1. DataCoach.ca
Table vs. Graph :What are graphs and tables for ?
Table and Graph represent a quantitative relationship between set of categories and set of
quantitative values
Categories: Department category and Q1 (Jan, Feb,
March) category
Budget Forecast 2012
Quantitative value: Budget in US $(Measure of
Department Jan Feb Mar
Marketing 83,333 62,465 79,456 Money)
Sales 38,838 41,899 48,500
HR 37,780 32,878 29,665
Finance 58,976 51,786 55,346
Total $218,927 $189,028 $212,967 US.$ 90,000 Budget Forcast Q1 2012
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000 Marketing
40,000 Sales
30,000 HR
20,000
Finance
10,000
0
Jan Feb Mar
Q1 2012

2. DataCoach.ca
Table vs. Graph : which one communicate your message better?
Apply graph when Apply table when
The message contained in
The display will be used to look
shape of values like
up individual values
patterns, trends or exceptions
Graph can display large amount
It will be used to compare
of data that can be readily
individual values
perceived and understood
Both detail and summary values
need to be included

3. DataCoach.ca
Table vs. Graph : Examples of Graph or Table
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
Product 01 93,816.87 99,330.17 97,964.58 91,356.44 90,706.87 94,130.90 97,449.62 92,400.25 94,642.58 97,362.82 95,610.46 97,214.17 1,141,985.72
Product 02 61,544.86 62,620.00 60,980.35 64,156.34 64,546.47 65,644.51 63,653.62 67,168.96 67,551.90 66,088.71 69,123.37 64,160.96 777,240.05
Product 03 70,489.50 72,292.01 74,470.37 74,068.47 76,763.80 71,854.27 78,119.35 75,512.98 77,279.64 76,664.56 78,745.54 74,780.17 901,040.66
Product 04 31,181.15 56,173.19 50,350.72 54,069.25 54,903.16 56,013.38 58,355.25 51,377.39 51,220.79 50,468.00 52,907.65 57,834.99 624,854.94
Product 05 54,308.43 52,513.25 55,085.31 54,393.36 51,017.44 56,982.99 52,053.24 50,160.16 50,541.53 59,262.03 51,442.67 56,684.94 644,445.37
Product 06 45,806.17 41,336.60 42,219.14 42,250.34 42,010.01 43,358.85 49,227.33 49,472.11 42,762.00 42,946.64 42,211.66 44,419.87 528,020.72
Product 07 87,060.12 85,826.87 87,491.86 81,843.27 85,363.72 82,761.22 86,571.80 89,550.80 84,381.91 87,349.18 88,166.28 88,488.13 1,034,855.16
Product 08 16,785.86 11,512.28 14,249.97 13,349.83 11,047.10 16,537.92 15,122.03 12,413.50 10,845.32 14,183.00 15,780.88 19,738.02 171,565.71
Product 09 25,487.77 24,718.00 25,440.27 21,653.58 29,588.19 20,087.97 23,387.63 24,322.17 21,766.06 21,100.43 27,347.62 24,304.74 289,204.44
Table1- table for comparison and look up
120,000.00
100,000.00
80,000.00
60,000.00 Product 01
Product 02
40,000.00
20,000.00
0.00
Graph 1- graph for trend and pattern

4. DataCoach.ca
Table Design: What quantitative relationship table can display?
Relation between single Relation between one set Relation between one set
set of quantitative value of quantitative values and of quantitative value and
and one set of the intersection of the intersection of
categorical items multiple categories hierarchical categories
Sales 2011 2012
Rank Produt (US $) Region Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
1 Product E 1,862 North 632 986 309 343 822 237
2 Product I 1,702 East 314 279 911 456 949 999
3 Product B 1,490 South 641 303 498 620 918 967
4 Product F 1,422 West 235 830 239 512 742 929
5 Product H 1,356 Total 1,822 2,399 1,956 1,931 3,431 3,133
6 Product A 1,277
7 Product C 1,268
8 Product J 1,256
9 Product D 1,081 Region
10 Product G 1,072 Year Qtr North East South West Total
2011 1 632 314 641 235 1,822
2 986 279 303 830 2,399
3 309 911 498 239 1,956
4 343 456 620 512 1,931
2012 1 822 949 918 742 3,431
2 237 999 967 929 3,133

