POLYPYRROLE_NANOCOMPOSITES_FOR_CORROSION.pdf

1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
PAPER
ID
PRESENTER TITLE OF ABSTRACT PAGES
001 Nor Athirah Mohd Zin
POROSITY EFFECT ON UNSTEADY MHD FREE
CONVECTION FLOW OF JEFFREY FLUID PAST
AN OSCILLATING VERTICAL PLATE WITH
RAMPED WALL TEMPERATURE
2
002 Ibrahim Abdullahi
GLOBAL CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF A NEW
HYBRID CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD FOR
UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
2
008 Nurhidayah Zaid
ON THE GENERALIZED CONJUGACY CLASS
GRAPH OF SOME DIHEDRAL GROUPS
3
011 Norarida Abd Rhani
ON THE DOMINATING NUMBER,
INDEPENDENT NUMBER AND THE
REGULARITY OF THE RELATIVE CO-PRIME
GRAPH OF A GROUP
3
012 Imran Ullah
MHD FREE CONVECTION FLOW OF CASSON
FLUID OVER A PERMEABLE NONLINEARLY
STRETCHING SHEET WITH CHEMICAL
REACTION
4
014 Jibril Aminu
REPRESENTATION OF MULTI-CONNECTED
SYSTEM OF FUZZY STATE SPACE MODELING
(FSSM) IN POTENTIAL METHOD BASED ON A
NETWORK CONTEXT
4
015 Zainab Mahamud
GENERATED PATHS OF AUTOCATALYTIC SET
OF SECONDARY SYSTEM OF PRESSURIZED
WATER REACTOR
5
017
Siti Norziahidayu Amzee
Zamri
ON THE GENERALIZED COMMUTING AND
NON-COMMUTING GRAPHS OF METACYLIC 3-
GROUPS
5
019
Wan Norliyana Wan
Ismail
ESTIMATION OF MISSING DATA FOR
TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA BY USING SPATIAL
INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE METHODS
6
021 Nur Idayu Alimon
THE ADJACENCY MATRIX OF THE CONJUGATE
GRAPH OF METACYCLIC 2-GROUP
6
023
Noorzehan Fazahiyah Md
Shab
HYDROMAGNETIC BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW
OF A DUSTY FLUID IN A POROUS MEDIUM
OVER A STRETCHING SHEET WITH SLIP
EFFECT
7
025 Athirah Zulkarnain
ON THE CONJUGATE GRAPH OF FINITE P-
GROUPS
7

2
028 Wan Nor Zaleha Amin
G-JITTER FULLY DEVELOPED HEAT
TRANSFER BY MIXED CONVECTION FLOW
OF NANOFLUID IN A VERTICAL CHANNEL
8
029 Rabiha Mahmoud
THE LAPLACIAN ENERGY OF CONJUGACY
CLASS GRAPH OF SOME DIHEDRAL GROUPS
8
031 Ibrahim Gambo
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF REGULAR
ORDERED Г-SEMIGROUPS IN TERMS OF
(∈,∈VQ_K )-FUZZY Г-IDEALS
9
032 Surajo Sulaiman
MECHANIZATION OF THE STURMFEL-SALMON
RESULTANT METHOD
9
033 Nuramirah Akrom
FAST ENSEMBLE EMPIRICAL MODE
DECOMPOSITION FOR FORECASTING CRUDE
OIL AND CONDENSATES DATA
10
034 Surajo Sulaiman
A HYBRID METHOD FOR SOLVING
NONLINEAR KORTEWEG DE-DRIES (KDV)
EQUATIONS
10
036 Nabilah Najmuddin
THE INDEPENDENCE POLYNOMIAL OF N-TH
CENTRAL GRAPH OF DIHEDRAL GROUPS
11
037 Nur Syamilah Arifin
ALIGNED MAGNETIC FIELD ON DUSTY
CASSON FLUID OVER A STRETCHING SHEET
WITH NEWTONIAN HEATING
11
041
Ahmad Zaki Mohamad
Amin
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION SYSTEM
12
043 Laila Amera Aziz
BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW OF MIXED
CONVECTION VISCOELASTIC MICROPOLAR
FLUID OVER A HORIZONTAL CIRCULAR
CYLINDER WITH ALIGNED
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EFFECT
12
045
Noor Amalina Nisa
Ariffin
STOCHASTIC TAYLOR EXPANSION OF
DERIVATIVE-FREE METHOD FOR STOCHASTIC
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
13
048 Atikah Ramli
A COMBINATION OF BFGS AND N-TH SECTION
METHOD FOR SOLVING SMALL-SCALE
UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION
13
049 Imza Fakhri
AN N-TH SECTION LINE SEARCH IN
CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD FOR SMALL-
SCALE UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION
14
050 Mohd Rivaie
THE N-TH SECTION METHOD : A
MODIFICATION OF BISECTION
14

3
051 Syazwani Mohd Zokri
INFLUENCE OF RADIATION AND VISCOUS
DISSIPATION ON MHD JEFFREY FLUID OVER A
STRETCHING SHEET WITH CONVECTIVE
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
15
053 Ng Kar Yong
QUANTILE REGRESSION FOR ANALYSING
PM10 CONCENTRATIONS IN PETALING JAYA 15
058
Ahmad Qushairi
Mohamad
HEAT TRANSFER ON ROTATING SECOND
GRADE FLUID THROUGH AN ACCELERATED
PLATE
16
064 Mohamad Alif Bin Ismail
TRANSIENT MHD MIXED CONVECTION FLOW
OF NANOFLUID AT FORWARD STAGNATION
POINT PAST A SPHERE
16
065 Mohd Rashid Admon
MACROPHAGES INTERACTIONS IN BREAST
CANCER BY PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATION
17
068
Muhammad Fadhil
Marsani
THE DISTRIBUTION OF EXTREME SHARE
RETURN IN DIFFERENT MALAYSIAN
ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES
17
073
Nurul Syafiah Abd
Naeeim
ESTIMATING RELATIVE RISK FOR SPATIO-
TEMPORAL DISEASE MAPPING USING INLA 18
084 Mohd Rijal Ilias
UNSTEADY MHD FREE CONVECTION OF
FERROFLUIDS ALONG A VERTICAL FLAT
SURFACE
18
085 Dare Jayeola
EFFECTS OF DIVERSIFICATION OF ASSETS IN
OPTIMIZING RISK OF PORTFOLIO
19
092 Noraihan Afiqah Rawi
EFFECT OF GRAVITY MODULATION ON MIXED
CONVECTION FLOW OF SECOND GRADE
FLUID WITH DIFFERENT SHAPES OF
NANOPARTICLES
19
095 Siti Nor Asiah Isa
COMPARISON OF ALGORITHMS FOR
COMPUTING THE GCD OF POLYNOMIALS IN
THE ORTHOGONAL BASIS
20
100 Muhamad Hanis Nasir
RECENT UPDATES ON THE MATHEMATICAL
MODELLING OF RADIATION-INDUCED
BYSTANDER EFFECTS
20
103 Siti Nur Haseela Izani
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER OF STEADY MHD
MIXED CONVECTION OF DUSTY FLUID FLOW
WITH CHEMICAL REACTION PAST AN
EXPONENTIALLY STRETCHING SHEET
21
104 Nor Atirah Izzah Zulkefli
THE APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGISTIC
EQUATIONS IN POPULATION GROWTH WITH
PARAMETER ESTIMATION VIA MINIMIZATION
21
105
Nor Afifah Hanim
Zulkefli
MULTISCALE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD
FOR ACOUSTIC WAVE MODEL
22

4
84 Suguneswary Ellappan
AUTOCOVARIANCE AND AUTOCORRELATION
STRUCTURES OF THE GENERALISED
AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE
22
111
Nur Farhanah Kahal
Musakkal
A PENALIZED LIKELIHOOD APPROACH TO
MODEL THE ANNUAL MAXIMUM FLOW WITH
SMALL SAMPLE SIZES
23

5
CHEMISTRY
PAPER
ID
003 Kalaivani Batumalaie
A NOVEL ALKALINE-STABLE LIPASE FROM
ACINETOBACTER HAEMOLYTICUS ISOLATED
FROM THE EFFLUENT OF PALM OIL MILL
25
005
Ida Nurhazwani Abd
Rahman
RHIZOMUCOR MIEHEI LIPASE SUPPORTED ON
CHITOSAN-CHITIN-MAGNETITE
NANOPARTICLES FOR EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS
OF PENTYL VALERATE
25
006 Nursyafiqah Elias
CANDIDA RUGOSA LIPASE SUPPORTED ON
BIOMASS-BASED NANOCELLULOSE-
CHITOSAN COMPOSITE FOR SYNTHESIS OF
BUTYL BUTYRATE
26
013 Salam Abed
ANTI-ACETYLCHOLINESTRASE ACTIVITY OF
PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE
TWIGS OF PELLACALYX SACCARDIANUS
(RHIZOPHORACEAE)
27
024 Siti Nadiah Md Ajeman
ALUMINUM EFFECT ON PROTON TRANSFER IN
PROPYLSULFONIC ACID FUNCTIONALIZED-
ZSM-5: A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY
27
035 Norazah Basar
OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED
EXTRACTION PROCESS OF ANTHRAQUINONES
FROM ROOT OF CASSIA SINGUEANA
(FABACEAE)
28
039 Syarah Mat Udin
PRELIMINARY SIMULATION STUDY ON THE
STAR POLYMER SYSTEM WITH IBUPROFENS
28
054 Alister G. Willis
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
PALLADIUM-POLYANILINE AS
CHEMOCHROMIC HYDROGEN GAS DETECTOR
29
060
Nur Haziqah Che
Marzuki
INSIDE THE TECHNOLOGIES OF PREPARATION
AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
NANOEMULSION
29
062 Nur Faraliana Japri
SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS MATERIALS AS
ADSORBENT FOR PRECONCENTRATION OF
PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE
30
063 Rosliana Rusli
DETERMINATION OF BINDING CONSTANT OF
MOLECULAR COMPLEX BETWEEN Β-
CYCLODEXTRIN AND BISPHENOL A BY 1H
NMR SPECTROSCOPY
30
069 Nor Syahiran Zahidin
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF POTENTIAL HERBAL
TEA, ACALYPHA INDICA AND COMPARISON
WITH DOMESTIC TEA IN MALAYSIA MARKET
31
070 Emmanuel Onoja
UTILIZATION OF OIL PALM LEAVES ASH AS
SUPPORT MATRIX FOR LIPASE
IMMOBILIZATION
32
075
Muhammad Afiq Khir
Anuar
CONVERSION OF CHICKEN VISCERA INTO
PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE FOR PALATANT
PRODUCTION
32
076 Magaji Ladan
POLYPYRROLE NANOCOMPOSITES FOR
CORROSION CONTROL
33
078 Shehu Habibu ANTIBACTERIAL FINISHING OF A DYED 34

