2. WHAT IS A CONSTITUTION
 A Constitution is a set of fundamental principles or
established precedents according to which a state or
other organization is governed.
 These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the
entity is.
 When these principles are written down into a single
document or set of legal documents, those documents
may be said to embody a written constitution or
codified constitution.
 Some constitutions are uncodified, but written in
numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court
cases or treaties

3. WHY DO WE NEED A
COSTITUTION?
• Basic Rules- its has the basic rule on which the
democracy functions. it guides in functioning of a
democracy
• Rights- it defines the right of a citizen over state and
other persons
• Duties- it determines the duty of the state and also
the duty of the individual vis a vis the country.
• Directives- it contains the directives to the
government to make law
• Determines the territory of state and country- the
constitution limits the territory of the whole country
and the states.
• Citizenship- it determines the various provisions for
gaining and losing citizenship of the country.

4. • Centre and states relations- constitution determines the
legislatie judicial, executive relations between centre
and states.
• Constitutional posts- it mentions power functions of
president vis a vis PM and council of ministers at centre
and governor and state council of ministers at state
level.
• It is the bulwark of rule of law in a country it gives the
true color to right to equality, freedom and liberty.
• It mentions the separation of power between union and
the states. Though India doesn't have watertight
separation of power as in US.
• It makes sure to check and balance power of one organ
over the other.
• It defines whether the democracy is direct or indirect
and if it is indirect then whether it is presidential or
parliamentary system.

5. WHY DO WE
NEED TO KNOW
OUR
CONSTITUTION
?

6. Every citizen should know how his/her country
works…
• It belongs to you, and the rest of the people.
• You created it and sustain it.
• It claims to be the Supreme Law of the Land.
• There are differing views as to what it means, who
is right
• How else do you put today's headlines in proper
context?
• The preservation of freedom requires it.
• A republic is not self-sustaining, it must be “kept
• The Founders expected you to know it. Posterity
depends on our knowing and keeping the
Constitution “operating.” “and secure the
blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”
• Who knows the Future?

7. TRACING THE FRAMING OF
THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

10. THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
CHAIRMAN

11. The Drafting Committee had seven members:
Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, N. Gopalaswami; B.R. Ambedkar, K.M Munshi,
Mohammad Saadulla, B.L. Mitter and D.P. Khaitan

12. At its first meeting on 30th August 1947, the Drafting Committee
elected B.R Ambedkar as its Chairman.

14. INTERESTIN
G FACTS

15.  The National Emblem was also adopted on
January 26th, 1950.
 It wasn’t a day’s work. It took a highly
competent team to work assiduously for 2
years, 11 months and 18 days to compile
the Indian constitution.
 The Constituent Assembly comprised 389
members out of which 15 were women.
 It was handwritten in English and Hindi by
Prem Behari Narain Raizada in beautiful
calligraphy, and special artists were called in
from Shantiniketan to beautify its pages
under the guidance of Acharya Nand Lal
Bose.

17.  Named the longest constitution of the world, the Indian
constitution has 448 articles, 22 Parts, 12 schedules
and 5 Appendices.
 As of January 2018, it has been amended 101 times
 On 26 January 1930 Purna Swaraj was publicly
issued, and though we asked to be granted freedom
on this very date, to commemorate 26th January in
one form or another, the Constitution was brought to
effect on the same date 20 years after the original day
of Purna Swaraj.
 Though it was completed on 26 November 1949
 The original copies of the constitution, now
preserved in a helium-filled box, is planted in the
Parliament House.

18. FEATURES OF
THE
CONSTITUTION

19. o WRITTEN AND BULKIEST CONSTITUTION
o BOTH RIGID AND FLEXIBLE
o PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM OF
GOVERNMENT
o FEDERAL STRUCTURE WITH UNITARY
SPIRIT
o FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
o SECULARISM
o INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY
o SINGLE CITIZENSHIP
o SEPARATION OF POWERS

20. STRUCTURE OF
THE
CONSTITUTION

22. THE PREAMBLE

23. PART-III- FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS
FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS
Equality
Freedom
Religion
Against
Exploitation
Cultural and
Educational
Constitution
al Remedies

24. PART IV A- FUNDAMENTAL
DUTIES
1. To abide by and respect the constitution, the national flag and
national anthem.
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideas of the freedom struggle.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when required.
5. To promote common brotherhood and establish dignity of women.
6. To preserve the rich heritage of nation's composite culture.
7. To protect and improve natural environment.
8. To develop scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry.
9. To safeguard public property and abjure violence.
10. To strive for excellence in all sphere of individual and collective
activity.
11. It shall be duty of every citizen of India who is a parent or guardian
to provide opportunity for education to his child or as the case may
be , ward between the age of 6 and 14

25. CONCLUSION
It is time to undertake a study of Indian Federalism
with a view to valuate the trends, frictions and
difficulties which have developed in the area of
inter-governmental relations and to seek to evolve
ways and means to meet the challenging task of
making the Indian federation a more robust, strong
and workable system so that the country may
meet the tasks of self-improvement and
development.
The responsibility lies on not only the jurists and
policy framers, but also the citizens of the country
to work in a harmonious manner for the
development of the country.

26. THANKYO
U!
SHIVANI SHARMA
LL.M.
SARDAR PATEL SUBHARTI INSTITUTE OF LAW