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No correlation and low agreement of imaging and inflammatory atherosclerosis’ markers in familial hypercholesterolemia Lilton R.C. Martinez MD, Marcio H. Miname MD, Luiz A. Bortolotto MD, Ana P.M. Chacra MD, Carlos E. Rochitte MD, Andrei C. Sposito MD, Raul D. Santos MD,PhD. Lipid Clinic Heart Institute InCor-University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital Sao Paulo, Brazil Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Background ,[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Background ,[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Objective ,[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],.  Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Results ,[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014 0.001 3 (9.6 %) 80 (89.9 %) Family history of early  CHD 0.001 0 (0%) 26 (29.2 %) Xanthomas, n (%) 0.0003 0 (0%) 28 (31.5%) Previous statin use, n (%) 0.18 1 (3 %) 12 (13.5 %) Metabolic Syndrome, n (%) 0.002 3.2 ± 2.9 6.7 ± 5.7 FRS  (% 10 years) 0.54 76 ± 6 77 ± 9 DBP (mmHg) 0.14 117 ± 8 121 ± 14 SBP (mmHg) 0.18 1 (3.2 %) 12 (13.5 %) Hypertension, n (%) 0.22 3(9.6 %) 13(14.6 %) Smoking habit, n (%) 0.024 0.95 ± 0.05 0.92 ± 0.06 Waist/hip  0.1 91 ± 12 95 ± 10 Hip (cm) 0.8 87 ± 11 88 ± 12 Waist (cm) 0.14 24.7 ± 3.5 25.9 ± 4.9 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 1.0 24 (77.4 %) 68 (76.4 %) Caucasians n (%) 0.19 16 (51.6 %) 34 (38.2 %) Male, n (%) 0.85 40 ± 12 (19-69) 39 ± 14 (14-69) Age, years (ranges) P NL  (n=31)  FH  (n=89)
Results ,[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014 < 0.001 4,089 ± 1,673 10,736 ± 4,809 LYS (LDL-c x age) 0.046 6,452 ± 1,546 7,198 ± 2,083 White blood cells 10 3 /mm 3 0.39 1.3( 0.2-8) 1.7 (0.2-34) CRP (mg/l) median (range) < 0.001 11 (1-127) 39 (1-282) Lp(a) (mg/dl) median (range) < 0.001 0.5 ± 0.2 1.3 ± 0.5 Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I  < 0.001 0.8 ± 0.2 1.6 ± 0.5 Apolipoprotein B (g/l) 0.008 1.48 ± 0.2 1.33 ± 0.3 Apolipoprotein A-I (g/l) 0.14 88 ± 11 94 ± 29 Glucose (mg/dl) < 0.001 1.6 ± 1.1 2.9 ± 1.7 TG/HDL-cholesterol  < 0.001 83 ± 36 133 ± 58 TG (mg/dl) < 0.001 119 ± 29 309 ± 99 Non HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) < 0.001  2.0 ± 0.8 6.0 ±2.8 LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol < 0.001 102 ± 26 279 ± 97 LDL -cholesterol (mg/dl) 0.08 55 ± 13 50 ± 13 HDL - cholesterol (mg/dl) < 0.001 174 ± 27 359 ± 97 TC (mg/dl) P NL (n=31) FH (n=89)
Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Table 3: CAC, IMT and PWV in FH patients and NL subjects. Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014 0.026 0.02 0 (0-54)  4.5 ± 13 0 (0-798)  46 ± 140 CCS Agatston units  median (ranges) mean ± SD  0.87 6623 ± 796 6596 ± 772 Carotid diameter (μm) 0.99 460 ± 178 461 ± 194 Carotid distension (μm) 0.027 593 ± 111 653 ± 160 Carotid IMT (μm) 0.007 8.5 ± 1 9.2 ± 1.5 PWV (m/s) 0.041 1 (4%) 21 (23%) CCS ≥ 75 th  %  0.024 3 (12%) 30 (34%) CAC prevalence n (%) P NL (n=31) FH (n=89)
Table 4: Univariate determinants of CAC as continuous and dichotomous variable, IMT and PWV in FH patients  0.08 - - - - - Male gender CAC dichotomous  p= p = Log(CCS+1) r = p = PWV r = p = IMT r = Determinants  0.001 0.002 0.33 - - 0.0001 0.55 Carotid diameter (μm) 0.014 0.007 0.29 - - - - PWV  (m/s) - 0.02 0.26 0.0008 0.35 - - IMT  (μm) - - - 0.003 0.32 0.02 0.26 Log (CCS+1) - 0.04 0.23 - - Apolipoprotein A-I (g/l) 0.0036 0.008 0.28 0.02 0.26 - - Lp(a)  (mg/dl) - - - - 0.05 0.22 Apolipoprotein B (g/l) - - - - 0.01 0.28 CRP (mg/l) - - - 0.01 0.26 0.02 0.26 Glucose (mg/dl) 0.024 0.02 0.25 - - 0.03 0.24 TG / HDL- cholesterol  0.02 0.01 0.27 0.03 0.24 0.03 0.23 TG (mg/dl) - 0.04 0.22 - - - - LDL-cholesterol /HDL- cholesterol  0.044 0.02 0.25 - - - - LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) 0.02 0.25 - - - - Total cholesterol (mg/dl) <0.001 0.0001 0.51 0.0001 0.52 0.003 0.32 LYS <0.001 0.0001 0.48 0.0002 0.39 0.006 0.29 Civiera  (high risk) <0.001 0.0001 0.54 0.0001 0.44 0.0001 0.40 FRS  - - - - 0.005 0.31 PP  (mmHg) - - 0.01 0.27 0.009 0.28 DBP. (mmHg) - - 0.02 0.26 0.0003 0.39 SBP (mmHg) 0.04 - - - - - - Xanthoma 0.001 - - - - - - Metabolic Syndrome <0.001 0.0001 0.43 0.0001 0.62 0.002 0.33 Age (years)