6
COTTON FABRICS USING DIOSPYROS
MESPILIFORMIS LEAVES EXTRACTS
079 Naimat Eleburuike
ROLE OF ACID WASHING ON THE
PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF
HYDROTHERMALLY-PREPARED TIO2
NANOTUBES
34
082 Nur Fatin Sulaiman
THE SYNTHESIS OF BINARY METAL OXIDE
SUPPORTED ON Γ-AL2O3 FOR APPLICATION IN
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF LOW-GRADE
COOKING OIL
35
090 Lim Qian Ying
RHEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL
CHARACTERIZATION OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
LOADED LIPID NANOPARTICLES IN
THERMORESPONSIVE GEL FOR TOPICAL
APPLICATION
36
094 Faezeah Abd Ghani
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
PTFE FLAT SHEET MEMBRANE: EFFECT OF
SODIUM BENZOATE CONTENT
36
096
Mohd Amir Asyraf Mohd
Hamzah
EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON THE
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF NATURAL
VIOLACEIN PIGMENT
37
097 Abdul Syukur Salehan
REPELLENCY PERFORMANCE OF CITRONELLA
OIL ON SITOPHYLUS ORYZAE AND ITS
APPLICATION IN FOOD PACKAGING
38
098
Rabi Atul Adawiyah
Mohd Ali
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
N-ACYLATED CHITOSAN-COATED
NANOLIPOSOME AS INTRAVENOUS DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEMS
38
099 Syazwani Dzolin
UNIQUE SIGNATURES OF HONEYS AS A
MEANS TO ESTABLISH THEIR PROVENANCE
39
101 Muntaka Dahiru
CARBON SOURCE SCREENING FOR NITRATE
REMEDIATION IN PERMEABLE RECATIVE
BARRIERS: ION CHROMATOGRAPHY
TECHNIQUE
39
112 Nur Royhaila Mohamad
ENHANCING THE EXTRACTION AND
RECOVERY OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM
HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA USING RESPONSE
SURFACE METHODOLOGY
40
113 Shu Er Tan
ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY TO BROMINATE
2,13-BENZOTHIADIAZOLE: PREPARATION OF
4,7-DIBROMOBENZO[C]-1,2,5-THIADIAZOLE
VIA N-BROMOSUCCINIMIDE
41
114 Uchenna Mgbenka
ENZMATIC BREAKDOWN OF
LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS: THE ROLE OF
GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES AND LYTIC
POLYSACCHARIDE MONOOXYGENASES
41

7
PHYSICS
PAPER
ID
007 Asad Thahe
MORPHOLOGY AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
OF PHOTO-ELECTROCHEMICALLY
SYNTHESIZED POROUS SILICON: INFLUENCE
VARYING CURRENT DENSITY
44
009 Habu Tela Abba
MEASUREMENT OF TERRESTRIAL GAMMA
RADIATION (TGR) DOSE RATES IN
CHARACTERISTIC GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS
OF JOS PLATEAU, NIGERIA.
44
016 Muhammad Izuan Miskon AIR PRESSURE SENSOR USING FBGS 45
022 Nur Nabihah Yusof
MODIFIED ABSORPTION ATTRIBUTES OF
NEODYMIUM DOPED MAGNESIUM-ZINC-
SULFOPHOSPHATE GLASS
45
026 Mohd Zulfahmi Bahaudin
LASER SURFACE ROUGHENING ON COPPER
ANALYZED USING SEM-EDX-MAPPING
46
040
Nik Noor Aien Mohamed
Abdul Ghani
THERMOLUMINESCENCE (TL) RESPONSE OF
SILICA NANOPARTICLES SUBJECTED TO 50
AND 100 GY GAMMA IRRADIATION
47
046 Nurul Anati Salleh
EFFECTS OF STRONTIUM CONCENTRATION
ON THERMOLUMINESCENCE GLOW CURVE OF
COPPER DOPED LITHIUM MAGNESIUM
BORATE GLASS
47
055 Siti Aishah Jupri
IMPROVED ABSORBANCE OF HOLMIUM
ACTIVATED MAGNESIUM-ZINC-
SULFOPHOSPHATE GLASS
48
057 Umar Aliyu Abubakar
SLANT TUBE CHARACTERIZATION FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF K0 -
STANDARDIZATION IN NIGERIAN RESEARCH
REACTOR-1
48
066
Tengku Nurul Hidayah
Tengku Kamarul Bahri
THERMOLUMINESCENE STUDIES OF CALCIUM
METABORATE (CAB2O4) NANOCRYSTAL
SYNTHESIZED BY SOLUTION COMBUSTION
METHOD
49
067 Siti Fatimah Ismail
STRUCTURAL AND ABSORPTION PROPERTIES
OF TITANIUM NANOPARTICLES EMBEDDED
ZINC MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE GLASS
49
074 Ying Xuan Ng
ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF PALLADIUM
DISULFIDE BY DENSITY FUNCTIONAL
THEORY
50
080
Zaidatul Aslamiyah
Tumijan
OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRO-KINETIC
METHOD FOR HEAVY METALS REMEDIATION
IN CONTAMINATED WATER
50
081 Afiq Radzwan
FIRST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS OF
ANTIMONY SULPHIDE SB2S3 FOR BULK AND
SURFACE STRUCTURES
51
102 Koon Chun Lai
OPTIMIZATION OF REFLECTOR ANTENNAS IN
RADIO TELESCOPES
51
106 Anir Syazwan Sharbirin
BIDIRECTIONAL-PUMPED TUNABLE
THULIUM-DOPED FIBER LASER USING A
52

8
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED FABRY-PEROT
ETALON FILTER
107 Siti Aisyah Reduan
MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE (MOS2) – BASED,
TUNABLE PASSIVELY Q-SWITCHED THULIUM-
FLOURIDE FIBER (TFF) LASER
52

2
POROSITY EFFECT ON UNSTEADY MHD FREE CONVECTION FLOW OF JEFFREY
FLUID PAST AN OSCILLATING VERTICAL PLATE WITH RAMPED WALL
TEMPERATURE
Nor Athirah Mohd Zin1
, Ahmad Qushairi Mohamad2
,
Ilyas Khan3
and Sharidan Shafie*4
1,2,4
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: norathirah24@gmail.com, ahmadqushairi91@yahoo.com, sharidan@utm.my)
3
Basic Sciences Department, College of Engineering Majmaah University,
Majmaah, SAUDI ARABIA.
(E-mail: ilyaskhanqau@yahoo.com)
The unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow of Jeffrey fluid embedded in
porous medium past an oscillating vertical plate generated by thermal radiation with ramped wall
temperature is investigated. The incompressible fluid is taken electrically conducting under the action
of transverse magnetic field towards the flow. Constitutive relation of Jeffrey fluid is employed to
model the governing equations in terms of partial differential equations with some physical
conditions. The transformed dimensionless governing equations are solved analytically using Laplace
transform technique. The impact of various pertinent parameters namely material parameter of Jeffrey
fluid 1
 , dimensionless parameter of Jeffrey fluid  , phase angle t
 , Hartmann number Ha ,
permeability parameter K , Grashof number Gr , Prandtl number Pr , radiation parameter Rd and
dimensionless time t on velocity and temperature distributions are presented graphically and
discussed in details. It is observed that, the permeability parameter tend to retard the fluid velocity for
ramped wall temperature but enhance the velocity for an isothermal plate. Besides that, the amplitude
of velocity and temperature fields for ramped wall temperature are always lower than isothermal
plate. A comparison with the existing published work is also provided to confirm the validity of the
present results and an excellent agreement are found.
Key words: Unsteady Jeffrey fluid, Porous medium, MHD, Oscillating vertical plate, Laplace
transform technique
GLOBAL CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF A NEW HYBRID CONJUGATE GRADIENT
METHOD FOR UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Ibrahim Abdullahi*1
and Rohanin Ahmad2
1, 2
(E-mail: iabdullahi94@gmail.com, rohanin@utm.my )
In this paper, we propose a new hybrid conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimization
problems. The proposed method comprises of βkDY, βk YWH, βkRAMI and βkNew. The βkNew
was constructed purposely for this proposed hybrid method. The method possesses sufficient descent
property irrespective of the line search. Under Strong Wolfe-Powell line search, we proved that the
method is globally convergent. Numerical experimentation show the effectiveness and robustness of
the proposed method when compare with the some hybrid as well as some modified conjugate
gradient methods.

3
Key words: Unconstrained optimization, Conjugate gradient, Global convergence, Descent
properties, Algorithm.
ON THE GENERALIZED CONJUGACY CLASS GRAPH OF SOME DIHEDRAL GROUPS
Nurhidayah Zaid*1
and Nor Haniza Sarmin2
1, 2
(E-mail: edayahzaid@yahoo.com, nhs@utm.my)
A graph is a mathematical structure which consists of vertices and edges that is used to model
relations between object. In this research, generalized conjugacy class graph is constructed for some
dihedral groups to show the relation between orbits and their cardinalities. In order to construct the
graph, the probability that an element of the dihedral groups fixes a set must first be obtained. The set
under this study is the set of all pairs of commuting elements in the form of (a,b) where a and b is the
elements of the dihedral groups and the lowest common multiple of the order of the elements is two.
The orbits of the set are then computed using conjugation action. Based on the results obtained, the
generalized conjugacy class graph is constructed and some graph properties are also found.
Key words: Graph theory, Conjugacy class, Dihedral group, Commutativity degree
ON THE DOMINATING NUMBER, INDEPENDENT NUMBER AND THE REGULARITY
OF THE RELATIVE CO-PRIME GRAPH OF A GROUP
N. Abd Rhani1,2
, N. M. Mohd Ali*1
, N. H Sarmin1
and A. Erfanian3
1
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor,
MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: normuhainiah@utm.my, nhs@utm.my)
2
Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam,
MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: arida.ar@gmail.com)
3
Department of Pure Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN.
(E-mail: erfanian@um.ac.ir)
Let H be a subgroup of a finite group G. The co-prime graph of a group is defined as a graph whose
vertices are elements of G and two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if the greatest common
divisor of order of x and y is equal to one. This concept has been extended to the relative co-prime
graph of a group with respect to a subgroup H, which is defined as a graph whose vertices are
elements of G and two distinct vertices x and y are joined by an edge if and only if their orders are co-
prime and any of x or y is in H. Some properties of graph such as the dominating number, degree of a
dominating set of order one and independent number are obtained. Lastly, the regularity of the relative
co-prime graph of a group is found.
Key words: Co-prime Graph, Relative Co-prime Graph, Dominating Number, Independent
Number, Regular Graph

4
MHD FREE CONVECTION FLOW OF CASSON FLUID
OVER A PERMEABLE NONLINEARLY STRETCHING SHEET WITH CHEMICAL
REACTION
Imran Ullah*1
, Sharidan Shafie2
and Ilyas Khan3
1,2
(E-mail: ullahimran14@gmail.com, sharidan@utm.my)
3
College of Engineering Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
The problem of heat and mass transfer free convection flow of Casson fluid over a porous nonlinear
stretching sheet in the presence of chemical reaction is investigated. Moreover the effect of magnetic
field is also considered. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary
differential equations by make use of suitable transformations and then solved numerically via Keller-
box method. The results for skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are obtained and
compared with previous results of the existing literature. The results are also reflected in good
agreement. It is noted that concentration of Casson fluid reduces rapidly by increasing Schmidt
number and chemical parameter. Also, thermal buoyancy and mass convective parameters enhance
the rate of heat transfer whereas increment in chemical reaction parameter reduces the heat transfer
rate. Moreover, both the fluid velocity and wall shear stress are observed to be decreased with
increment in suction/blowing parameter.
Key words: Casson fluid, MHD, Suction/Blowing, Free convection
REPRESENTATION OF MULTI-CONNECTED SYSTEM OF FUZZY STATE SPACE
MODELING (FSSM) IN POTENTIAL METHOD BASED ON A NETWORK CONTEXT
Jibril A.1
, Tahir A.*2
and Surajo S.3
1,2,3
Department of Mathematical Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
(E-mail: jibrilaminuikara@gmail.com, tahir@ibnusina.utm.my, allahuwahid@gmail.com)
The complexity of a system of Fuzzy State Space Modeling (FSSM) is the reason that leads to the
main objective of this research. A multi-connected system of Fuzzy State Space Model is made up of
several components, each of which performs a function. These components are interconnected in
some manner and determine how the overall system operates. In this study, we study the concept of
graph, network system and network projections which are the requisite knowledge to potential
method. Finally, the multi-connected system of FSSM as defined in Taufiq (2007) namely feeder,
common feeder and greatest common feeder are transformed into potential method using various
method of transformation.
Key words: FSSM, Potential method, Feeder, Common Feeder, Greatest Common Feeder

5
GENERATED PATHS OF AN AUTOCATALYTIC SET OF A SECONDARY SYSTEM OF A
PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR
Tahir Ahmad*1
and Zainab Mahamud2
1
Centre of Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Research and Industrial Research,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA
(E-mail: tahir@ibnusina.utm.my)
1,2
(E-mail: zainab.mahamud@yahoo.com)
A graph is used to model pairwise relation between objects. In this paper, it is used to model
secondary system of pressurized water reactor. The process is presented as a dynamic graph by
integrating the concept of Autocatalytic Set (ACS). The graph is then transformed into an omega
algebra whereby all the possible paths of the process are determined. Seven variables are identified to
represent the nodes with twenty one links to indicate catalytic relations among these nodes. A
programming code of C++ is developed for the identification of these 317 links.
Key words: Pressurized Water Reactor, Autocatalytic Set, Omega Algebra
ON THE GENERALIZED COMMUTING AND NON-COMMUTING GRAPHS OF
METACYLIC 3-GROUPS
S.N.A. Zamri1
, N.H. Sarmin*2
, M.A. El-Sanfaz3
and H. Rahmat4
1, 2, 4
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310
UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: norzisan@gmail.com, nhs@utm.my, hamisan@utm.my)
3
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, LIBYA.
(E-mail: Kabeto_sanfaz@yahoo.com)
Let G be a metacyclic 3-groups and let  be a non-empty subset of G G
 such that
       
 
, , 3, , , , ,
x y G G lcm x y xy yx x y x y y x
        . The generalized commuting
and non-commuting graphs of a group G is denoted by GC

 and ,
GNC

 respectively. The vertex set
of the generalized coomuting and non-commuting graphs are the non-central elements in the set 
such that   ,
GC
V A

    and   ,
GN
V A

    where  
: : .
A g g g G
  
   
Two vertices in GC

 are joined by an edge if they are commute i.e.
     
