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Designing of removable
partial denture
Learning outcomes
1. List the differences between two
main types of RPD’s.
2. Explain the design sequence.
3. Describe step by step procedure
for designing RPD.
4. Explain the different color codes
for designing RPD.
Replace what is missing and
also preserve remaining tissues
 The objective of partial denture
designing can be thought of as
the control of denture
movement while not exceeding
the physiological tolerance of
the oral structures.
Differentiation Between Two Main
Types of Removable Partial
Dentures
Class I and II Class III
The
manner
in which
each is
supporte
d
Derive their
primary support
from tissues
underlying the
base and
secondary support
from the abutment
teeth
Derives all
of its
support
from the
abutment
teeth
Class I and II Class III
The
method of
impressio
n making
Dual
impression/
functional
impression
Anatomic
impression
Class I and
II
Class III
The need for
some kind of
indirect
retention
Needed
(because it
rotates about a
fulcrum)
Not needed
Class I
and II
Class III
The use of
a base
material
that can be
relined to
compensat
e for tissue
changes.
Acrylic-
resin is
generally
used as a
base
material for
distal
extension
bases.
Metal bases are
more frequently
used in tooth-
supported
restorations,
because relining
is not as likely to
be necessary.
Class I and II Class III
Requirement
s for direct
retention
a combination
clasp could be used
because it is a
combination of cast
and wrought
materials
incorporated into one
direct retainer, RPI,
RPA
Akers,
Embrasure,
Ring clasp
Design Sequence
 Path of insertion
 Rests
 Major connector
 Minor connectors
 Direct retainers
 Indirect retainers
Rests
Occlusal rests Premolars and
molars
Cingulum rests Maxillary canines
Incisal rests Mandibular canines
Interproximal
occlusal rests
On the dentulous
side
Extended occlusal
rests
Mesially tipped
molars
Kennedy Class III
Place rests adjacent to edentulous
space (both ends).
Exceptions:
Teeth incapable of providing adequate
support, poor crown/root ratio, or
uncorrectable periodontal disease.
If abutment tooth has improper
anatomy for the indicated rest.
Place rests adjacent to
edentulous space
Kennedy Class I & II
Mesial rest preferred
Distal rest preferred when:
abutment is rotated
plunger cusp/heavy centric contact on
mesial
large restoration on mesial
 If the rest is placed
on the distal of the
tooth adjacent to the
edentulous area,
when a posterior
force is applied the
tooth is tipped
towards the
edentulous area,
 which opens the
proximal contacts
between teeth
and moves the
tooth causing
mobility and bone
loss.
 When the rest is placed
mesially (away from the
edentulous area), the
force tends to move the
tooth towards the
adjacent tooth mesially.
 Thus the adjacent tooth
absorbs some of the
forces of occlusion.
Distal Extension-base RPD-Rest Position
Distal rest Mesial rest
 A tooth is better able to tolerate
vertically directed forces than
horizontal forces.
kratochalkboard1.2.wmv
 If the rest is placed on the distal side
of the abutment near the edentulous
area, the forces are not vertical but
almost horizontal in the region just
next to the abutment.
 As you move the rest anteriorly, the
forces are directed more favorably in
a more vertical direction in relation to
the edentulous area.
Major Connectors
 Assess tori, height of floor of
mouth, frenal attachments,
which may affect major
connector choice.
Mandibular Major Connectors
Lingual bar Whenever possible (8 mm space)
Linguoplate High frenum, floor of mouth less
than 8 mm, resorption of ridges
Want to stabilize teeth,
May need to add teeth to RPD
Want to avoid torus
Sublingual
bar
When the height of the floor of the
mouth in relation to the free
gingival margins will be less than
6 mm.
