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Thinking Globally
CHAPTER 8

Strategic Management:Logic and Action
Huff, Floyd, Sherman, Terjesen




                                        Brahmanti Prameswari 0806432341
                                        Emi Listika Zen      0806432581
                                        Pelly Sianova        0806433464
Globalization
                                     globalize | ‘glõbè‚lïz |
                                                         verb
         develop or be developed so as to make possible
                      international influence or operation.
International
Diversification
Advantages                               Disadvantages
Earn greater returns on their existing   Market differ in way cannot always be
skills and competencies                  anticipated
Reduce financial risk                    Reduce the effectiveness of
                                         corporate management
Strengthening bargain power              The loss of flexibility and
                                         responsiveness to shifting consumer
                                         tastes
Determinants of
National Advantage                  (M.E.Porter)




              Firm strategy,
              structure, and
                  rivalry

   Factor                       Demand
  condition                    conditions


               Related and
               supporting
                industries
International
   Strategy
Competitive Forces for Low Cost




                                      Global                 Transnational
                                     Strategy                   Strategy




                                                          Multidimensional
                                  Internasional
                                                              Strategy
                                    Strategy


                                  Competitive Forces for Local Responsiveness
International
   Strategy
                                                                                Utilize domestic
                                                                                resources and
Competitive Forces for Low Cost




                                                                                capabilities
                                      Global                 Transnational
                                                                                and expand sales
                                     Strategy                   Strategy
                                                                                and operation
                                                                                across more
                                                                                than one country
                                                                                boundries
                                                          Multidimensional
                                  Internasional
                                                              Strategy
                                    Strategy


                                  Competitive Forces for Local Responsiveness
International
   Strategy
                                                                                Develop products,
                                                                                services, and
Competitive Forces for Low Cost




                                                                                experiences
                                      Global                 Transnational
                                                                                that respond to
                                     Strategy                   Strategy
                                                                                national differences



                                                          Multidimensional
                                  Internasional
                                                              Strategy
                                    Strategy


                                  Competitive Forces for Local Responsiveness
International
   Strategy
                                                                                Integrate
                                                                                operations to
Competitive Forces for Low Cost




                                                                                achieve cost and
                                      Global                 Transnational
                                                                                differentiation
                                     Strategy                   Strategy
                                                                                advantages in
                                                                                multiple
                                                                                economist
                                                          Multidimensional
                                  Internasional
                                                              Strategy
                                    Strategy


                                  Competitive Forces for Local Responsiveness
International
   Strategy
                                                                                Emphasizes
                                                                                responsiveness
Competitive Forces for Low Cost




                                                                                to local needs and
                                      Global                 Transnational
                                                                                global efficiencies
                                     Strategy                   Strategy
                                                                                simultaneously



                                                          Multidimensional
                                  Internasional
                                                              Strategy
                                    Strategy


                                  Competitive Forces for Local Responsiveness
International Entry Mode
                                                      Greenfield
         HIGH



                                         Joint Venture

 Level of Risk
  & Required
  Investment
                  Licensing
                                     Franchising
                  Export
         LOW
                 LOW                                             HIGH
                       Potential for Return & Level of Control
International Entry Mode
ENTRY MODE      ADVANTAGES                                      DISADVANTAGES
Exporting       • require little international experience       • high transportation costs & tariffs
                • require small level of financial investment
Licence         low risk (little financial investment)          • low profit return
                                                                • loses some control over the use of its
                                                                  product or processes
Franchise       • fast & relatively easy method for firm to     • an inexpensive way to exploiting foreign
                  leverage brand name dan strandardized           market opportunity
                  system internationally.
                                                                • potential loss of control over brand &
                • lower strat-up cost & access to proven          product quality (damaging reputation)
                  business model
                • less severe than other forms of licensing
Joint Venture   • shared ownership reduces the financial        • create new competitor
                  investment and risk involved in
                                                                • may have different (opposing) goals at
                  developing new market.
                                                                  the start
                • benefit from skill of other partner.
                                                                • objective of partner often change over
                                                                  time
Wholly Owned    • acquiring firm can move very quickly into     • complex, often costly, time consuming
Subsidiary =      major market
                                                                • high risk
Greenfield
                • complete control over strategic decisions
Venture                                                         • different corporate value and approaches
                • often better profit potential.                  (high turnover of talented employees)
Cross-Cultural Differences
        Political Risks realted to instability in national
        governments & to war, both civil & international
        (terrorist activities)



        Economic Risks related to likelihood of the
        government management of the economy will
        affect the country ‘s business environment such as
        currency fluctuations, change in inflation rate
Country Cluster                                             (G. Hofstede & M. Bond)


                                         NORDIC
                                                               GERMANIC
                                         Finland, Norway,
                                                               Austria, Germany,
                                         Denmark, Sweden
ANGLO                                                          Switzerland
Australia, South Africa,
Canada, NZ, UK, USA,             NEAR EASTERN
                                                                             INDEPENDENT
Ireland                          Turkey, Iran, Greece
                                                                             Brazil, Japan, India,
                                                                             Israel
                           LATIN EUROPEAN
                                                        ARAB
                           France, Belguim, Italy,
                                                        Bahrain, Oman, UAE,
                           Spain
                                                        Saudi Arabia, Kuwait,
                                                        Abu-Dhabi


  LATIN AMERICA                                                        FAR EASTERN
  Argentina, Venezuela,                                                Malaysia, Philippines,
  Chile, Peru, Mexico,                                                 Singapore, Taiwan,
  Colombia                                                             South Vietnam,
                                                                       Indonesia
IDENTIFY                        EXPLORE                    USE CORE                                   STRATEGIC
INTERNATIONAL                   RESOURCES AND              COMPETENCE                                 COMPETITIVENESS
OPPORTUNITIES                   CAPABILITIES                                                          OUTCOMES