1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1
, , , , .
x y x y x y x y
 Meanwhile, the vertices in GN

 are joined by an edge if they are
not commute, i.e.      
1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1
, , , , .
x y x y x y x y

Key words: Metacyclic 3-groups, generalized commuting graph, generalized non-commuting
graph

6
ESTIMATION OF RAINFALL AND STREAM FLOW
MISSING DATA FOR TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA
BY USING INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE METHODS
Wan Norliyana Wan Ismail*1
and Wan Zawiah Wan Zin @ Wan Ibrahim2
1,2
School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: wanna2573@gmail.com, w_zawiah@ukm.edu.my)
Missing data is a serious problem in many climatological time series. Daily rainfall and stream flow
datasets with no missing values are required for efficient estimation for application purposes. In order
to estimate any missing observations in data, interpolation techniques are often used. This study
focuses on comparing a few selected methods in the estimation of missing rainfall and stream flow
data. The interpolation techniques studied were the Arithmetic Average (AA) method, Normal Ratio
(NR) method, Inverse Distance (ID) method and Coefficient of Correlation (CC) method. However,
in the case when there is no information from neighboring stations, the mean on the same day and
month but at different years is taken as estimation of the missing value on that particular date. Twenty
years of daily rainfall and stream flow data at 12 stations located at Terengganu were used for this
study. In testing to verify which method is best in evaluating missing values at the target station using
information from nearby stations (in the radius range of 10 km to 50 km), several percentages of
missing values were considered. The validation of the best estimation methods is done based on the
estimation error; with tests such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE)
and Correlation Coefficient (R) tests.
Key words: Missing data, Spatial interpolation, Rainfall and stream flow data
THE ADJACENCY MATRIX OF THE CONJUGATE GRAPH OF METACYLIC 2-GROUPS
Nur Idayu Alimon*1
, Nor Haniza Sarmin2
and Amira Fadina Ahmad Fadzil3
1, 2, 3
(E-mail: nuridayualimon@yahoo.com, nhs@utm.my, amirafadinaahmadfadzil@yahoo.com)
Let be a metacyclic 2-group and Γ is the conjugate graph of . The vertices of Γ are non-
central elements in which two vertices are adjacent if they are conjugate. The adjacency matrix of
Γ is a matrix = consisting of 0′ and 1′ in which the entry is 1 if there is an edge
between the and vertices and 0 otherwise. In this paper, the adjacency matrix of a conjugate
graph of a metacyclic 2-group is presented.
Key words: Adjacency matrix, Conjugate graph, Metacyclic group

7
HYDROMAGNETIC BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW OF A DUSTY FLUID IN A POROUS
MEDIUM OVER A STRETCHING SHEET WITH SLIP EFFECT
Noorzehan Fazahiyah Md Shab*1
and Anati Ali2
1
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Batu Pahat, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: fazahiya@uthm.edu.my)
2
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: anati@utm.my)
This paper investigates the problem of hydromagnetic boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a
dusty fluid over a stretching sheet through a porous medium. The velocity slip is considered instead of
the no-slip condition at the boundary. The governing partial equations are reduced into a set of non-
linear ordinary differential equations by using the suitable similarity transformation. The transformed
equations are numerically integrated using bvp4c in Matlab software. The effects of various physical
parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles of both phases, such as fluid-particle interaction
parameter, magnetic parameter, ratio of free stream parameter and Prandtl number are obtained and
analyzed through several plots. Useful discussions are carried out with the help of plotted graphs and
tables. Under the limiting cases, the obtained numerical results are compared and found to be in good
agreement with previously published results.
Key words: Boundary layer flow, dusty fluid, hydromagnetic flow
ON THE CONJUGATE GRAPH OF FINITE p-GROUPS
Athirah Zulkarnain*1
and Alia Husna Mohd Noor3
1,2,3
(E-mail: athirah.zulkarnain@yahoo.com, nhs@utm.my, mylife_syafia@yahoo.com)
Graphs can be related to groups by looking at its vertices and edges. The vertices are comprised of the
elements or sets from the groups and the edges are the properties and conditions for the graph.
Recently, researches on graphs of groups have attracted many authors. One of them is on conjugate
graph. A conjugate graph of a group is defined as: its vertex set is the set of non-central classes of the
group, and two distinct vertices are connected by an edge if and only if they are conjugate. In this
research, the conjugacy classes of some finite p-groups are first determined. Then their conjugate
graph are found.
Key words: p-Groups, Conjugacy class, Conjugate Graph

8
G-JITTER FULLY DEVELOPED HEAT TRANSFER BY MIXED CONVECTION
FLOW OF NANOFLUID IN A VERTICAL CHANNEL
Wan Nor Zaleha Amin1, Noraihan Afiqah Rawi2, Mohd Ariff Admon3, and Sharidan
Shafie*,4
1, 2,3,4
Department of Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: wnzaleha2@live.utm.my, nafiqah38@gmail.com, ariffadmon@utm.my
sharidan@utm.my)
In this study, the effect of g-jitter fully developed heat transfer by mixed convection flow of
nanofluid in a vertical channel is investigated. The nanoparticles of aluminium oxide and
copper with water as a basefluid were used in this study. The equations corresponding to this
study was solved analytically to find the exact solutions. The results of velocity and
temperature profiles with the influence of physical parameters such as mixed convection,
oscillation, temperature ratio and volume fraction of the nanoparticles were computed and
plotted using MATLAB. The behavior of steady state flow was also investigated. Results
shown that as mixed convection, oscillation, and temperature ratio increases, the velocity
profiles increased. The conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluid also increased due to the
increases of the volume fraction of nanoparticles in the water basefluid.
Key words: G-jitter, Heat transfer, Mixed convection, Nanofluid, Analytical solution
THE LAPLACIAN ENERGY OF CONJUGACY CLASS GRAPH
OF SOME DIHEDRAL GROUPS
Rabiha Mahmoud*1
, Ahmad Erfanian3
and Amira Fadina Ahmad Fadzil4
1,2,4
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universti Teknologi Malaysia,
(E-mail: rabihabirkia@gmail.com, nhs@utm.my )
3
Department of Mathematics and Center of Excellence in Analysis on Algebraic Structures, Ferdowsi
University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN
(E-mail: erfanian@um.ac.ir)
Let G be a dihedral group and cl
G
 its conjugacy class graph. The Laplacian energy of the graph,
LE(G
G
cl
), is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the difference between the Laplacian
eigenvalues and the ratio of twice the edges number divided by the vertices number. In this research,
the Laplacian matrices of the conjugacy class graph of some dihedral groups and its eigenvalues are
first computed. Then, the Laplacian energy of this graph is determined.
Key words: Dihedral groups, Conjugacy class graph, Laplacian energy of a graph, Laplacian
matrix and eigenvalues.

9
THE CHARACTERIZATIONOF REGULARORDERED   SEMIGROUPS INTERMS OF
( , )
 
k
q FUZZY   IDEALS
Ibrahim Gambo*1
,
Hidayat Ullah Khan3
and Faiz Muhammad Khan4
1,2
(E-mail: ibgambo01@gmail.com, nhs@utm.my )
3
Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Khyber Pukhtookhwa, PAKISTAN.
(E-mail: hidayatullah@yahoo.com)
4
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PAKISTAN.
(E-mail: faiz_zady@yahoo.com)
The advancement in the fascinating area of fuzzy set theory has become area of much interest,
generalization of the existing fuzzy subsystems of other algebraic structures is very important to
tackle more current real life problems. In this paper, we give more generalized form of regular
ordered semigroups in terms of ( , )
  
k
q fuzzy ideals. Particularly, we characterized left
regular, right regular, simple and completely regular ordered semigroups in terms of this new
notion. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for ordered semigroup to be completely regular
are provided in this paper.
Key words: Completely regular; ( , )
k
q
    fuzzy Г-ideals; simple regular and Regular ordered
Г-semigroup
MECHANIZATION OF THE
STURMFEL-SALMON RESULTANT METHOD
Surajo Sulaiman*1
, Nor’aini Aris2
and Shamsatun Nahar Ahmad3
1,2
(E-mail: noraini@utm.my)
1
Department of Mathematics, Northwest University Kano, Kano, NIGERIA.
(E-mail: ssurajo2@live.utm.my)
3
Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, UiTM Johor,
Segamat, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: shams551@johor.uitm.edu.my)
Designing and implementing a procedure for computing the polynomial resultant provides an avenue
for analyzing both the computational complexity and performance of such construction. In this paper
a new Maple procedure called Sturmfelmethod for computing the Sturmfel-Salmon resultant method
is proposed based on existing methods and assumptions. Examples are provided to demonstrate the
mechanization of the resulting new algorithm and its computing time. The new procedure can be used
to determine whether three polynomials intersect or not and to solve a given system of polynomial
equations.
Key words: Mechanization, Procedure, Resultant, Polymonial resultant

10
FAST ENSEMBLE EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION MODEL FOR FORECASTING
CRUDE OIL AND CONDENSATES
Nuramirah Akrom*1
and Zuhaimy Ismail2
1,2
(E-mail: nuramirah2@live.utm.my, zuhaimyutm@gmail.com)
Crude oil and condensates supply and demand persue to be main authorize of the sustanence of
approximately all of the countrie’s economies. The sudden rise in the oil price force goverment to
forecast the supply and demand of crude oil and condensates in order to make sure that the crude oil
meet the supply and demand of a country. An accurate forecast can save the cost, scarcity of demand
and budgeting of profit. In addition, predicting crude oil and condensates data has frequently verified
to be a demanding task considering to the various intricacy of oil data pattern. The main objective of
this paper is to forecast crude oil and condensates demand data in Malaysia using Fast Ensemble
Emprical Mode Decomposition (FEEMD) model. The forecasting process using FEEMD model is
demostrated in order to achieve the most desirable forecast accuracy of crude oil and condensates
data. FEEMD model is an extension of Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) model,
where in this model, white noise signal is added to the existing signal in a sifting process. The
effectiveness of the proposed method in forecasting are compared among tradtitional model of
ARIMA, ARIMAX and GARCH model. The results revealed proposed FEEMD method for
forecasting crude oil and condensates data is very promising achieved good forecast accuracy.
Key words: Crude oil and condensates, Fast Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
(FEEMD), Tapis oil prices and Forecasting
A HYBRID METHOD FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR
KORTEWEG DE-VRIES (KDV) EQUATIONS
Surajo Sulaiman*1
, Shehu Maitama2
, Nor’aini Aris3
and Dayyabu Hudu4
1,3
(E-mail: ssurajo2@live.utm.my, noraini@utm.my)
1, 2
Department of Mathematics, Northwest University, Kano, KANO-NIGERIA.
(E-mail: shehu.maitama@yahoo.com)
4
Department of Mathematics, College of Art, Science and Remedial Studies, KANO-NIGERIA
(E-mail: dayyabhudu@yahoo.com)
The aim of this article is to use the new hybrid method, called Natural Homotopy Perturbation
Method to solve nonlinear Korteweg de-Vries (KdV) family of equations. This approach combines
the Natural Transform Method and a fashionable Homotopy Perturbation Method. This method is
applied directly without using any linearization, transformation, discretization or taking some
restrictive assumptions, which reduces the computational size and avoids round off errors. In this
article, several numerical applications are given to show the efficiency and edibility of the new
method.
Key words: KdV, Nonlinear equations, Homotopy Pertubation