5. DataCoach.ca
Table Design : What is the best structure for your table?
Region prodcut Unit Sold Product North East South West
North product 01 184 Product01 184 170 131 138
product 02 182 Product02 182 170 162 162
product 03 136 Product03 136 103 117 198
product 04 138 Product04 138 120 129 192
product 05 145 Product05 145 153 155 131
product 06 161 Product06 161 138 143 150
product 07 112 Product07 112 147 189 121
product 08 188 Product08 188 130 172 135
product 09 141
Product09 141 113 153 101
product 10 193
Product10 193 149 130 150
product 11 181
Product11 181 143 105 184
product 12 124
product 13 189 Product12 124 109 189 156
product 14 199 Product13 189 105 168 188
product 15 182 Product14 199 154 118 168
East product 01 170 Product15 182 160 170 196
product 02 170
product 03 103

6. DataCoach.ca
Table Design: How to capture hierarchies in your table?
Category Product Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
Beauty Supply Product02 66 88 63 84 64 51 26 76 22 70 50 78 738
Product03 90 82 62 81 32 34 71 94 28 65 10 48 697
Product04 78 51 21 76 90 56 34 69 40 84 38 15 652
Product06 23 11 99 36 15 96 12 50 91 99 55 7 595
Product01 30 68 49 63 15 25 75 55 83 7 26 13 508
Product05 68 31 48 11 31 42 22 37 68 17 43 0 418
Product07 6 87 14 11 3 67 46 43 3 2 5 31 317
360 418 354 362 250 371 287 425 336 345 227 192 3926
Pharmaceutical Product15 413 299 256 286 395 513 409 501 357 394 207 359 4391
Product14 39 58 17 60 67 87 81 15 56 84 20 32 615
Product13 79 41 72 30 41 76 27 45 86 16 96 76 685
Product12 68 2 28 38 89 82 100 66 14 76 2 12 578
Product11 84 36 19 22 16 56 92 99 66 12 43 73 616
Product10 61 99 6 22 33 59 21 83 37 33 3 52 508
Product09 38 21 23 43 73 64 36 100 26 90 27 20 560
Product08 45 42 93 72 77 89 53 93 71 83 16 94 829
360 418 354 362 250 371 287 425 336 345 227 192 3926

7. DataCoach.ca
Table Design: What column sequence is right for your table?
• Column that need comparison • Derived Column next to column that has
need to be next to each other been calculated from
Last Year This year % of Total Fcst
Product Unit Sold Revenue Revenue Product Unit Sold Actual Revenue Revenue Revenue
Product 01 3,546 127,330 34,332 Product 01 1,067 155,824 29% 10,964
Product 02 57 42,090 170,500 Product 02 2,042 25,527 5% 8,755
Product 03 3,526 159,948 83,847 Product 03 225 94,894 17% 66,772
Product 04 2,515 84,484 11,536 Product 04 688 105,196 19% 70,524
Product 05 127 35,986 50,315 Product 05 602 162,389 30% 66,129
Total 9,771 449,838 350,531 Total 4,624 543,830 100% 223,145

8. DataCoach.ca
Table Design: Where and how use formatters in your table?
• Percentage Format
• Number Format
6.56% 6.56% 4,860
81.8% 81.80% (3,298)
59% 58.67% 6,150
36.48% 36.48% 8,059
35.3% 35.31% 8,123
39.9% 39.93% (9,448)
23.39% 23.39% 2,408
47% 47.14% 3,828
86% 86.00% (1,561)
64.43% 64.43% 5,248
(8,563)
Percentage Column with same vs. different decimal
Places

9. DataCoach.ca
Table Design : What table columns you should sort by?
• Numbers and dates both have natural order that can be
sorted ascending or descending
• Other data, such as the name of things (e.g., products,
customers, and countries) use alphabetical order which is
useful for lookup but is not meaningful otherwise
• If items have a natural order that is meaningful , sort them
in that order