                                International              Models of entry
                                strategies

                                                                                    Political
 • Exploit economies           • International             • Exporting
                                                                                    Risks
   of scale                      business-level                                                         Better
                                                           • Licensing
                                 strategy                                                               performance
 • Exploit economies
                                                           • Franchice
   of scope                    • Multidomestic
                                 strategy                  • Joint Venture
 • Exploit national
   differences                 • Global strategy           • New wholly
                                                                                                        Innovation
                                                             owned
                               • Transnationaal                                     Economic
                                                             subsidiary
                                 strategy                                           Risks




Redraw of International Strategy, Source: Michael A. Hitt, et al, Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization, 4th
edition, South-Western Pub, 2008
Thank You!!
now you may ask questions

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Thinking Globally: Strategic Management in a Globalized World

  • 1. Thinking Globally CHAPTER 8 Strategic Management:Logic and Action Huff, Floyd, Sherman, Terjesen Brahmanti Prameswari 0806432341 Emi Listika Zen 0806432581 Pelly Sianova 0806433464
  • 2. Globalization globalize | ‘glõbè‚lïz | verb develop or be developed so as to make possible international influence or operation.
  • 3. International Diversification Advantages Disadvantages Earn greater returns on their existing Market differ in way cannot always be skills and competencies anticipated Reduce financial risk Reduce the effectiveness of corporate management Strengthening bargain power The loss of flexibility and responsiveness to shifting consumer tastes
  • 4. Determinants of National Advantage (M.E.Porter) Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry Factor Demand condition conditions Related and supporting industries
  • 5. International Strategy Competitive Forces for Low Cost Global Transnational Strategy Strategy Multidimensional Internasional Strategy Strategy Competitive Forces for Local Responsiveness
  • 6. International Strategy Utilize domestic resources and Competitive Forces for Low Cost capabilities Global Transnational and expand sales Strategy Strategy and operation across more than one country boundries Multidimensional Internasional Strategy Strategy Competitive Forces for Local Responsiveness
  • 7. International Strategy Develop products, services, and Competitive Forces for Low Cost experiences Global Transnational that respond to Strategy Strategy national differences Multidimensional Internasional Strategy Strategy Competitive Forces for Local Responsiveness
  • 8. International Strategy Integrate operations to Competitive Forces for Low Cost achieve cost and Global Transnational differentiation Strategy Strategy advantages in multiple economist Multidimensional Internasional Strategy Strategy Competitive Forces for Local Responsiveness
  • 9. International Strategy Emphasizes responsiveness Competitive Forces for Low Cost to local needs and Global Transnational global efficiencies Strategy Strategy simultaneously Multidimensional Internasional Strategy Strategy Competitive Forces for Local Responsiveness
  • 10. International Entry Mode Greenfield HIGH Joint Venture Level of Risk & Required Investment Licensing Franchising Export LOW LOW HIGH Potential for Return & Level of Control
  • 11. International Entry Mode ENTRY MODE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Exporting • require little international experience • high transportation costs & tariffs • require small level of financial investment Licence low risk (little financial investment) • low profit return • loses some control over the use of its product or processes Franchise • fast & relatively easy method for firm to • an inexpensive way to exploiting foreign leverage brand name dan strandardized market opportunity system internationally. • potential loss of control over brand & • lower strat-up cost & access to proven product quality (damaging reputation) business model • less severe than other forms of licensing Joint Venture • shared ownership reduces the financial • create new competitor investment and risk involved in • may have different (opposing) goals at developing new market. the start • benefit from skill of other partner. • objective of partner often change over time Wholly Owned • acquiring firm can move very quickly into • complex, often costly, time consuming Subsidiary = major market • high risk Greenfield • complete control over strategic decisions Venture • different corporate value and approaches • often better profit potential. (high turnover of talented employees)
  • 12. Cross-Cultural Differences Political Risks realted to instability in national governments & to war, both civil & international (terrorist activities) Economic Risks related to likelihood of the government management of the economy will affect the country ‘s business environment such as currency fluctuations, change in inflation rate
  • 13. Country Cluster (G. Hofstede & M. Bond) NORDIC GERMANIC Finland, Norway, Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden ANGLO Switzerland Australia, South Africa, Canada, NZ, UK, USA, NEAR EASTERN INDEPENDENT Ireland Turkey, Iran, Greece Brazil, Japan, India, Israel LATIN EUROPEAN ARAB France, Belguim, Italy, Bahrain, Oman, UAE, Spain Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Abu-Dhabi LATIN AMERICA FAR EASTERN Argentina, Venezuela, Malaysia, Philippines, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Singapore, Taiwan, Colombia South Vietnam, Indonesia
  • 14. IDENTIFY EXPLORE USE CORE STRATEGIC INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES AND COMPETENCE COMPETITIVENESS OPPORTUNITIES CAPABILITIES OUTCOMES International Models of entry strategies Political • Exploit economies • International • Exporting Risks of scale business-level Better • Licensing strategy performance • Exploit economies • Franchice of scope • Multidomestic strategy • Joint Venture • Exploit national differences • Global strategy • New wholly Innovation owned • Transnationaal Economic subsidiary strategy Risks Redraw of International Strategy, Source: Michael A. Hitt, et al, Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization, 4th edition, South-Western Pub, 2008
  • 15. Thank You!! now you may ask questions