11
THE INDEPENDENCE POLYNOMIAL OF n-TH CENTRAL GRAPH OF DIHEDRAL
GROUPS
Nabilah Najmuddin*1
and Nor Haniza Sarmin2
1,2
(E-mail: nabilah.najmuddin@yahoo.com, nhs@utm.my)
An independent set of a graph is a set of pairwise non-adjacent vertices while the independent number
is the maximum cardinality of an independent set in the graph. The independence polynomial of a
graph is defined as a polynomial in which the coefficient is the number of the independent set in the
graph. Meanwhile, a graph of a group is called -th central if the vertices are elements of and
two distinct vertices are adjacent if they are elements in the -th term of the upper central series of .
In this research, the independence polynomial of the -th central graph is found for some dihedral
groups.
Key words: Independence Polynomial, -th Central Graph, Dihedral Group
ALIGNED MAGNETIC FIELD ON DUSTY CASSON FLUID OVER A STRETCHING
SHEET WITH NEWTONIAN HEATING
Nur S. Arifin1
, Syazwani M. Zokri2
, Abdul R. M. Kasim*3
,
Mohd Z. Salleh4
and Nurul F. Mohammad5
1,2,3,4
Applied & Industrial Mathematics Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan,
MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: nursyamilaharifin@gmail.com, syazwani@gmail.com,
rahmanmohd@ump.edu.my, zukikuj@yahoo.com)
5
Department of Computational and Theoretical Sciences,
International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail:farahain@iium.edu.my)
Boundary layer flow and heat transfer on Casson fluid with dust particle over a stretching sheet is
numerically investigated. The influences of aligned magnetic field together with Newtonian heating
boundary condition are considered in this problem. The governing equations are first transformed into
ordinary differential equation using the appropriate similarity transformation variables. The numerical
computation using Keller-box method is employed to generate the results. Several physical
parameters for both phases (fluid and particle) such as aligned angle, magnetic field, Casson
parameter, fluid particle interaction parameter, Prandtl number and conjugate parameter are
investigated and analysed. The results in term of distribution velocity and temperature are presented
graphically. The finding revealed the rise in aligned angle and magnetic field led to decrease the
velocity and increase the temperature for both phases.
Key words: Aligned magnetic field, Two-phase flow, Casson fluid, Stretching sheet, Newtonian
Heating

12
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION SYSTEM
Ahmad Zaki Mohamad Amin *1
, Shamsuddin Ahmad2
and Yeak Su Hoe3
1,2,3
(E-mail: azmamin87@gmail.com, shamsuddina@utm.my, s.h.yeak@utm.my)
Car suspension system play important role to determine the comfort of car subject to road profile. For
mechanical car suspension system, to improve the suspension, the spring and hydraulic damper are
elements that need to be studied. In this research, the spring is changed with an electromagnetic
suspension with and without hydraulic damper. To study the effect of electronic suspension, a simple
mathematical model is formulated. From the analytical solution of the mathematical model, we found
that the electromagnetic suspension with damper much better than the mechanical suspension with
damper in term of comfort.
Key words: hydraulic damper, electromagnetic suspension, road profile
BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW OF MIXED CONVECTION VISCOELASTIC MICROPOLAR
FLUID OVER A HORIZONTAL CIRCULAR CYLINDER WITH ALIGNED
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EFFECT
Laila Amera Aziz*1
, Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim2
and Mohd Zuki Salleh3
1,2,3
Faculty of Science & Industrial Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
Kuantan, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: laila@ump.edu.my, rahmanmohd@ump.edu.my, zuki@ump.edu.my)
The boundary layer flow of a viscoelastic micropolar fluid over a horizontal circular cylinder with
aligned magnetohydrodynamic effect is considered. The governing boundary layer equations are
transformed into non-dimensional form by using appropriate dimensionless variables. The non-
dimensional governing equations are then transformed into similarity equations and solved using an
implicit finite difference scheme known as the Keller box method. Numerical results on the
distributions of velocity and temperature of fluid are obtained for a range of values of magnetic
parameter, M, viscoelastic parameter, K, material parameter, L, and mixed convection parameter,  .
The graphical representation of the results are presented and it shows the investigated parameters are
significance and affected the fluid flow.
Key words: viscoelastic micropolar, horizontal circular cylinder, mixed convection, aligned
MHD

13
STOCHASTIC TAYLOR EXPANSION OF DERIVATIVE-FREE METHOD FOR
STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Noor Amalina Nisa Ariffin*1
and Norhayati Rosli2
1,2
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
Gambang, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: amalinanisa1188@gmail.com, norhayati@ump.edu.my)
This paper demonstrates a derivation of stochastic Taylor expansion for derivative-free methods of
stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The stochastic Taylor series is extended and truncated at
certain terms to achieve the order of convergence of derivative-free methods for SDEs. The expansion
of Taylor series formula that based on rooted-tree theory is presented in this paper.
Key words: Derivative-free Method; Stochastic Differential Equations, Stochastic Taylor
Expansion; Rooted-Tree
A COMBINATION OF BROYDEN-FLETCHER-GOLDFARB-SHANNO (BFGS) AND n-th
SECTION METHOD FOR SOLVING SMALL-SCALE UNCONSTRAINED
OPTIMIZATION
Atikah Ramli*1
, Ibrahim Jusoh2
and Mohd Rivaie3
1,2,3
Faculty of Computer and Mathematics Sciences,UiTM Terengganu,
Terengganu, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: atikahramli050593@gmail.com, ibrahimju@tganu.uitm.edu.my, rivaie75@yahoo.com)
In this paper, a new inexact line search method known as n-th section method will be used to obtain
the stepsize in Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) method. The n-th section method is the
modification of the original bisection method. As in bisection method, this simple n-th section method
divides each interval section with an even number of interval which is greater than two. This new
proposed algorithm will be compared with the original bisection, newton and secant methods in BFGS
in terms of number of iteration and CPU times. Numerical results analysis based on small scale
functions obtained from this research show that this algorithm is more efficient than using the
ordinary line search method. Besides, this proposed algorithm also possessed global convergence
properties.
Key words: BFGS method, n-th section method, Stepsize, Global convergence

14
AN n-th SECTION LINE SEARCH IN
CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD FOR
SMALL-SCALE UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION
Imza Fakhri*1
, Mohd Rivaie2
and Ibrahim Jusoh3
1,2,3
Faculty of Computer and Mathematics Sciences, UiTM Terengganu,
(E-mail: ieym_imza@yahoo.com, rivaie75@yahoo.com, ibrahimju@tganu.uitm.edu.my)
Conjugate Gradient (CG) methods are well-known method for solving unconstrained optimization
problem and popular for its low memory requirement. A lot of researches and efforts have been done
in order to improve the efficiency of this CG method. In this paper, a new inexact line search is
proposed based on bisection line search. Initially, bisection method is the easiest method to solve root
of a function. Thus, it is an ideal method to employ in CG method. This new modification is named n-
th section. In a nutshell, this proposed method is promising and more efficient compared to the
original bisection line search.
Key words: Conjugate Gradient, Bisection method, Line Search, Unconstrained Optimization
THE n-th SECTION METHOD:
A MODIFICATION OF BISECTION
Mohd Rivaie*1
, Imza Fakhri2
, Ibrahim Jusoh3
and Nujma Hayati4
1,2,3,4
Faculty of Computer and Mathematics Sciences, UiTM Terengganu,
(E-mail: rivaie75@yahoo.com, ieym_imza@yahoo.com,
ibrahimju@tganu.uitm.edu.my , nujmahayati@gmail.com)
Bisection method is the easiest method to find the root of a function. This method is based on the
existence of a root on a specified interval. This interval is then halved or divided into two parts. The
root is known to be laying in either one of these interval. The iterative sequence is continued until a
desired stopping criterion is reached. In this research, a new modification of bisection method namely
fourth section and sixth section methods are introduced. These methods are tested for several selected
functions by using Maple software. The results are then analysed based on the number of iterations
and the CPU times. Based on the results, it is shown that when the interval increases, the CPU will
also increase. However, the number of iterations is reduced significantly.
Key words: Bisection method, Root finding, Number of iterations, CPU times

15
INFLUENCE OF RADIATION AND VISCOUS DISSIPATION
ON MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC JEFFREY FLUID
OVER A STRETCHING SHEET WITH
CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Syazwani Mohd Zokri1
, Nur Syamilah Arifin2
,
Muhammad Khairul Anuar Mohamed3
, Mohd Zuki Salleh*4
,
Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim5
and Nurul Farahain Mohammad6
1,2,3,4,5
Applied & Industrial Mathematics Research Group,
Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: syazwanizokri@gmail.com, nursyamilaharifin@gmail.com,
baa_khy@yahoo.com, zuki@ump.edu.my, rahmanmohd@ump.edu.my)
6
Department of Computational and Theoretical Science,
(E-mail: farahain@iium.edu.my)
The present paper focuses on the influence of radiation and viscous dissipation on
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer of a Jeffrey fluid over a stretching sheet with
convective boundary conditions (CBC). The governing equations are reduced to non-linear ordinary
differential equations by using similarity transformation variables and then solved by using Runge-
Kutta-Fehlberg method. The results generated from the numerical computations are presented in the
form of tables and graphs for some values of Deborah number, ratio of relaxation to retardation times,
Eckert number, radiation parameter and magnetic parameter. It is found that the distribution of fluid
velocity is noticeably increased with an increase in Deborah number while the distribution of
temperature is considerably decreased.
Key words: Radiation, Viscous dissipation, Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), Jeffrey fluid,
stretching sheet
QUANTILE REGRESSION FOR ANALYSING PM10 CONCENTRATIONS IN PETALING
JAYA
Ng Kar Yong*1
and Norhashidah Awang2
1, 2
School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: karyong92@yahoo.com, shidah@usm.my)
Particulate matter with diameter less than 10µm (PM10) data usually exhibit different variations as
they include normal days and pollution days. This paper applied quantile regression (QR) to inspect
the changing relationship between predictor variables and PM10 concentrations at Petaling Jaya
monitoring station in the year 2014 over different PM10 distributions. For comparative purpose,
estimation by ordinary least square (OLS) approach was also performed. The QR analysis results
showed that the interrelationship between predictor variables and PM10 was not consistent across the
PM10 quantile distributions and hence, proved discordancy with OLS estimates. The lagged PM10
concentration was the only important factor throughout the quantile distributions of PM10. It was
found that the effects of lagged PM10, temperature, carbon monoxide (CO) increased from low to high
quantile distributions, while humidity and wind speed had the otherwise effects. Nitrogen monoxide
(NO) associated significantly with PM10 at low quantiles (q = 0.05, 0.10), whereas temperature and
CO associated significantly at high quantiles only. Humidity and wind speed correlated significantly
and negatively with PM10 from low to middle quantiles. Ozone (O3), however, had effects of
changing nature from positive association at low PM10 distributions to negative association at high

