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Woven pile fabrics
Filling pile
fabrics(corduroy,
velveteen)
Warp pile
fabrics(velour,velvet)
Slack tension weave
fabrics( terry cloth)
Over wire
fabrics(frieze, plush)
Other methods
involved
Knit pile fabrics
(knitted terry cloth,
sliver pile knits)
Chenille yarn
fabrics(drapery ,
upholstery)
Tufted pile
fabrics(furlike
fabrics, carpets,
tufted-napped
blankets)
Flocked pile fabrics
(flocked draperies,
carpets etc.)

Terry cloth:
• A terry cloth is a fabric which is made with loop pile on one
or both sides generally covering the entire surface or forming
patterns and are used for their absorbency properties.
• When a terry is woven on a terry loom it is only in loop pile
form but after taken off the loom, it can be converted into
cut pile or both to produce diferent characterstics fabric.

• In the production of terry fabrics two warps are processed
simultaneously: the ground warp with tautly tensioned ends
and the pile warp with lightly tensioned ends.
• A special weaving method enables loops to be formed with
the lightly tensioned warp ends on the fabric surface. With
the basic method known as three-pick terry, three picks form
a pick group.
• By means of a special device on the weaving machine, two
picks are inserted at a variable distance –the loose pick
distance – from the cloth fell. The loose pick distance is varied
according to the desired pile height.

1. Pile warp beam
2. Guide roller
3. Pile tensioning beam
4. Ground warp tensioner
5. Ground warp stop motion
6. Pile warp stop motion
7. Ground warp beam
8. Sley gear with dynamic drive
9. Cloth take up roller
10. Cloth beam
11. Shed formation by
a shedding device
Rapier terry weaving machine- With sley drive mechanism to form sculptured
effect by varying pile heights through changing the position of sley at beat up.

• This represents a three pick terry woven on a terry loom,
• The two picks are bounded by plain weave construction and
the pile forming yarn forms the float of two picks and is
immediately bound by the third single pick .
• So that when the pick is beaten at the third pick by a special
reed; the float then forms the loop pile.

Sculptured terry can be manufactured at two stages of terry
cloth manufacturing-
• During weaving: 3,4,5 or higher pick groups are manufactured
simultaneously on the loom to produce terry with diferrent
plie heights and thus forming a sculptured fabric.
• During finishing i.e after weaving : the simply woven terry
fabric is embossed according to design, the loops that remain
taut are sheared(cut) and the pile area that flattens are
brushed to form high or low sculptured effect.
Long loops
Short loops

• This is a seven pick terry design used for sculptured terry production.
• Two separate loose pick group are inserted for varying pile height as
decided by the warp float.
• They are fully beaten at the seventh pick and sixth pick to form large and
small loops.
• In this design –two pile warp and two ground warp are taking part to form
loops above and below by keeping them up or down during weaving
through their individual harnesses.
1st pile warp
2nd pile warp
reed
picksLoop from 1st pile warp
Loops from 2nd pile warp
Ground warps

Ground warp Pile warp Weft
Warping Warping
Sizing Sizing
Drawing in
Winding
Weaving
Finishing( tentering, printing, sculpturing etc.)

• Terry plus 800,Picanol,Belgium
• Picanol 2004, from Belgium
• Tsudakoma 2005, from Japan
• Terry version of G6200 rapier weaving machine, Sulzer Textil,
Switzerland

• Textiles, fifth edition by Norma Hollen, Jane Saddler, Anna L
Langford
• Magazine-terry fabrics with exclusive pattern, Sulzer Technical
Review 2/98
• Handbook of Weaving, Sulzer, by Sabit Adanur, Ph.D