This is an exclusively illustrative presentation on Energy Problems.If you want to download contact to my email-shanidbakkar@gmail.com

1. The World
Energy Problem
&
Energy Auditing

2. Energy problems
The imbalance between demand and supply of
Energy. The demand of energy is more whereas
Supply is less.
Why this imbalance occurs.
 Increased population
 Shortage in Non-renewable energy sources.
 Increased industrial production
 Increase in No. Of Houses, Vehicles etc.
 Increased use of Home appliances

3. How to solve it ?
1. GLOBALLY
 Switch into renewable energy sources such
as wind, solar, biomass.
 Encourage the use of solar cookers, water
heaters, photo voltaic cells etc.
 Large scale use of CFL
 Implement efficient energy transmission
systems
 Rely upon public transportation.
 Use bio fuels(Ethanol)
 Implement proper Energy management
systems.
2.LOCALLY
 Insulate walls and ceilings.
 Whenever possible, walk.
 Turn off all electronic devices that are not in
use
 When shopping for new appliances invest in
Energy Star

4.  Careful use of large electric or gas appliances such as
stoves refrigerators, washing machines.
 Eat grain based diets carnivory(meat based)
 Join car pool (travel more than one person in car/sharing)

5. Energy Auditing
Energy auditing is necessary for Conserving energy .
In this process the quantum of energy available, the
number & type of users, the cost of energy and
duration of availability must be known. From such
data an comprehensive energy management system
can be developed &continuously monitored.

6. The Human Being is a System...
Warmth
Water Organic
Waste
Food

7. in closed loop with the world ...
Warmth
Water Organic
Waste
Food

8. Primitive Man ...

9. Modern Man ...
Inorganic
Waste

10. What is behind our inputs/outputs ?
?

11. Let’s have a look in our
world ...
and try to quantify what is
happening ...

12. Various powers associated
With various elements in
world.

13. 1W
W kW MW GW TW EW YW Power

14. 40-100 W
W kW MW GW TW EW YW Power

15. 70-300 W
W kW MW GW TW EW YW Power

16. 1-3 kW
W kW MW GW TW EW YW Power

17. 30-130 kW
W kW MW GW TW EW YW Power
Source: “Fuel Consumption Guide 2009”, ecoENERGY, Natural Resources Canada

18. 0.5-5 MW
W kW MW GW TW EW YW Power

19. 140 MW
W kW MW GW TW EW YW Power
Source: www.boeing.com, www.bp.com

20. 1.2 GW - Coal
1.3 GW - Nuclear
2 GW - Hydro
W kW MW GW TW EW YW Power

21. 22 GW - China
14 GW - Brazil
W kW MW GW TW EW YW Power
Source: www.industcards.com/ppworld.htm, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaipu, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam

22. 83 GW - USA 127 GW - USSR
W kW MW GW TW EW YW Power
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster , www.pw.utc.com , www.buran-energia.com

23. and we need also a unit
of volume/mass ...

24. Volume/Mass Unit: TI Europe (super tanker)
Cargo Capacity
! 500.000 m3
! 430.000 t

25. How many are we ?
10
9
! 9.2 billion
8
7
6.7 billion
6
5 5.0 billion
4
3
2 2.5 billion
1
1.25 billion
0
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
Source: “World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision”, UN 2009

26. How fast do we grow ?
10
9
! 47 million/year
8
7
6 79 million/year
5
88 million/year
4
3
2
38 million/year
1
8 million/year
0
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
Source: “World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision”, UN 2009

27. How much land for each
person ?(Density)
= ?

28. 1500 ...
550 m
3
Source: UN; US CENSUS

29. 1550 ...
520 m
Source: UN; US CENSUS

30. 1600 ...
490 m
Source: UN; US CENSUS

31. 1650 ...
470 m
Source: UN; US CENSUS

32. 1700 ...
450 m
Source: UN; US CENSUS

33. 1750 ...
430 m
Source: UN; US CENSUS

34. 1800 ...
390 m
Source: UN; US CENSUS

35. 1850 ...
340 m
Source: UN; US CENSUS

36. 1900 ...
300 m
Source: UN; US CENSUS

37. 1950 ...
240 m
Source: UN; US CENSUS

38. 2007 ...
147 m
Source: UN; US CENSUS

39. 2050 ...
! 125 m
Source: UN; US CENSUS

40. And for different countries ? (2007)
36 % World Pop. = ?
1300
million
1100
million
300
195 million
million 82
million 16.4
million
BR USA CN IN DE NL
Source: UN; US CENSUS

41. How much energy needs the
human body to live ?
! 1000 kcal/day
! 50 W
(2-3 years)
! 2000 kcal/day
! 100 W
! 2500 kcal/day
! 120 W
Source: FAO - Human Energy Requeriments 2001

42. And all human population ? (2007)
0.67 TW
100 W
8x

43. How much food is it ?

44. (2007)
Food 10 million t/day
1.5 kg/day
23 x / day
Source: FAO - FAOSTAT

45. But how much energy do we use ? (2007)
16 TW
(WEC)
2400 W
193 x
Source: BP - Statistical Review 2008; IEA - WEO 2006

46. How do we spend it ?

47. Transportation ...

48. Industry ...

49. At home ...

50. Food Production ...

51. Food Processing and Distribution ...

52. Potable Water Production...

53. Some Examples ...
boiling 1l water
0.1 kWh
0.1 1 10 100 1.000 10.000 Energy
(kWh)

54. Some Examples ...
Watching TV 2h
0.4 kWh
0.1 1 10 100 1.000 10.000 Energy
(kWh)

55. Some Examples ...
Cooking pasta 2 per. (20min)
0.5 kWh
0.1 1 10 100 1.000 10.000 Energy
(kWh)

56. Some Examples ...
1 wash @ 40 - 95ºC
0.6 - 1.7 kWh
0.1 1 10 100 1.000 10.000 Energy
(kWh)

57. Some Examples ...
1x
Daily average energy
intake
2.4 kWh
0.1 1 10 100 1.000 10.000 Energy
(kWh)
Source: FAO - Human Energy Requeriments 2001

