This document discusses several classes of antibiotics including macrolides, aminoglycosides, polyenes, and polypeptides. It describes the mechanisms of action, resistance, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of these drug classes. The macrolides discussed include erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin. Common aminoglycosides covered are streptomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin. Polymyxin-B and colistin are presented as polyene antibiotics.
11. Therapeutic uses- Erythromycin
FIRST CHOICE OF DRUG
1) Atypical pneumonia
2) Pneumonia
3) Whooping cough
SECOND CHOICE OF DRUG
1) Campylobacter gastroenteritis
2) Chancroid
3) Chlamydial conjunctivitis
21. How Cidal action is achieved
Ans-
Defective proteins incorporated in cell membrane.
Due to secondary changes in the integrity of bacterial cell
membrane. (Increase permeability for ions, amino acids, proteins- Leading to
leaking of these out side)
Bonus of incorporation of defective protein in cell membrane
More entry of antibiotic occurs in to the cell. Further
increasing affectivity
Death Of Bacteria
22. Resistance
1. Inactivation through enzymes
2. Mutation / deletion of porin channels
3. Alteration of the receptor protein on
30s ribosome
24. Pharmacokinetics
Oral drugs
Highly polar, basic drugs
Poor oral bioavailability
Excreted in faeces
IV
Kidney
Urinary tract infection
Dose for a
case of renal =
insufficiency
29. Kanamycin
Arbekacin
Stable in presence of aminoglycoside inactivating enzyme
Effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria
MRSA, P.aeruginosa, E.coli, K. Peumoniae,
Enterobacter cloacae
Serratia marcescens
proteus mirabilis, proteus rattegiri
proteus vulgaris
morganelloa morganii
30. Amikacin: resistant to enzyme inactivation, used in combination with antitubercular drugs
Neomycin
With bacitracin- prevent infection in wound and cuts
1. As preoperative intestinal antiseptic
framycetin
skin infection, burns
ophthalmic infection