10. DataCoach.ca
Graph Design : What message graph can communicate?
• Graph can encode quantitative values in form of :Points, Lines, Bars, Boxes,
Shape with varying 2-D Area, Shape with color intensity
• Quantitative relationship in graph :Time Series, Ranking, Nominal
Comparison, Part-to-Whole, Deviation (single and Multiple), Correlation,
Geospatial

11. DataCoach.ca
Graph Design : What is time series and how graph can display it?
• Values display how something changed through the time(Yearly, monthly, etc.)
• X axis of the graph usually provides time interval scale
• Use lines when you have value for every interval of time
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
161,896 174,444 78,358 129,610 122,186 96,912 139,536 36,456 172,353 170,134 166,081 168,224
200000
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

12. DataCoach.ca
Graph Selection: What is a time series relationship and what
graphs can display it?
• Use points when you don`t have value for every interval of
time
Jan Apr May Jul Aug Oct Nov Dec
161,896 129,610 129,610 139,536 36,456 170,134 166,081 168,224
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Jan Apr May Jul Aug Oct Nov Dec

13. DataCoach.ca
Graph Selection : What is a ranking relationship and what
graphs can display it?
• Ranking display how quantitative values relate to one another sequentially ,sorted
by size from lowest to highest or vice versa
• One axis of graph display categories labels and the other display quantitative
values
• Bars are natural choice for display Ranking unless quantitative scale dose not
begin at zero, In this case Points are better choice
350
Order Management
300
Sales
250
200 Marketing
150
Manufacturing
100
50 Technology
0 Human Resource
Finance
Engineering
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

14. DataCoach.ca
Graph Selection : What is a part-to-whole relationship and
what graphs can display it?
• Display how individual values that make up whole of something (e.g. total
sales)
• Pie charts and stacked bars can display part-to-whole relationship
East West North South
6%
11%
80
East
44%
West
North
South 70
39%
20
10
1

15. DataCoach.ca
Graph Selection : What is a deviation relationship and what
graphs can display it?
• A deviation graph displays the degree to which one or more set of quantitative
values differ in relation to a primary set of values
• Bars (vertical and horizontal) can display deviation relationship
Actual Plan
Sales 89.57%
Sales 36.15 346.69
Marketing -7.21%
Marketing 298.22 278.17
Operations -32.54%
Operations 159.05 120.00
Engineering 36.68%
Engineering 214.89 339.36
Finance -43.27%
Finance 389.13 271.60
Head Count 2012
Head Count 2012 - Variance from plan
Actual Plan
100.00%
450.00 80.00%
400.00
60.00%
350.00
300.00 40.00%
250.00 20.00%
200.00 0.00%
150.00
-20.00%
100.00
50.00 -40.00%
0.00 -60.00%
Sales Marketing Operations Engineering Finance Sales Marketing Operations Engineering Finance

16. DataCoach.ca
Graph Selection : What is a correlation relationship and what
graphs can display it?
• Correlation graphs display the relationship between two
paired sets of quantitative to demonstrate whether or not
they are related, and, if so, the direction of the relationship
(is positive or negative)
100000
90000
80000
Salary in US $
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Height in inches

17. DataCoach.ca
Graph Selection : What is a geospatial display and how to
display it on a map?
• Geospatial displays feature the geographical location of values on a map
• Points of different size and color intensity can be used to capture values

18. DataCoach.ca
Graph Selection : What is a geospatial display and how to
display it on a map?
• Points of different size and color intensity can be used to capture values

19. DataCoach.ca
What is overall strategy?
• Should the message be presented in the form of a table or a graph?
• If a table, which kind of relationship should it display?
• Between single set of quantitative values and a single set of categorical subdivision
• Between single set of quantitative values and the intersection of multiple categories
• Between single set of quantitative values and the intersection of hierarchal
categories
• If a graph, which kind of relationship it display?
• Time Series
• Ranking
• Part-to-whole
• Deviation
• Correlation
• Geospatial
• If a graph, which object or combination of objects for encoding the
quantitative value work best?
• Points
• Lines
• Bars
• Boxes