58. Some Examples ...
1 Car driving 100km
(4l - 10l/100km)
40 - 100 kWh
0.1 1 10 100 1.000 10.000 Energy
(kWh)
Source: “Fuel Consumption Guide 2009”, ecoENERGY, Natural Resources Canada

59. Some Examples ...
Average Annual EU25
Household Electricity
Consumption
4260 kWh
0.1 1 10 100 1.000 10.000 Energy
(kWh)
Source: EUROSTAT 2006

60. Where does the energy (2007)
come from ?
6
33.0 %
13 %
5
26.5 %
5% 82 %
4
22.0 %
3
2 10.0 %
5.2 %
1
2.3 % 1.0 %
0 Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro Trad. Geothermal
Biomass Solar, Wind,
etc...
82% - Fossil fuels 5% - Nuclear 13 % - Renewable
Source: BP - Statistical Review 2008; IEA - WEO 2006

61. If we always consume energy
like this ?

62. Total Energy Consumption ...
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150
Source: Putnam, “Energy in the Future”, 1953; J. Laherrere, “Peak Oil and other Peaks”, CERN 2005; BP - Statistical Review 2008;

63. The History of Energy
Consumption in Pictures ...

64. 1875 ...
New York, USA
Source: www.flickr.com/photos/40045986@N00/3143509300

65. 1896 ...
New York, USA
Source: www.flickr.com/photos/40045986@N00/3143514970

66. 1913 ...
New York, USA
Source: www.shorpy.com/node/204

67. 1930 ...
New York, USA
Source: www.geocities.com/s_andrewes/chron3.html

68. Today ...
! 800 million cars in the World
Source: www.plunkettresearch.com/Industries/AutomobilesTrucks/AutomobileTrends/tabid/89/Default.aspx

69. 1887 ...
Source: www.flickr.com/photos/40045986@N00/3143525392;

70. Today ...

71. And how efficiently do we
use energy ?

72. Electricity production and
transportation use heavily
thermal engines ...
Waste
(heat)
Heat
15-50
%
Source: Hoffert et al., “Advanced Technology Paths to Global Climate Stability: Energy for a Greenhouse Planet”, Science, Vol. 298, Nov. 2002

73. Efficiency during Electricity production &
transmission
10.6TW
16TW
3.1TW
42%
91%
5.4TW
2.3TW 2.1TW
32%
Production Transmission

74. Food system efficiency ...
Non-Renewable
fuels
Energy In Energy
Out

75. 1kg of white bread ...
Non-Renewable
fuels
20.7 MJ 50% 10.4 MJ
Source: Leach, G., “Energy and Food Production”, 1976

76. 1kg of white bread ...
Stores - 3.7%
Baking - 64%
Milling - 13%
50% of Energy In
Agriculture - 20%
Energy In Energy Out
Source: Leach, G., “Energy and Food Production”, 1976

77. How much non-renewable fuels
do we use ?

78. (2007)
Oil 10.8 million t/day
1.6 kg/day
25 x / day
Source: BP - Statistical Review 2008

79. (2007)
Natural 5.8 million t/day
Gas
0.9 kg/day
27 x / day
Source: BP - Statistical Review 2008 (if liquid)

80. (2007)
Coal 17.7 million t/day
2.6 kg/day
41 x / day
Source: BP - Statistical Review 2008

81. (2007)
Uranium (U) 67000 t/year
10 g/year
1x / 6.4 year
Source: Energy Watch Group - Paper 01/2006

82. Try to imagine ... (2007)
23 x / day
93 x / day

83. In one word ... (2007)
1.6 kg/day
0.9 kg/day
1.5 kg/day
2.6 kg/day
10 g/year
100 W 2100 W 5.1 kg/day

84. And for different countries ?

85. Non-Renewable Fuels in kg/day ... (2007)
34 million t/day
5.1 kg/day
23.6
kg/day
15.4
11.6 kg/day
kg/day
6.4 kg/day
2.0 1.4
kg/day kg/day
BR USA CN IN DE NL
Source: BP - Statistical Review 2008

86. Non-Renewable Fuels in W ... (2007)
13.8 TW
2100 W
10.2 kW
7.4 kW
4.9 kW
1.8 kW
0.9 kW 0.4 kW
BR USA CN IN DE NL
Source: BP - Statistical Review 2008

87. What about our reserves of
non-renewable fuels ?
? ? ? ?

88. Official Proven Reserves at (2007)
constant production
131 year
80 year 76 year
60 year
43 year
+ + + = Total
Source: BP - Statistical Review 2008; Energy Watch Group - Paper 01/2006

89. Does we still have 76 years without worries?
40
35
30
25
20
15
?
10
5
0
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150

90. No ...
40
35
30
25
?
20
?
15
Oil
10 Gas
5 Coal
U
RE
0
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150

91. Maybe switch to coal ...
40
35
30
25
?
20
15
Oil
10 Gas
5 Coal
U
0 RE
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150

92. Maybe switch directly to new sources ...
40
35
30
25
20
15
Oil
10 Gas
5 Coal
U
RE
0
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150

93. But it takes time to switch ...
40
35
30
25
20
15
Oil
10 Gas
5 Coal
U
RE
0
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150

94. Demand will increase ...
40
= 3.4 kW ?
35
30
25
IEA-2006
20
15
Oil
10 Gas
5 Coal
U
RE
0
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150

95. This is the Energy Problem !