Architecture Town And Planing Lecture Uploaded By=Sheryar Bismil Prepared By=MUST

1. Architecture & Town Planning
1
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST
Class# 9: Introduction to Town Planning

2. Isn’t This a Great Day to Study
Architecture & Town Planning???
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 2
Source: Sydney Opera House “https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52fqFVuaBhE”

3. Today’s Agenda
• Basic Concepts
• Town Planning
o Objectives of town planning
o Elements of town planning
• Important Definitions and Terms
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 3

4. Introduction to Town Planning
Basic Concepts
• Municipality
o A public corporation created by state and has the power to pass ordinances effective as
laws for the protection of public health, safety, morals and general welfare
• Settlement
o A community in which people live (town or a city)
• Settlement Hierarchy
o A way of arranging settlements into a hierarchy based upon some criteria e.g. population,
land, services etc.
o Normally depends upon administrative and legislative status
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 4

5. Introduction to Town Planning
Basic Concepts
• Plan
o Any procedure used to achieve an objective
o Comprises of a set of intended actions, through which one expects to achieve
their goal
• Planning
o An organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan
o Relates to thinking about the actions required to achieve a desired goal/
objective on some scale
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 5

6. Introduction to Town Planning
Planning Process
• Identification of the Problem (say demographic growth)
• Defining the Objectives (provide adequate facilities)
• Date Collection and Analysis (demographic surveys)
• Forecasting (demographic projection)
• Design (developments like residential zones, high risers etc.)
• Fixing the Priorities (depend upon need, importance and urgency)
• Implementation (according to the standards)
• Review, Evaluation & Feedback (continuous improvement)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 6

7. Introduction to Town Planning
Planning Principles
Planning must be;
• Comprehensive (all significant options and impacts are considered)
• Efficient (the process should not waste time or money)
• Inclusive(stakeholder involvement)
• Informative (results are understood by stakeholders)
• Integrated (individual, short-term decisions should support strategic,
long-term goals)
• Logical (each step leads to the next)
• Transparent (everybody involved understands how the process
operates)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 7

8. Introduction to Town Planning
Town Planning Retrospect
• Much older than modern profession
• Unplanned Towns
o A cluster of huts, a camp by a river, a citadel on a
commanding height – numerous places like these have
grown organically into permanent settlements
o With streets and housing following the contours of the land,
many of these organic towns were charming
o Others were overcrowded and unsanitary, failing to provide a
good life
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 8

9. Introduction to Town Planning
Town Planning
• The art and science of ordering the use of land and
siting of buildings and communication routes so as to
secure maximum practical degree of economy,
convenience and beauty
• It is a dynamic process that is constantly responding to
the changes in community and involves both existing
and new developments
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 9

10. Introduction to Town Planning
Town Planning
• It encompasses different disciplines and brings them
under the single umbrella
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 10
Source: “http://www.slideshare.net/ctlachu/introduction-to-town-planning”
INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING
TOWN PLANNING
• It is art of shaping and guiding physical growth of town
by creating buildings and environmental to meet social
economical cultural needs and providing healthy
condition for both rich and poor (G.K Hariskar)
© DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING - THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE (UOL) - RAIWIND ROAD – LAHORE - PAKISTAN

11. Introduction to Town Planning
Role of Town Planners
• Well Balanced Social and Economic Development
o Relates to centers of commerce and social activities
o E.g. Markets, Parks, transport stations etc.
• Improvement of Life Quality
o Relates to the utilities provided
o E.g. Electricity, Gas, water, sanitation etc.
• Environmental Protection
o Relates to preservation of nature
o E.g. National parks, historical sites etc.
• Rational Use of Land
o Relates to human modification of land into built environments
o Encompasses all the other aspects (listed above)
11

12. Objectives of Town Planning
• Health
o To create and promote healthy conditions and environment
for all people
o Involves adequate availability of clean water, proper
sanitation systems, separate residential and industrial zones
etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 12
Source: Health Insurance,“https://ico.ku.edu.tr/students/health-insurance”

13. Objectives of Town Planning
• Convenience
o Convenience relates to various needs of the community such
as social, economic, cultural and recreational amenities etc.
o Easy access to basic public amenities like water, electricity,
gas, telephone etc.
o It also involves access to public institutions like prayer halls,
hospitals, schools, parks etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 13
Source: Convenience and WordPress Multi-site,“http://www.flamescorpion.com/convenience-and-wordpress-multi-site/”