16
levels. Thus, QR is helpful to provide a more complete description of predictor variable effects on
PM10 at different distributions, and may assist in PM10 management especially during haze periods.
Key words: Ordinary least square, Quantile regression, PM10
HEAT TRANSFER ON ROTATING SECOND GRADE FLUID THROUGH AN
ACCELERATED PLATE
Ahmad Qushairi Mohamad*1
, Ilyas Khan2
, Sharidan Shafie3
,
Zaiton Mat Isa4
and Zulkhibri Ismail5
1,3,4
(E-mail: ahmadqushairi91@yahoo.com, sharidan@utm.my, zaitonmi@utm.my)
2
College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Majmaah, SAUDI ARABIA.
5
Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
Kuantan, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: zulkhibri@ump.edu.my)
Heat transfer of an unsteady free convection rotating second grade fuid flow, which is flowing
through an accelerated plate, is analysed. The physical problem investigated is described by a
coupled, linear system of partial differential equations, with appropriate boundary conditions. Laplace
transform technique is applied to determine the analytical solutions of the dimensionless governing
equations. The effects of various embedded parameteres to the velocity and temperature distribution
in the fluid are graphically illustrated and analysed. The obtained analytical results constitutes a good
verification to verify a more advance situation of the physical problem, which is described by a non-
linear system and only can be solved by using approximation method.
Key words: Free convection, Second grade fluid, Rotating, Accelerated, Laplace transform
TRANSIENT MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS MIXED CONVECTION FLOW OF
NANOFLUID AT FORWARD STAGNATION POINT PAST A SPHERE
Mohamad Alif Ismail1
, Nurul Farahain Mohammad2
1,3
Department of Mathematical Science, Faculty Science,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: mohamadalif91@gmail.com,sharidan@utm.my)
2
Department of Computational and Theoretical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Science,
(Email: nurul.farahain.mohammad@gmail.com)
The transient mixed convection boundary layer flow of nanofluid past a sphere with the effect of
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) is studied. The mathematical model at the forward stagnation point is
developed and then reduced into dimensionless equation using appropriate dimonsionless variables.
The dimensionless equations are transformed using similarity transformation and linearize by using
newton method. The system of equation is solved numerically by using Keller-box method. The
solutions of velocity and temperature profiles are presented graphically and shown in table with

17
various values of volume fraction parameter , mixed convection parameter , separation times ,
magnetic parameter M, and Prandtl number. Three difference types of nanoparticles Al2O3, Cu, and
TiO2, are used and water is chosed as base fluid. The results show that volume fraction affected the
heat-transfer rate, and skin friction coefficient. This study also shows that nanofluid affected the
separation times.
Key words: Unsteady flow, Nanofluid, Mixed convection, and Magnetohydrodynamics.
MACROPHAGES INTERACTIONS IN BREAST CANCER BY PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATION
Mohd Rashid Admon*1
and Normah Maan2
1,2
(E-mail: mrashid22@live.utm.my, normahmaan@utm.my)
The recruitment of macrophages at the tumor sites is the earliest immune response takes place during
tumor progression. In breast cancer, experimental studies reveals that they are capable to take
advantage on the plasticity of macrophages. Both interact using chemical signals which affect the
motility of tumor cells and invade other tissues or organ by form an aggregations with macrophages.
Tumor cells secrete colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) and bind to the receptor on macrophages.
Macrophages is then activated and migrate to CSF-1 gradient and secrete EGF. The EGF then bind to
the receptor on tumor cells and migrate to the direction of higher EGF. This chain continous and
results in paracrine signalling loop. By considering in vitro interactions, a system of partial
differential equations that incorporate the saturating functions for secretion terms was developed. This
functions describes that the production of chemical signals saturates with increasing cell density.
Besides, stability analysis is performed to investigate the conditions for aggregation. For a given
average of cells density, the homogeneous steady state for this system is non trivial and the
concentration of CSF-1 and EGF are produced in the saturated production. Stability results shows that
region for instability are reduced compared to previous model which assumes the production rates are
linear with increasing cell density. Besides, decreasing the production rates and chemotaxis sensitivity
together increasing the decay rates are required to impede the aggregation from initiated. This results
provide a valuable for clinical suggestions in guiding medical experts during drug designs.
Key words: Partial differential equation, Macrophages, Breast tumor cells, Stability, Saturating
functions
COMPARING THE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIAN
EXTREME SHARE RETURN: GENERALIZED LAMBDA, GENERALIZED EXTREME
VALUE, AND GENERALIZED LOGISTIC
Muhammad Fadhil Marsani*1
, and Ani Shabri2
1, 2
Department of Mathematic, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia.
(E-mail: fadhilmarsani@gmail.com, ani@utm.my)
Understand the extreme volatility in the market is important for the investor to make a correct
prediction. This paper evaluated the performance of generalized lambda distribution (GLD) by

18
comparing with well-known probability distribution in extreme value theory namely generalized
extreme value (GEV) and generalized logistic (GLO) using Kuala Lumpur composite index stock
return data. The parameter for each distribution estimated using the L-moment method. Based on k-
sample Anderson darling goodness of fit test, GLD performs well in a majority of the period except
for monthly maximum return series which belongs to GEV. Evidence for preferring GLD as an
alternative to extreme value theory distribution also described.
Key words: Extreme share returns, Kuala Lumpur composite index, l-moment, risk
management, value-at-risk (VaR)
ESTIMATING RELATIVE RISK FOR SPATIO-TEMPORAL DISEASE MAPPING USING
INLA
Nurul Syafiah Abd Naeeim*1
and Nuzlinda Abdul Rahman2
1,2
School of Mathematical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: nurulsyafiahabdnaeeim@yahoo.com, nuzlinda@usm.my)
Study in spatio-temporal disease mapping models give a great worth in epidemiology, in describing
the pattern of disease incidence across geographical space and time. This paper studies generalized
linear mixed models (GLMM) for the analysis of spatial and temporal variability of disease rates. For
spatio-temporal study, the models accomodate spatially correlated random effects as well as temporal
effects together with the space time interaction. The space time interaction is used to capture any
additional effects that are not explained by the main factors of space and time. However, as study
including time dimension is quite complex for disease mapping, the temporal effects that only relate
to structured and unstructured time pattern are considered in these models as intial screening in
studying disease pattern and time trend. The models are fitted within a hierarchical Bayesian
framework using Integrated Nested Leplace Approximation (INLA) methodology. For this study,
there are three main objectives. First, to choose the best model that represent the disease phenomenon.
Second, to estimate the relative risk of disease based on the model selected and lastly, to visualize the
risk spatial pattern and temporal trend using graphical representation. The models are applied to
weekly dengue fever data in Peninsular Malaysia reported to Ministry of Health Malaysia from 2010-
2016 by district level.
Key words: Spatio-temporal analysis, Disease Mapping, Bayesian estimation, GLMM, INLA
UNSTEADY MHD FREE CONVECTION OF FERROFLUIDS ALONG A VERTICAL FLAT
SURFACE
Mohd Rijal Ilias1
, Noraihan Afiqah Rawi2
1,2,3
(E-mail: nafiqah38@gmail.com, sharidan@utm.my)
1
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: rijal_rs@hotmail.com)
In this study, a similarity analysis is made for an unsteady two-dimensional MHD free convection of
ferrofluids along a vertical flat plate with aligned and transverse magnetic field being applied to the
plate. A magnetic nanoparticle (iron oxide) is incorporated with two based fluid (water and

19
kerosene).The governing time-dependent boundary layer equations are reduced to non-linear ordinary
differential equations by introducing a similarity transformation, before being solved numerically by
the Keller Box method. The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed and
discussed. The result show that the values of skin friction and wall shear stress are strongly influenced
by unsteadiness and magnetic field parameter.
Key words: Unsteady Flow, Ferrofluids, Free Convection, Aligned Magnetic Field, Similarity
Solution
EFFECTS OF DIVERSIFICATION OF ASSETS
IN OPTIMIZING RISK OF PORTFOLIO
D. Jayeola1
, Z. Ismail*2
and S. F. Sufahani3
1,2,3
(E-mail: zuhaimy@yahoo.com, sfsufahani@gmail.com)
1
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, NIGERIA.
(E-mail: darchid2002@yahoo.com)
The Diversification is a strategic option that investors use to optimize their portfolio. Diversification
is investing in many assets for the purpose of minimizing risk or maximizing return of portfolio. It is
an opportunity by which investors improve from his micro-firm into macro-firm. The investors’ aim is
to make an optimal choice that leads to minimization of risk and maximization of return, but the
platform that achieves these objectives is not at the finger tips. The purpose of this study is to bring
about this platform by estimating effects of diversification of each asset in order to minimize risk and
maximize return of portfolio. Also, the study evaluates the benefits of diversification of each asset in
the portfolio. We use the method of Black Litterman for the analysis. We explore DataStream (Yahoo
finance) of Gold, Oil, Silver and Platinum. It is observed that diversifying in Gold minimizes higher
risk and achieve more benefits than other assets. In view of these facts, it means diversifying in gold
acts as safe haven/hedge for investors during economic recession.
Key words: Diversification, Assets, Portfolio, Risk, Return
EFFECT OF GRAVITY MODULATION ON MIXED CONVECTION FLOW OF SECOND
GRADE FLUID WITH DIFFERENT SHAPES OF NANOPARTICLES
Noraihan Afiqah Rawi1
, Mohd Rijal Ilias2
, Zaiton Mat Isa3
1,2,3,4
(E-mail: nafiqah38@gmail.com, zaitonmi@utm.my, sharidan@utm.my)
2
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail:rijal_rs@hotmail.com)
The problem of unsteady mixed convection flow of second grade fluid over an inclined stretching
plate under the influence of different shapes of nanoparticles is studied in this paper. The influence of
gravity modulation is also considered. Carboxymethyl cellulose solution (CMC) is chosen as the base

20
non-Newtonian fluid. Based on Tiwari-Das nanofluid model, the governing partial differential
equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations and solved numerically
using an implicit finite difference scheme. The effect of different shapes and volume fraction of solid
nanoparticles on the enhancement of convective heat transfer of second grade nanofluid associated
with the effect amplitude of modulation, frequency of oscillation, material parameter, and inclination
angle is discussed in details. The result indicated that, the increase of volume fraction of solid
nanoparticles improved the heat transfer of second grade fluid which is more significant with the
effect of the shapes of solid nanoparticles.
Key words: Nanofluid, Second grade fluid, Inclined stretching plate, Numerical solution
ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS FOR FINDING THE
GCD OF CERTAIN TYPES OF POLYNOMIALS IN THE CHEBYSHEV BASIS
Siti Nor Asiah binti Isa*1
, Nor’aini Aris2
and
Ahmad Zharif Salami bin Mohd Taha3
1,2,3
(E-mail: snasiahisa@gmail.com, noraini@utm.my, salami.osc@gmail.com)
This research investigates on the numerical methods for computing the greatest common divisors
(GCD) of two polynomials in the orthogonal basis without having to convert to the power series form.
Previous implementations were conducted using the Gauss Elimination with partial pivoting (GEPP)
and QR Householder algorithms, respectively. This work proceeds to seek for a better approximate
solution by comparing the results of the implementations with the QR with column pivoting (QRCP)
algorithm. The results reveal that QRCP is as competent as the GEPP algorithm, up to a certain
degree, giving a reasonably good approximate solution. It is also found that normalizing the columns
of the associated coefficient matrix slightly reduces the condition number of the matrix but has no
significant effect on the GCD solutions when applying the GEPP and QR Householder algorithms.
However equilibration of the columns by computing its ∞-norm is capable to improve the solution
when QRCP is applied. Comparing the three algorithms on some test problems, QR Householder
outperforms the rest and is able to give a good approximate solution in the worst case condition when
the smallest element of the matrix is 1, the entries ranging up to 15 digits integers.
Key words: Greatest Common Divisor (GCD), Gauss Elimination, QR Decomposition,
Overdetermined systems, Normalization.
RECENT UPDATES ON THE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF RADIATION-
INDUCED BYSTANDER EFFECTS
Muhamad Hanis Nasir*1
and Fuaada Mohd Siam2
1,2
(E-mail: mhanis33@live.utm.my, fuaada@utm.my)
“A double-edge sword-like of ionizing radiation”, a common phrase used to describe the effects of
ionizing radiation. Radiotherapy treatment use ionizing radiation in order to kill cancer cells.
However, the radiation exerted its effects outside the radiation field and causes cell death in healthy
cells. This effect namely as radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) phenomenon. The scope of the
overview of the RIBE phenomenon discussed in this paper include the radiation process, the RIBE
mechanism, danger signaling process, double-strand breaks (DSBs) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

