is the basic unit of organization or structure of
all living matter.
 The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
 All cells come from pre-existing cells.
CELL THEROY
4

THE structure unit called call. the concept that the call is
basic unit of life is know as the cell theory.
 THE structure unit called call. the concept
that the call is basic unit of life is know as
the cell theory. OR
 “ A cell is the structure and functional unit
of living body.”
CELL THEROY
D
E
F
I
N
A
T
I
O
N

CELL THEORY
6
.T. Schwann (1839)
M.I schleiden (1839)
Rudolf Virchow – 1855
•German physician who studied cell reproduction
•“Where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell…..”
•“ new cell develop from the division of pre- existing cell.”
•It is known as law of cell lineage.
THE PROKARYOTS : PRO :PRIMITIVE
KARYON: NUCLEUS
HANS RIS(1960) DISCOVERED BY
H
I
S
T
O
R
Y

•Bacteria e.g. Eschericia coli (aka
E.coli)
• Size=1 µm by 3 µm
7
S
I
Z
E
CELL THEORY

S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
CELL THEORY
FIG1:-plantcell

FIG2:-PLANTCELL
CELL THEORY
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E

CELL THEORY
RIBOSOMES
• make proteinsS
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
FIG 3: RIBOSOMES

 The ribosome (from ribonucleic acid and the Greek soma,
meaning "body") is a large and complex molecular machine,
found within all living cells,
 that serves as the primary site of biological protein synthesis
(translation).
 Ribosome's link amino acids together in the order specified by
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
 A ribosome is made from complexes of RNAs and proteins and is
therefore a ribonucleoprotein.
 Each ribosome is divided into two subunits: the smaller subunit binds
to the mRNA pattern, while the larger subunit binds to the tRNA and
the amino acids.
 Ribosomes from bacteria, archaic and eukaryotes (the three domains
of life on Earth) differ in their size, sequence, structure, and the ratio
of protein to RNA.
CELL THEORY

MITOCHONDRIA
 Power plant of the cell
 Produces energy
 Richard Altmann, in 1894,
established them as cell
organelles and called
them "bioblasts". The
term "mitochondria" itself
was coined by Carl Benda
in 1898 .
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
CELL THEORY
FIG 4: MITOCONDRIA

 The mitochondrion is a membrane-enclosed
structure found in most eukaryotic cells (the
cells that make up plants, animals, and many
other forms of life).
 Mitochondria range from 0.5 to
1.0 micrometer (μm) in diameter.
 These organelles are sometimes described as
"cellular power plants" because they generate
most of the cell's supply of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of
chemical energy.
 Greek mitos, i.e. "thread", and , chondrion, i.e.
"granule".
 Richard Altmann, in 1894, established them as
cell organelles and called them "bioblasts".
 The term "mitochondria" itself was coined by
Carl Benda in 1898.
CELL THEORY
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E

GOLGIAPPARATUS
Stacks of disk shaped membranes.
Sort
Package proteins
Process
• The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi
complex,
• Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found
in most eukaryotic cells.
• It was identified in 1897 by the Italian physician
Camillo Golgi and named after him in 1898
CELL THEORY
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E

 Golgi–Holmgren apparatus", "Golgi–
Holmgren ducts", and "Golgi–Kopsch
apparatus".
 The term "Golgi apparatus" was used in
1910 and first appeared in scientific literature
in 1913
CELL THEORY
G
O
L
G
I
-
B
O
D
Y

NUCLEUS
Contains DNA – produce instructions for protein
synthesis.
Contain chromosomes
Produce ribosome in
the nucleolus.
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
CELL THEORY
FIG 6:- NUCLEUS

 In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from
Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a
membrane-enclosed organelle found in
eukaryotic cells.
 It contains most of the cell's genetic material,
organized as multiple long linear DNA
molecules in complex with a large variety of
proteins, such as histones, to form
chromosomes.
 The genes within these chromosomes are the
cell's nuclear genome.
 The function of the nucleus is to maintain the
integrity of these genes and to control the
activities of the cell by regulating gene
expression — the nucleus is, therefore.
 the control center of the cell.The main
structures making up the nucleus are the
nuclear membrane.
CELL THEORY
N
U
C
L
E
A
S

• 1ST:- CLASSICAL CELL THEORY:-
• It is applicable for almost to all living things , micro-organism,
plant, and
animal
• 2nd:- MODERN CELL THEORY (Cell Principle):-
Given by :-Rudolf Virchow(1855)
• All organism are composed of cells.
• New cell arise from pre-existing cell.
• All cells are basically alike in chemical composition & metabolic
activities.
• All the activities of an organism as a whole is the outcome of the
activities and interactions of the constituting the body of that
organism.
CELL THEORY
T
Y
P
E
S

Name
Structural unit
Size
Genetic material
Chromosomes
Nuclear member
His tone proteins
Nucleolus
Cell wall
Cell division
Sexual reproduction
DNA
ribosome
Prokaryote cells
Bacteria(algae)
0.1-5.0/µm
Naked DNA
1
Absent
Absent
Absent
Mainly consist of carbohydrates and
amino acid complex
Binary fission
Absent
Less than
70 S
Eukaryote cells
Plant & animals
5-100µm
DNA complexes with protein
>1
present
Present
present
Ceullose,pectin hemiceoullose
Mitosis
present
More than
80S

The cell is ” the basic structure & function unit
of living Organisms” capable of carrying out all
the activities necessary for life. Thus, a theory was
given the cell known as cell theory , There is a
great amount of variability in cell shape & size
takes Place.
CELL THEORY
C
O
N
C
L
U
S
I
O
N

 Cell theory-Historical invention of microscope
&cell.
 Classical cell theory :–Given by Schelden &
Schwann.
 Exception of classical cell theory.
 Objection of classical cell theory.
 Modern cell theory:-Given by Rudolf
Virchow.
 Basic property of cell ,According to modern
cell theory.
 Type of cell:- Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cell.
S
U
M
M
A
R
Y
CELL THEORY

M.Cooper
Gerald Karp
P .K. Gupta
2009
2007
2003
The cell :A Molecular
Approach
5th Edition
Cell & molecular biology
5th Edition
Cell & molecular biology
2nd Edition
CELL THEORY
R
E
F
R
E
N
C
E
S

24
THANKING
YOU