5. Routes of Entry of Chemicals
Inhalation
Skin Contact
Injection
6. Routes of Entry
1. Inhalation –
through the lungs
2. Absorption :
through the skin
through the epidermal cells of skin
sweat and sebaceous (oil) glands
hair follicles and eyes .
3. Ingestion :
through eating and drinking
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
7. Definitions
FLASH POINT
Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor in sufficient
concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the
liquid.
Methanol : 16.10
C Naphtha: -6.670
C
AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE
Minimum temperature at which a flammable gas or vapor mixture will ignite
from its own heat source or a contacted heated surface with out necessity
of spark or flame.
Methanol: 3850
C Naphtha : 2320
C
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
8. T.L.V (Threshold Limit value)
TLV-TWA (Time Weighted Average):
The concentration of air contaminants in the working environment to which it is
believed nearly all persons may be exposed repeatedly, day after day, without
adverse effect. It refers for normal 8 hour work week.
Chlorine: 1 PPM Ammonia- 25 PPM
Hydrogen Sulfide: 10 PPM
TLV - S.T.E.L (Short Term Exposure Limit):
The maximum concentration to which person can be exposed for a period up to 15
minutes continuously, provided that no more than four excursions per day are
permitted, with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods.
Chlorine: 3 PPM Ammonia: 35 PPM
Hydrogen Sulfide: 15 PPM
Definitions
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
9. TLV – IDLH:- (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health)
The concentration of a chemical in the air which give danger to the personal life.
•Chlorine: 25 PPM
•Ammonia: 500 PPM,
•Hydrogen Sulfide: 300 PPM
Definitions
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
10. How Petroleum Products Classified?
As per Petroleum Rules Petroleum Products have been classified
as
Class A The flash point of the liquid < 230
C Ex : M.S
Class B The flash point of the liquid >23<65 0
C Ex: Diesel, Kerosene
Class C The flash point of the liquid> 65 0
C Ex: LDO
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
11. Types of Chemical and Its Effects
Chemicals Effects On Examples
Hepato-toxins Liver Chloroform, vinyl chloride
Nephro Toxins Kidney cadmium, mercury
Haemato-toxins Cells in circulation and bone
marrow
benzene
Pulmono-toxins Lungs silica dust and asbestos fibres
Asphyxiants interfere with the
oxygenation of the tissues
Are of twos types
Simple displaces oxygen from the
air
nitrogen (inert gases)
Chemical interferes with the body’s
ability to absorb or transport
oxygen to the tissues
CO, H2S, cyanide gases
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
12. Types of Chemical and Its Effects
Carcinogen:-
Any substance that is capable of causing cancer
Carcinogens are chronic toxins. They cause damage after repeated or long-duration
exposure.
Examples of Substances causing Carcinogenic effects:-
Certain Asbestos Products
Certain Chemicals ( Benzene )
Coal tars and coke oven emissions
Ionizing radiation
Tobacco smoke
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
14. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Chemical Identity, CAS No.
Physical / Chemical Properties of the Chemical
Fire / Explosion Hazard Data (LEL, Flash Point)
Reactivity Data
Health Hazard Data (TLV, STEL, NFPA )
Preventive Measures
Emergency /First Aid Measures
Additional Information if any.
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
16. Chemical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Fire
Explosion
Toxic Release
Spills
Corrosive
Radiation
Hazardous Activities
Sampling
Draining
De-choking
Mixing of Chemicals
Addition of Chemicals
from drums to carboys
Compatibility study of Chemicals is very useful in
controlling Chemical Hazard
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
17. Risk in Hazardous Activities
Splashing of hot and /or corrosive chemicals resulting into injury on
body parts.
Splashing of flammable chemicals
Inhalation of toxic gas if it released through a sample point
Static charge generation with hydrocarbon sampling.
Safe Handling of Chemicals in Work place
Samples shall be taken only by authorized trained personnel.
Follow SOP.
Avoid inhaling vapors during sampling.
Use approved type of sample bottles.
Identify the sample points with tag nos.
Chemical Hazards
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
18. Health problems associated with the
Various kinds of dust exposures are
influenced by four critical factors
the type of the dust involved.
the size of the dust present in the
breathing zone.
the length of exposure time (possibly in
years).
Concentration of airborne dust in the
breathing zone
Chemical Hazards
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
19. Control of Chemical exposure
Precautions to be taken that the chemicals are not entered into body
through Skin absorption, Ingestion or inhalation.
Engineering controls-exhaust ventilation and equipment
Personal protective equipment
Personal hygiene
Labeling and storage of containers.
Housekeeping and maintenance.
Regulated areas.
Decontamination and emergency Procedure.
Monitoring.
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
20. Use appropriate PPEs for different chemicals
PVC Aprons
PVC Gloves, Nitrile gloves,
PVC Suit
FACE Shield with visor
Heat Retardant suit.
Chemical Splash Goggles for eyes.
Safety shoes with Chemical retardant sole.
Control of Chemical exposure
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
21. Respiratory Protection
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM is the act of in hailing fresh air into the lungs and exhaling
stale air from them.
HAZRADS: Oxygen deficient air and harmful toxic contaminants in the atmosphere.
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Air Purifying Respirators
On Line Breathing Apparatus
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus-SCBA
Air Purifying Respirators:- Cleans the Contaminated Air before it is breathed in
Full Face Cartridge mask.
Half face cartridge mask.
On Line respirator:- Air is supplied online via tubing to the mask.
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus:- In SCBA, air is supplied from a source carried
out by the users.
Control of Chemical exposure
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
22. HALF MASK = 10 x TLV of the Chemical
FULL MASK = 50 x TLV of the Chemical
AIR LINE = 1000 x TLV of the Chemical
SCBA = 1000 x TLV of the Chemical
IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT RESPIRATORS FOR EXPOSURE LEVELS NOT
EXCEEDING 10 TIMES THE TLV
Continue…….
When to Discard the Cartridge?
It is advised to discard the Cartridge when you observe
Unable to breath after wearing the mask ( cartridge might have choked)
The smell of the chemical is still felt after wearing the mask
total discomfort after wearing the mask
Control of Chemical exposure
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
23. Care and Maintenance Of Respirators
Place it back after use in its storage position
Avoid dust, heat, sun exposure
Regular check for workability
Wash/clean/dry after use
Keep records
Control of Chemical exposure
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/