21
damage and the damage repair. This paper extended with the discussion of several mathematical
models used to describe the RIBE phenomenon. The discussion towards the mathematical models
include the models of signals concentration, the models of bystander effects and cell survival curve.
Mathematical modelling and computer simulation are powerful tools used to understand the biological
phenomenon of RIBE. The suitable mathematical model of repair and mis-repair DSBs DNA damage
has been briefly reviewed in view of the relevance of this model towards RIBE phenomenon. The
outcome of this paper suggested a recommendation for future direction about the suitable
mathematical model and simulation method in describing the complexity of RIBE phenomenon.
Key words: RIBE phenomenon, DSBs DNA damage, bystander effects, cell curvival curve
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER OF STEADY MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS MIXED
CONVECTION OF DUSTY FLUID FLOW WITH CHEMICAL REACTION PAST AN
EXPONENTIALLY STRETCHING SHEET
Siti Nur Haseela Izani*1
and Anati Ali2
1, 2
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bharu, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: snhaseela_izani@yahoo.com, anati@utm.my)
An analysis has been carried out to study a problem of the chemical reaction effects on
magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mixed convective boundary layer flow with fluid-particle suspension
due to an exponentially stretching sheet. The effects of magnetic field and mass transfer are taken into
account for the first time in dusty fluid over exponentially stretching sheet. The governing partial
nonlinear differential equations corresponding to the momentum, energy and concentration are
converted into a system of ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. The
relevant dimensionless equations are then solved numerically using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth fifth
order method (RKF45) with the help of Maple symbolic software. The influence of physical
parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration distributions for both phases were
discussed numerically and presented in details through plotted graphs and tables. Also, the numerical
values of skin friction coefficient, Nusselt and Sherwood number of the governing parameters are
analyzed and discussed in details. The outcomes show that, the reaction parameter affect the fluid
flow whereas the magnetic field retards the fluid flow. A comparative study of the present results with
the previous study provides an excellent agreement.
Key words: Dusty fluid, Heat and mass transfer, Exponentially stretching sheet, Chemical
reaction, Fluid-particle suspension
THE APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGISTIC EQUATIONS IN POPULATION GROWTH
WITH PARAMETER ESTIMATION VIA MINIMIZATION
Nor Atirah Izzah Zulkefli*1
, Yeak Su Hoe2
and Normah Maan3
1, 2, 3
(E-mail: noratirahizzah@gmail.com, s.h.yeak@utm.my, normahmaan@utm.my )
In this paper a numerical solution for the first order fuzzy logistic equations has been determined by
extended Runge-Kutta method of fourth order with some parameters. Fuzzy logistic model was used
to fit a country population growth. Parameters of the model were obtained by minimization technique.

22
Present study the technique named as conjugate gradient was applied via center difference. Numerical
example is given to show the efficiency of the proposed schemes.
Key words: Fuzzy logistic equations, Population growth, Parameter estimation, Minimization
technique
MULTISCALE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR ACOUSTIC WAVE MODEL
Nor Afifah Hanim Zulkefli*1
, Yeak Su Hoe2
and Munira Ismail3
1, 2, 3
(E-mail: norafifahhanim.z@gmail.com, s.h.yeak@utm.my, muniraismail@utm.my )
This paper applied the multiscale boundary element method for the numerical solution of the Acoustic
Wave model. The multiscale technique coupling with boundary element method will be used to solve
the problem of Acoustic Wave accurately and faster. Numerical example is given to illustrate the
efficiency of the propose method. The solution of proposed method will be compared with boundary
element method and the former method show more accurate results.
Key words: Wave models, Boundary element method, Multiscale technique
AUTOCOVARIANCE AND AUTOCORRELATION STRUCTURES OF THE
GENERALISED AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE GARMA( , ; ; ) MODEL
Suguneswary Ellappan*1
, Norhashidah Awang2
and Thulasyammal Ramiah Pillai3
1
School of General and Foundation Studies, AIMST University, Bedong, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: sugunes@gmail.com)
1,2
School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: shidah@usm.my)
3
School of Computing & IT, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: thulasyammal.ramiahpillai@taylors.edu.my)
Generalized ARMA (GARMA) model is a new class of model that has been introduced to reveal
some unknown features of certain time series data. The objective of this paper is to derive the
autocovariance and autocorrelation structure of GARMA(1,3; ; 1) model in order to study the
behaviour of the model. It is shown that the results of this model can be reduced to the autocovariance
and autocorrelation of the standard ARMA model as well as a special case. Numerical examples are
used to illustrate the behaviour of the autocovariance and autocorrelation at different values.
Numerical examples are used to illustrate the behaviour of the autocovariance and autocorrelation at
different δ values to show the various structures that the model can represent.
Key words: generalised ARMA model, GAR, GMA, autocovariance; autocorrelation

23
A PENALIZED LIKELIHOOD APPROACH TO MODEL THE ANNUAL MAXIMUM
FLOW WITH SMALL SAMPLE SIZES
Nur Farhanah Kahal Musakkal*1
and Darmesah Gabda2
1, 2
Faculty Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
Kota Kinabalu, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: nurfarhanahkahalmusakkal@ymail.com, darmesah@ums.edu.my)
The aim of this study is to model the annual maximum flow of several sites in Sabah with small
sample sizes using the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Previous studies have shown
that the standard method of maximum likelihood estimates would give a poor estimation of the GEV
parameters and quantiles for small data set. This study will consider the penalized likelihood estimates
as an alternative method to improve the inference over the standard method and retains the modeling
flexibility. As comparisons, we will illustrate the results of both methods to model the annual
maximum flow in Sabah. The results show the implementation of the penalty function had the same
effect to the GEV parameter estimates as suggested by previous studies.
Key words: Generalized extreme value, Penalized likelihood, Extreme value theory, Small
sample size

25
A NOVEL ALKALINE-STABLE LIPASE FROM
Acinetobacter Haemolyticus ISOLATED FROM THE
EFFLUENT OF PALM OIL MILL
Kalaivani Batumalaie1
, Naji Arafat Mahat2
,
Fahrul Huyop3
and Roswanira Abdul Wahab*4
1,2,4
Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: kalaivanibatumalaie@gmail.com, naji@kimia.fs.utm.my, roswanira@kimia.fs.utm.my)
3
Department of Forensic, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: fahrul@utm.my)
This study describes the purification and characterization of a novel bacterial lipase, KV1 identified as
Acinetobacter haemolyticus using the 16S rDNA sequencing, phylogenetic and BIOLOG
assessments. Successive treatments of ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and Ni-affinity
chromatography were employed to purify the intracellular lipase homogeneity, purifying the lipase by
~3.5-fold with an estimated relative molecular mass of 37kDa. Lipase KV1 showed maximum relative
activity at 40°C and pH 8.0, respectively. Similarly, metal ions, Na+
, Ca2+
, K+
and Mg2+
(112−128 %)
as well as surfactants, Tween 20−80 (110−143 %) was found to substantially activated (p < 0.05) the
KV1 lipase. The lipase hydrolyzed a wide range of oils with the preferred substrate being tributyrin
(140%). Reducing (PMSF, DTT, β-mercaptoethanol) and chelating (EDTA) agents significantly
repressed its relative activities (p < 0.05) and, significant inhibition was also seen for Triton-X100,
SDS, SLS and CTAB (p < 0.05). Remarkably, the novel KV1 alkaline-stable lipase maintained its
relative activities (> 50 %) even up to 24 h between pH 7−11. Hence, it can be inferred that the KV1
lipase would be a promisingly suitable lipase for use as an additive in detergents and dishwashing
liquids as well as industrial cleaning agents.
Key words: Acinetobacter haemolyticus; lipase; alkaline-stable; alkalophilic.
RHIZOMUCOR MIEHEI LIPASE SUPPORTED ON
CHITOSAN-CHITIN-MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES FOR EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF
PENTYL VALERATE
Ida Nurhazwani Abd Rahman1
and Roswanira Ab Wahab*2
1,2
Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
(E-mail: once_ida@yahoo.com, roswanira@kimia.fs.utm.my)
In the view of reducing the cost of organic synthesis to produce commercially important ester such as
biodiesel and flavoring agent the biotechnological route of utilizing enzyme specifically immobilized
enzyme to manufacture such ester may give a feasible solution to the drawback of chemical synthesis.
Hence, covalent immobilization of Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) onto magnetite matrix support
(CS/CH/MNP) for high yield production of pentyl valerate (PeVa) with a relatively short reaction
time (< 4 h) was proposed. In this study, the magnetization of CS/CH/MNP support may prove useful
in promoting facile removal of RML-CS/CH/MNP from the reaction mixture after the reaction has
been completed. The RML-CS/CH/MNP was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR) to observe the chemical changes in the development of CS/CH/MNP and RML-
CS/CH/MNP with the result revealed a successful production of CS/CH/MNP with the presence of

26
signature peaks of CS and CH amide I (~ 1650 cm-1
), amide II (~ 1550 cm-1
) and amide III (~ 1400
cm-1
) vibration bands after the incorporation of MNP in the CS/CH biocomposite. Presence of feature
peaks of RML after immobilization onto CS/CH/MNP can be seen at 1637.58 cm-1
and 1379 cm-1
indicating successful immobilization. The efficiency of the RML-CS/CH/MNP (0.080 IU.g-1
) and
free RML (0.063 IU.g-1
) at fixed protein content (2.5 mg/mL) were compared for catalyzing the PeVa
synthesis for parameter: time, enzyme loading, temperature and substrate molar ratio alcohol to acid.
It was observed that the optimum condition of the highest conversion of PeVa (90 %) was attained at
50 °C, molar ratio alcohol to acid 2:1 with enzyme loading of 1.5 mg/mL after 2 h. Based on the
results seen in this study, it can be construed that the RML-CS/CH/MNP is a promising greener
catalyst for the high yield production of PeVa and presumably other commercially important esters,
too.
Key words: Rhizomucor miehei lipase, pentyl valerate, esterification.
Candida Rugosa LIPASE SUPPORTED ON BIOMASS-BASED NANOCELLULOSE-
CHITOSAN COMPOSITE FOR SYNTHESIS OF BUTYL BUTYRATE
Nursyafiqah binti Elias1
and Roswanira Ab Wahab*2
1,2
Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
(E-mail: syafiqah.nse@gmail.com, roswanira@kimia.fs.utm.my)
Nanocellulose (NC) was successfully extracted from oil palm fronds leaves (OPFL) using a
combination of different chemical treatments such as bleaching, alkaline treatment and acid
hydrolysis. The NC extracted from the lignocellulosic material was used as nano-filler for fabricating
the chitosan/nanocellulose (CS/NC) supports for immobilizing Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). The
ability of the different types of immobilized CS/NC-CRL biocatalysts prepared by methods of
lyophilization and air drying was compared for the esterification of butanol and butyric acid to
produce butyl butyrate. The method of air-drying for producing the non-porous CS/NC supports was
chosen for subsequent immobilizations of CRL since it afforded higher conversions of butyl butyrate
(83.8 %) within 6 h of reaction. Consequently, the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR) indicated that the CS/NC support was successfully prepared following the distinctive drastic
increase in the intensity of bands at 1027 and 1316 cm−1
. These bands could be assigned to the
stretching vibrations of C−O as well as the functional groups of C−C and ring structures in NC,
following their incorporation within the CS matrix. The presence of the Amide I (1632 cm−1
), Amide
II (1541 cm−1
) and Amide III (1378 cm−1
) stretching vibrations in the spectrum of CS/NC-CRL
strongly indicated that CRL was successfully immobilized on the surface of the CS/NC supports via
covalent bonds. An immobilization time of 4 h was seen sufficient for immobilizing a relatively high
amount of CRL, attaining 4.8 mg of CRL per gram of CS/NC. The suitability of the immobilization
duration was evident in the observed high percent conversion of butyl butyrate (76.3 %) after only 3 h
of reaction. Interestingly, while immobilization periods of 16 and 24 h yielded higher immobilized
protein content (5.16 mg/g), the activities of the corresponding CS/NC−CRL biocatalysts were not
improved, achieving percent conversions of butyl butyrate of 66.3% and 67.5%, respectively. Based
on the findings study, it can be inferred that utilization of NC derived from OPFL biomass was
feasible as well as biocompatible as nano-components for preparing hybrid composites of CS for use
in immobilizing proteins. In a nutshell, the CS/NC-CRL biocatalysts developed here appear to be a
promising substitute to the homogenous acid catalyst and yet being environmentally practical for
catalyzing high yield of butyl butyrate.
Key words: Candida rugosa lipase, biomass, nanocellulose, butyl butyrate, esterification