Carotid IMT determinants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Aortic stiffness determinants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
CAC determinants Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CAC Intensity  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Table 5: Agreement degree of imaging and inflammatory markers severity in FH subjects Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014 With exception of moderate agreement between IMT and PWV severity (kappa = 0.517) all other markers of severity presented only a slight agreement (kappa < 0.1). 0.031 CRP > 3 (mg/l) PWV > 12 (m/s) 0.064 CRP > 3 (mg/l) IMT >  900 (μm) 0.517 PWV > 12 (m/s) IMT >  900 (μm) 0.16 CRP > 3 (mg/l) CCS > 75 th % 0.004 PWV > 12 (m/s) CCS > 75 th % 0.109 IMT > 900 (μm) CCS > 75 th % kappa
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
Conclusions (cont) ,[object Object],[object Object],Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014

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No correlation and low agreement of imaging and inflammatory atherosclerosis’ markers in familial hypercholesterolemia

  • 1. No correlation and low agreement of imaging and inflammatory atherosclerosis’ markers in familial hypercholesterolemia Lilton R.C. Martinez MD, Marcio H. Miname MD, Luiz A. Bortolotto MD, Ana P.M. Chacra MD, Carlos E. Rochitte MD, Andrei C. Sposito MD, Raul D. Santos MD,PhD. Lipid Clinic Heart Institute InCor-University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital Sao Paulo, Brazil Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014
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  • 14. Table 3: CAC, IMT and PWV in FH patients and NL subjects. Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014 0.026 0.02 0 (0-54) 4.5 ± 13 0 (0-798) 46 ± 140 CCS Agatston units median (ranges) mean ± SD 0.87 6623 ± 796 6596 ± 772 Carotid diameter (μm) 0.99 460 ± 178 461 ± 194 Carotid distension (μm) 0.027 593 ± 111 653 ± 160 Carotid IMT (μm) 0.007 8.5 ± 1 9.2 ± 1.5 PWV (m/s) 0.041 1 (4%) 21 (23%) CCS ≥ 75 th % 0.024 3 (12%) 30 (34%) CAC prevalence n (%) P NL (n=31) FH (n=89)
  • 15. Table 4: Univariate determinants of CAC as continuous and dichotomous variable, IMT and PWV in FH patients 0.08 - - - - - Male gender CAC dichotomous p= p = Log(CCS+1) r = p = PWV r = p = IMT r = Determinants 0.001 0.002 0.33 - - 0.0001 0.55 Carotid diameter (μm) 0.014 0.007 0.29 - - - - PWV (m/s) - 0.02 0.26 0.0008 0.35 - - IMT (μm) - - - 0.003 0.32 0.02 0.26 Log (CCS+1) - 0.04 0.23 - - Apolipoprotein A-I (g/l) 0.0036 0.008 0.28 0.02 0.26 - - Lp(a) (mg/dl) - - - - 0.05 0.22 Apolipoprotein B (g/l) - - - - 0.01 0.28 CRP (mg/l) - - - 0.01 0.26 0.02 0.26 Glucose (mg/dl) 0.024 0.02 0.25 - - 0.03 0.24 TG / HDL- cholesterol 0.02 0.01 0.27 0.03 0.24 0.03 0.23 TG (mg/dl) - 0.04 0.22 - - - - LDL-cholesterol /HDL- cholesterol 0.044 0.02 0.25 - - - - LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) 0.02 0.25 - - - - Total cholesterol (mg/dl) <0.001 0.0001 0.51 0.0001 0.52 0.003 0.32 LYS <0.001 0.0001 0.48 0.0002 0.39 0.006 0.29 Civiera (high risk) <0.001 0.0001 0.54 0.0001 0.44 0.0001 0.40 FRS - - - - 0.005 0.31 PP (mmHg) - - 0.01 0.27 0.009 0.28 DBP. (mmHg) - - 0.02 0.26 0.0003 0.39 SBP (mmHg) 0.04 - - - - - - Xanthoma 0.001 - - - - - - Metabolic Syndrome <0.001 0.0001 0.43 0.0001 0.62 0.002 0.33 Age (years)
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  • 20. Table 5: Agreement degree of imaging and inflammatory markers severity in FH subjects Martinez LRC et al . Atherosclerosis (2008), doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.014 With exception of moderate agreement between IMT and PWV severity (kappa = 0.517) all other markers of severity presented only a slight agreement (kappa < 0.1). 0.031 CRP > 3 (mg/l) PWV > 12 (m/s) 0.064 CRP > 3 (mg/l) IMT > 900 (μm) 0.517 PWV > 12 (m/s) IMT > 900 (μm) 0.16 CRP > 3 (mg/l) CCS > 75 th % 0.004 PWV > 12 (m/s) CCS > 75 th % 0.109 IMT > 900 (μm) CCS > 75 th % kappa
  • 21.
  • 22.