14. Objectives of Town Planning
• Beauty
o Preservation of individuality of a town by developing it in the
most visually pleasing way possible
o Includes improved types of domestic and civic buildings,
architectural control on public as well as semi-public
buildings and preservation of ancient architectural buildings
of cultural importance
o It also relates to open green places like parks, gardens,
playgrounds, green road medians
etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 14
Source: “http://sf.streetsblog.org/2011/02/01/cesar-chavez-street-redesign-approved-by-sfmta-board/”

15. Objectives of Town Planning
• Environment
o Related to protection of natural environment
o Concerned with a better relationship between a human being
and their environment
o Involves preservation and improvement of green zones,
sustainable development, adequate
waste management system etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 15
Source:“https://www.theparkcatalog.com/blog/commercial-trash-cans-formula-for-increasing-use/”

16. Elements of Town Planning
Town Commerce
• Following are the elements of town planning
o Town commerce
o Town residential
o Town landscape
o Town transportation
o Town infrastructure
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 16
Source:“http://www.tillsonburg.ca/Local-Government/Town-Departments/Development-and-Communication-Services/Planning/Central-Business-District-Design-Study”

17. Elements of Town Planning
Town Commerce
• Town Center
o The town center can be defined as a place where all the major
commercial activities of the town take place
o E.g. Saddar in Rawalpindi
• Town Sub Center
o When the town center can’t grow further, sub-centers may
emerge in other parts of the town
o E.g. Emergence of Liaqat Bagh after Saddar got filled up
• Neighborhood Center
o Commercial center or the market place for a neighborhood
o E.g. Various Markaz in Islamabad Sectors
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 17

18. Elements of Town Planning
Town Residential
Housing Suburbs
• The outer boundaries of a town where activities of the town
diminish
• Mostly consist of residential complexes with minimal commercial
activity
• E.g. Housing schemes like Bahria town,
DHA in Rawalpindi
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 18
Source:“http://seniorplanet.org/the-graying-of-suburbia/”

19. Elements of Town Planning
Town Transportation
• Roads:
o A public way maintained by governmental authority for passage
of vehicles
o Constructed to facilitate people movement, both within a town
and from other nearby towns
o Roads in towns are also called streets, lanes, avenues,
boulevards etc.
o Include all small local roads and inter-town highways etc.
o Important to understand their difference for jurisdictional rights
(federal vs. state)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 19

20. Elements of Town Planning
Town Transportation
• Public Transport:
o Conveyance of large numbers of passengers, with in a town or
to other towns for a fixed fare
o Include regulation for bus routes and location of bus stations
• Mass Transit:
o Addresses the needs of a major transit/ movement of people
especially from suburbs to city centers and vice versa
o E.g. Subways system, railway system etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 20

21. Elements of Town Planning
Town Landscape
• Includes open spaces like parks, green zones etc.
• Can be divided into two types:
a) Hard Landscape
• Refers to artificial /manmade landscape
b) Soft Landscape
• Refers to natural landscape
• Town Infrastructure
o Includes town office administrative buildings, schools, hospitals,
community centers etc.
o Also relates to the utilities like electricity and gas stations, water
supply, sanitation plant etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 21

22. Elements of Town Planning
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 22
Source: Town Map; “https://sites.google.com/site/impararemeanslearning/town-map”

23. Important Definitions & Terms
• Approved Scheme
A scheme approved by the government, a local
government or any other public authority
• Building Height
Total height of a building measured from the
crown of the road to the top of the parapet wall
excluding the structures such as chimney stacks,
water tower etc.
• Building/ House Line
The line beyond which the outer face of a building
may not project
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 23

24. Important Definitions & Terms
• Environmental Impact Assessment
Process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and
mitigating the biological, social and other relevant effects
of the development proposal prior to major decisions
being taken and commitments made
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 24
Source: “http://www.city.sendai.jp/kankyou/kanri/plan/ordinance_e/ordinance6e.html”

25. Important Definitions & Terms
• Restricted Area
Area in which the federal, provincial or local government
has imposed certain building or area development
restrictions
• Setback
Distance by which a building or any structure is set back
with reference to some other place like street, road etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 25

26. Important Definitions & Terms
• Katchi Abadi
A residential area which has developed without legal
claims to the land and/or permission from the concerned
authorities to build (Punjab Katchi Abadis Act, 1992)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 26
Source: Absence of Low-income housing led to proliferation of slums; “http://www.dawn.com/news/1203374”

27. Questions ???
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 27