27
ANTI-ACETYLCHOLINESTRASE ACTIVITY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF
THE TWIGS OF PELLACALYX SACCARDIANUS (RHIZOPHORACEAE)
Salam Ahmed Abed1
and Hasnah Mohd Sirat*2
1,2
(E-mail: hasnah@kimia.fs.utm.my)
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Karbala University, Karbala, IRAQ.
(E-mail: salhmed2@gmail.com)
Anti-acetylcholinestrase activity of phytochemical components from the twigs of Pellacalyx
saccardianus were investigated. Purification of methanol twigs extract afforded one new compound,
3',4,5'-trihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxybenzophenone, as well as five known compounds, 3',4,5',6-
tetrahydroxy-2-methoxybenzophenone, epicatechin, friedelin, (25R)-3β-hydroxy-23-oxo-9,16-
lanostandien-26-oic acid and 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone. The isolated compounds were
characterized by MS, IR and NMR (1D and 2D). The structure elucidation of (25R)-3β-hydroxy-23-
oxo-9,16-lanostandien-26-oic acid was supported by X-ray crystallography. The acetylcholinestrase
(AChE) inhibition assay was quantified in microplate using Ellmanʼs methods. The result showed
that, (25R)-3β-hydroxy-23-oxo-9,16-lanostandien-26-oic acid gave the strongest inhibition activity
with IC50 0.43 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report on the phytochemicals and
anti-acetycholinesterase activity of the twigs of P. saccardianus.
Key words: Pellacalyx saccardianus, Rhizophoracea, Twigs, Phytochemicals, Anti-
acetylcholinestrase
ALUMINUM EFFECT ON PROTON TRANSFER IN PROPYLSULFONIC ACID
FUNCTIONALIZED-ZSM-5: A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY
Siti Nadiah Md Ajeman1
and Hasmerya Maarof*2
1, 2
(E-mail: snadiah27@live.utm.my, hasmerya@kimia.fs.utm.my)
Many researches have been conducted to maximize the performance of proton exchange membrane
fuel cell (PEMFC) with minimal cost. Nowadays, zeolite has been regarded as a potential candidate
for proton exchange membrane material due to its bifunctional properties, uniform pore size, and
stable performance at high temperature. Theoretical approach was used to provide an insight of the
role of Al atom on proton transfer of zeolite-based material. The aluminum effect on proton transfer
of two propylsulfonic acid-functionalized zeolite fragments with one to six water molecules is being
investigated by using four different schemes of ONIOM calculation. Our results prove that the
presence of Al atom in the zeolite backbone increase the electronegativity of oxygen atoms of sulfonic
acid, making the oxygen atoms bearing the acidic proton to release the hydrogen atom easier for
hydronium ion formation. These calculations will provide base line set of results for which the effect
of Si/Al ratio distribution may be explored in zeolite theoretically.
Key words: PEMFC, Proton transfer, ZSM-5, ONIOM

28
OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED
EXTRACTION PROCESS OF ANTHRAQUINONES
FROM ROOT OF CASSIA SINGUEANA (FABACEAE)
Saidu Jibril1
, Norazah Basar*2
and Hasnah Mohd. Sirat 3
1,2,3
(E-mail: norazah@kimia.fs.utm.my, hasnah@kimia.fs.utm.my)
1
Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Kashere, Gombe, NIGERIA.
(E-mail: saidujibril@yahoo.com)
Extraction with solvent is the first step towards isolation of secondary metabolites such as
anthraquinones and flavonoids from a target medicinal plant (e.g Cassia singueana). This secondary
metabolites are bioactive compounds known to be beneficial in the treatment of many chronic
diseases such as cancer, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. C. singueana is a medicinal plant
with anthraquinone as the major compounds in the root. In this study, response surface methodology
(RSM) was used to optimise extraction conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of
anthraquinone compounds from C. singueana. Three independent variables were studied by one-
variable at a time (OVAT) experiment. Then, Box-Behnken design (BBD) and RSM were employed
to investigate the effect of the three independent variables on the yield of extract from the root of C.
singueana. RSM-BBD experiment, demonstrated that a second order polynomial model can
adequately be developed with a high R2
(0.9667) using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The most
suitable combination of independent variables for higher extraction yield of 1.86% was obtained
under optimal conditions with an UAE time of 38 mins, UAE temperature of 50o
C and methanol-to-
sample ratio of 16 mL/g. The experimental value of yield (1.85%) obtained under optimal conditions
agreed well with the predicted value of yield (1.86%), suggesting that UAE have great potentials as an
extraction method for high yield of anthraquinone compounds from root of C. singueana.
Key words: Optimization, ultrasound-assisted, anthraquinone, Cassia singueana
PRELIMINARY SIMULATION STUDY ON THE
STAR POLYMER SYSTEM WITH IBUPROFENS
Syarah Binti Mat Udin1
and Hasmerya Maarof*2
1, 2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor
Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: syarahmu@gmail.com, hasmerya@kimia.fs.utm.my)
Star polymers are receiving increasing attention as vehicles for the encapsulation and delivery of
drugs. Among the great advantages are the ability to encapsulate materials, low viscosity in dilute
solutions, internal and peripheral functionality, and enhanced stimuli-responsiveness. Moreover, this
type of polymer could be easily engineered into various form for specific purpose. In the current
study, we adopt the all atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of di-block star
co-polymers consisting of inner hydrophobic polyvalerolactone (PVL) block (attached to the
adamantane core) and the outer block of hydrophilic monomer as polyethylene glycol (PEO) with 25
molecules of ibuprofen. Our main purpose of study is to develop a detailed picture of the structural
and dynamical behavior by encapsulation of drugs into the star polymer system. The resultant
trajectories from the simulations were analyzed by applying structural observable approach. Since
simulation study is rather minor compared to experimental, we hope that our research could serve as a
benchmark in study of star polymer/ drugs systems at molecular level.

29
Key words: Drug delivery, star polymer, Molecular Dynamics, PVL, PEO
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
PALLADIUM-POLYANILINE AS CHEMOCHROMIC HYDROGEN GAS DETECTOR
Alister G. Willis*1
and Saharudin Haron2
1, 2
Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
(E-mail: agenndi2@live.utm.my, saharudin@cheme.utm.my)
Composite polyaniline (PANI) with palladium (Pd) were synthesized and studied for their
chemochromic properties toward hydrogen gas. The characterization of composite PANI was done to
analyze their molecular structures and chromic properties. The spectra obtained from Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the synthesis of PANI. The mechanism of detecting
hydrogen is based on the unique state switching of PANI which was supported through ultraviolet-
visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). The thin film of PANI-Pd was found to change its colour after being
exposed to hydrogen gas which showed PANI had changed its state. Thus, making this composite a
viable chemochromic hydrogen gas detector.
Key words: Polyaniline, Chemochromic, Hydrogen
INSIDE THE TECHNOLOGIES OF PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
NANOEMULSION
Nur Haziqah Che Marzuki1
and Roswanira Abd Wahab*2
1, 2
(E-mail: nurhaziqahmarzuki@gmail.com, roswanira@kimia.fs.utm.my)
In the recent decades, nanoemulsion has been one of the major interesting research subjects due to
their high potential in many application mainly in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical. Known as
thermodynamically stable, high kinetic stability and small droplet size, nanoemulsion possess a great
ability as drug delivery system. As compare to microemulsion, nanoemulsion has been widely used in
industry. This paper attempts to provide more detailed investigations regarding the types and method
of preparing nanoemulsion and focused on four methods that were widely used in recent years which
are phase inversion method, sonication, high-pressure homogenizer and microfluidization. Pertaining
to the developments of nanoemulsion, technologies on the characterization also plays an important
part to differentiate between micro and nano emulsion. Therefore, this paper also will explore the
characterization technologies of nanoemulsion and provide the required benchmark in term of
physical and thermodynamic stability.
Key words: Nanoemulsion, Preparation, Characterization, Sonication, Thermodynamic stability

30
SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS MATERIALS AS ADSORBENT FOR
PRECONCENTRATION OF PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE
Nur Faraliana Japri1
and Zainab Ramli*2
1,2
(E-mail: nurfaralianajapri@yahoo.com, zainab@kimia.fs.utm.my)
Paraquat dichloride is a pesticide that used to control weeds but it is very poisonous to humans and
many poisoning cases cause by paraquat were reported in Malaysia. In forensic cases that involve
paraquat dichloride, the concentration of the pesticide that present may very low to be measured so
the analyte need to be preconcentrated first before being analysed. In this research, several types of
mesoporous materials were synthesised namely mesoporous zeolite, mesoporous aluminosilicate, and
MCM-41 as adsorbents to preconcentrate paraquat dichloride. The formation of synthesised materials
were confirmed from XRD, SAXS, FTIR, XRF and surface area analysis. Surface area analysis
showed that MCM-41 has the highest surface area of 821 m2
/g followed by mesoporous
aluminosilicate with 647 m2
/g and mesoporous zeolite 536 m2
/g surface area. From the adsorption
results, its showed that the adsorption capacity in the order of mesoporous aluminosilicate,
mesoporous zeolite and MCM-41 with adsorption capacity 34.03 mg/g, 30.33 mg/g and 2.74 mg/g
respectively. The desorption results revealed that eventhough mesoporous aluminosilicate and
mesoporous zeolite have good adsorption ability, but paraquat dichloride not able to desorbed well
from them. Only 36% of adsorbed paraquat dichloride can be desorbed from mesoporous zeolite and
40% from mesoporous aluminosilicate. MCM-41 showed better desorption ability because almost
100% of the analyte able to be desorbed. Study showed that mesoporous aluminosilicate materials are
good adsorbents as compared to MCM-41, but poor in desorption ability for paraquat dichloride.
Key words: paraquat dichloride, mesoporous material, adsorption, desorption
DETERMINATION OF BINDING CONSTANT OF MOLECULAR COMPLEX BETWEEN
β-CYCLODEXTRIN AND BISPHENOL A BY 1
H NMR SPECTROSCOPY
Rosliana Rusli1
, Salasiah Endud2
, Zainab Ismail*3
and Mohd Bakri Bakar4
1,2,3,4
(E-mail: rosliana3@gmail.com, salasiahendud@gmail.com,
zainabr@utm.my, bakribakar@utm.my)
The inclusion complexation behavior of bisphenol A (BPA) into hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin
(β-CD) was investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy in deuterium oxide with varying the molar ratio
between β-CD and BPA from 1:0 until 1:2. The ideal molar ratio system for β-CD:BPA complex is
proved to be 1:1. Additionally, upon inclusion complexation there are significant changes in the
chemical shift of H5 and H3 protons of cyclodextrin which are sited inside the cavity. On the other
hand, H2, H4 and H6 protons that are sited outside the cavity does not experience any changes. This
agreement, confirm the complexation of BPA into the cavity of β-CD. The observed chemical shift of
H5 and H3 protons when BPA interact with β-CD cavity were used for calculation of binding
association constant, Ka and chemical shift difference, ∆max. From nonlinear calculation, the binding
association constant, Ka for H3 proton is 4.10 x 103
M-1
stronger than H5, 3.62 x 103
M-1
. However,
H5 protons have higher maximum chemical shift difference, ∆max 0.1412 ppm than H3 proton, 0.0573
ppm.
Keywords: cyclodextrin, bisphenol A, binding association constant

31
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF POTENTIAL HERBAL TEA, ACALYPHA INDICA AND
COMPARISON WITH
DOMESTIC TEA IN MALAYSIA MARKET
Nor Syahiran Zahidin*1
, Syafiqah Saidin2
, Razauden Mohamed Zulkifli3
, Ida Idayu
Muhamad4
, Harisun Ya’akob5
, Hadi Nur6
, and Amir Husni Mohd Shariff7
1,2,3
Faculty of Biosciences & Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
(E-mail:nsyahiran@gmail.com, syafiaqahs@utm.my, razauden@fbb.utm.my)
4
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail:idayu@cheme.utm.my)
5
Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail:harisun@ibd.utm.my)
6
Centre of Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Studies,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail:hadi@kimia.fs.utm.my)
7
Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail:docjitra56@gmail.com)
Malaysian dining culture is familiar with tea as regularly served beverage and has been well
assimilated with each other. The tea is sold widely in many areas and available at almost people
household. The tea in Malaysia is made from Camella sinesis plant is considered cheap and affordable
to everyone. It can produce sweet aromatic smell and good for our health also. Besides that, there are
others herb species that have similar potential grow around us undiscovered. Malaysia is a country
enriched by many herbs species grow surround within this area. Some species grow with unnoticed
appearance and usually overlook by the human but have many benefits for medicine and food. This is
including Acalypha indica, a weed plant grows in any unaware area around the settlement. Acalypha
indica dry plant can produce a sweet aromatic smell when poured by hot water and traditionally
practiced by elder generation as a healthy drink. This paper presents the preliminary study about
Acalypha indica as potential tea and antioxidant activity will be a standard parameter compared with
two domestic tea products. From the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total
tannin content (TTC), ferric reducing power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
assays analysis, Acalypha indica has not good as tea from Camella sinesis but provide less cost since
it is easily available as weed outside. This plant also safe for the drink since the total cyanogenic
glycoside content (TCGC) assay shows there is no cyanide content detected. Further study is
recommended to confirm the volatile compound that produces the aromatic sweet smell and its
comparison with domestic product.
Key words: Tea, Antioxidant beverage, Acalypha indica

32
UTILIZATION OF OIL PALM LEAVES ASH AS SUPPORT MATRIX FOR LIPASE
IMMOBILIZATION
Emmanuel Onoja*1
, Shella Chandren2
,
Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak3
and Roswanira Abdul Wahab4
1,2,3,4
(E-mail: sheela@utm.my, fazirailyana@utm.my, roswanira@kimia.fs.utm.my)
1
Department of Science Laboratory Technology,
The Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, NIGERIA.
(E-mail: onojaemmanuel30@yahoo.com)
This research work was carried out to demonstrate that silica extracted from oil palm leaves (OPL)
can be used to develop support matrix for immobilizing lipases. Oil palm fronds, generated in large
quantities annually in Malaysia, are mostly left to decompose in the plantations, hence, highly
underutilized. Therefore, using it as a source of silica to develop support matrix for lipase
immobilization may be beneficial. Acid treated OPL powder was calcined and the ash obtained was
subjected to physicochemical characterization. The silica content of OPL ash was extracted as a
soluble silicate using aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The soluble silicate was coated on
magnetite obtained from co-precipitation of hydrated iron salts using aqueous solution of
hydrochloric acid. The silica coated magnetite nanosphere was made biocompatible by
functionalizing with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and activated with glutaraldehyde. Lipase from
Candida rugosa in phosphate buffer solution was immobilized onto the support matrix by covalent
attachment for 16 h at room temperature. Concentration of lipase attached to the support after
immobilization was determined by UV assay. Esterification of butyl butyrate using the developed
biocatalyst was conducted as a model study. Results from the physicochemical characterization shows
that acid treated OPL ash was made up of 95.2% amorphous silica with relatively high surface area of
160.59 m2
g-1
. Immobilization yield of 92% was obtained. Esterification result shows that 90% of
butyric acid was converted to butyl butyrate in 2 h, giving an enzyme unit (U) of 375 Umin-1
and
specific activity of the biocatalyst as 100.4 Umg-1
. It can therefore be concluded from this study that
acid treated OPL ash is a good alternative and renewable source of silica that can be used instead of
the conventional silica sources, to develop support matrix for immobilizing lipases.
Key words: Immobilization, Lipase, OPL ash, Silica, Support matrix
CONVERSION OF CHICKEN VISCERA INTO PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE FOR
PALATANT PRODUCTION
Muhammad Afiq K.A*1
, Nur Husna Haron Narashid2
,
Madihah Md Salleh3
and Adibah Yahya4
1,2,3,4
Faculty of Biosciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: afiqkhir91@gmail.com, husnaharon91@gmail.com,
madihah@fbb.utm.my, adibah@fbb.utm.my )
Flavour and aroma cannot be separated in food industries. The manipulation of the ingredients to
increase the taste has started since early civilisation. Common example of the earliest application of
ingredients to increase the savoury taste of the food is soy sauce production. The process of digging
out the aroma and flavour includes frying, stewing, grilling as well as fermenting. Nowadays, much
complex savoury system in food can be achieved through several knowledge such as Maillard
reaction and protein hydrolysate production. The food produced will not only be tasty but healthy.

33
This concept was first focusing on human food production. However, the increasing number of pet
owner for about 10% annually since 2008 reported by US Pet Owner Society demanding the same
concept to be implement in pet food industries. Since most pet owners considering their pets as part of
their family, the pet food source from 4D (dead, dying, disable and diseased) animals are
unacceptable. Therefore, the pet food industries are competing with human food industries to get the
clean source of meat for food as well for flavour production. An alternative to overcome this is by
utilising the viscera of the slaughtered chicken for palatant or flavour production. Aside from meat,
bones and feathers, viscera is abundant as waste and not fully utilised. It is rich in protein where it can
be recovered using suitable process for a value added product such as flavour. There already a study
of converting the protein waste into protein hydrolysate via chemical and physical technique however,
few reports on conversion via indigenous microbes and enzymes. It is believed that the indigenous
microbes and enzymes (protease, peptinase) can be utilised for protein hydrolysate production which
later on be utilised as palatant. The palatant produced should be having sulphur based aroma
compound such as 2 methyl 3 furanthiol and 2-furfuryl thiol which is a chicken aroma.
Key words: Chicken Viscera, Hydrolysate, Palatant, Pet food, Flavour
POLYPYRROLE NANOCOMPOSITES
FOR CORROSION CONTROL
Magaji Ladan*1
, Wan Jeffrey Basirun2
, Kazi salim Newaz3
,
Shehu Habibu4
and Muntaka Dahiru5
1,2,5
Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: jeff@um.edu.my)
1
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, NIGERIA.
(E-mail: ladanmagaji@yahoo.com)
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: salimnewaz@um.edu.my)
4
Department of Chemistry, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa, NIGERIA.
(E-mail: habibkuty@gmail.com)
5
Department of Science Lab. Tech., Kano State Polytechnic.
(E-mail: gwanitahir@gmail.com)
Corrosion is persistent issue faced by manmade structures made from metals and metal alloys. Steel is
used in many structural applications; however, it undergoes severe corrosion when exposed to
corrosive media. Coatings are among the best methods to prevent metals and its alloys from the
corrosion. Traditional coating systems such as barrier coatings, metal rich coatings, and coatings
containing inhibitor have their own setbacks. Conductive polymers such as polyaniline and
polypyrrole were used for the corrosion protection of metals. Redox activity and the corrosion
inhibiting ion release ability of conducting polymers make them good choice in place of hexavalent
chromate compounds. However, conducting polymers are porous, stiff chains, inherent insolubility
and low mechanical properties which make them to possess low corrosion resistance properties. In
order to tackle the problems associated with the conducting polymers and to harness maximum
functionality out of them, conducting polymer nanocomposites (CPNs) were developed. CPNs
combines conducting polymers and inorganic pigments in unique methods and pave for excellent
properties. In this research, nanocomposite of polypyrrole was synthesized by ecofriendly, chemical
oxidative polymerization. Core and shell of polypyrrole with titanium dioxide prepared was
synthesized and used for the corrosion protection of steel substrate. This nanocomposite was
characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDX, TEM, and TGA. The corrosion performance of the
coatings was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic

34
polarization measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution. The EIS results indicate that the polypyrrole
nanocomposite had better performance than the polypyrrole alone due to the increased surface area of
the PPy synthesized in the presence TiO2 NPs.
Key words: Nanocomposite, coatings, titanium dioxide, polypyrrole
ANTIBACTERIAL FINISHING OF A DYED COTTON FABRICS USING DIOSPYROS
MESPILIFORMIS LEAVES EXTRACTS
Sulaiman Balarabe1
, Shehu Habibu*2
, Sani Muhammad Gumel3
, Magaji Ladan4
Abdullahi
Haruna Birniwa5
, Isa Baba Koki6
and Sharif Nafi’u Usman7
1,3,4
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, NIGERIA.
(E-mail: zogarawa@gmail.com, sani_gumel@yahoo.com, ladanmagaji@gmail.com)
2
Department of Chemistry, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa, NIGERIA.
(E-mail: habibkuty@gmail.com)
5
Department of Polymer Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Jigawa, NIGERIA.
(E-mail: birniwa01@yahoo.com)
6
Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, Kano, NIGERIA.
(E-mail: isakoki@yahoo.com)
7
Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Kashere, Gombe, NIGERIA.
(E-mail: sharifnafiuusman@ymail.com)
In this study, leaves of Diospyros mespiliformis was extracted using ethanol and macerated with
chloroform and ethyl acetate and later screened for antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial
analysis was performed qualitatively via disc diffusion method (AATCC 147) against Escherichia
coli and Staphylococcus aureus as gram negative and gram positive bacteria respectively. The extract
shows a significant activity on the isolated micro-organisms as evidenced by a clear zone of
inhibition, more so in the ethyl acetate petri dish indicating its potentials in preventing microbial
growth. The extract was then used to dye cotton fabrics by pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting
and post-mordanting processes. The materials were assessed for fastness properties, such as fastness
to washing, light, pressing and rubbing based on AATCC standards. The results show a good to
moderate fastness properties suggesting that extract of Diospyros mespiliformis can be successfully
used for dyeing of cotton fabric in textile industries thereby reducing the pollution and environmental
hazards associated with the use of conventional synthetic chemical dyes.
Key words: Antimicrobial, Diospyros mespiliformis, Dyeing, Fastness Textile.
ROLE OF Na+
ION REMOVAL ON THE
PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF
HYDROTHERMALLY-PREPARED TIO2 NANOTUBES
Naimat A. Eleburuike1
, Wan A. W. A. Bakar*2
and Rusmidah Ali3
1,2,3
(E-mail: naeleburuike@gmail.com, wazeleee@kimia.fs.utm.my, rusmidah@kimia.fs.utm.my)
Nanostructured TiO2 enjoys wide patronage for the remediation of water sources that have been

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