Mandibular Major Connectors
Lingual bar with
cingulum bar
(Kennedy Bar,
Double Lingual
Bar)
When wide diastema exists
between mandibular
anterior teeth
Cingulum bar
(continuous bar)
Excessive block-out of
interproximal undercuts
(crowding of teeth)
Labial bar Malpositioned or lingually
inclined teeth and Large
mandibular tori
1. Lingual bar
2. Sublingual bar
3. Cingulum bar (continuous bar)
4. Linguoplate
5. Lingual bar with cingulum bar
Maxillary Major Connectors
Single palatal
strap
Bilateral tooth-supported
prostheses
Combination
anterior and
posterior
palatal strap-
type connector
Class I and II arches,
Long edentulous spans in
Class II, modification 1
arches, Class IV arches,
Inoperable palatal tori
Palatal plate-
type connector
Some or all anterior
teeth remain
Maxillary Major Connectors
U-shaped
palatal
connector
When a large inoperable
palatal torus exists, and
occasionally when
several anterior teeth are
to be replaced
Single palatal
bar
-
Anterior–
posterior
palatal bars
-
U-shaped palatal connector
Lingual bar major connector should
be located at least 3-4 mm inferior
to gingival margins
3-4 mm
6 mm
Palatal major connector should be
located at least 6 mm away from
gingival margins.
Minor Connectors
 Connects components to the major
connector:
 Direct retainer
 Indirect retainer
 Denture base
 Should be rigid
 Should be located in an
embrasure
 Should taper towards the contact
area
Between one minor connector and
the other minor connector - 4 mm
4 mm
 Should form a right angle with the
major connector
90o
DIRECT RETAINERS
Occlusally
approaching /
Suprabulge /
Circumferential/
Akers
DIRECT RETAINERS
 Gingivally approaching / Infrabulge /
Bar-type / Vertical projection
• I bar
• Y bar
• T bar
• Modified
T bar
• Modified T bar
• T bar
I-BAR
Y-BAR
Direct Retainers
Cl III
 Clasp of Choice: Akers
 Embrasure clasp: on
dentulous side
 Ring clasp: on single molar or
tilted molar
 Use stress releasing retainers
 More load transferred to residual
ridge
RPI RPA
Combination
Clasp
Direct Retainers
Cl I & II
 Clasp of Choice: RPI
 If can’t use I-bar: RPA
 High frenal attachment, soft tissue undercut,
shallow vestibule
 If can’t use mesial rest: Combination Clasp
 Restoration, heavy occlusion, rotated tooth
RPI RPA
Combination
Clasp
Number of Direct Retainers
 4 - Greatest amount of retention
 (e.g. Cl. III, mod 1)
 3 - Less retentive, (Class II)
 2 - Absolute minimum (Class I)
Indirect Retainers
 For Class I & II only
 Position on the opposite site of fulcrum
line
 Perpendicular and far from fulcrum line
 Canine and premolar usually
 Rest at each end of lingual plate
 FORM OF INDIRECT RETAINER
 Auxiliary occlusal rest
 Cingulum rest
 Incisal rest
 Step by step procedure for
designing
Drawing the Design
 Absolute Accuracy
 Technician to place elements in
proper position & proportions
Drawing the Design
 Absolute Accuracy
 Single clear lines
 No guessing involved
Armamentarium for survey &
design
Color codes
 Brown – metallic component
 Blue – acrylic resin portion
 Red – rest seat, areas of the teeth
to be prepared, relieved or
contoured, tripod marks
 Black – survey lines, soft tissue
undercuts, wrought wire clasp, type
of tooth.
Red color- To denote action
Black color – To place survey lines
Brown color - For metal frame work
Blue color - For acrylic resin
 No single design philosophy
can be considered "correct"
over all others. Variations are
possible as long as diagnostic
information and good
mechanical principles form the
basis for the design.
26. designing of rpd

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26. designing of rpd

  • 1.
  • 3. Learning outcomes 1. List the differences between two main types of RPD’s. 2. Explain the design sequence. 3. Describe step by step procedure for designing RPD. 4. Explain the different color codes for designing RPD.
  • 4. Replace what is missing and also preserve remaining tissues
  • 5.  The objective of partial denture designing can be thought of as the control of denture movement while not exceeding the physiological tolerance of the oral structures.
  • 6. Differentiation Between Two Main Types of Removable Partial Dentures
  • 7. Class I and II Class III The manner in which each is supporte d Derive their primary support from tissues underlying the base and secondary support from the abutment teeth Derives all of its support from the abutment teeth
  • 8.
  • 9. Class I and II Class III The method of impressio n making Dual impression/ functional impression Anatomic impression
  • 10. Class I and II Class III The need for some kind of indirect retention Needed (because it rotates about a fulcrum) Not needed
  • 11. Class I and II Class III The use of a base material that can be relined to compensat e for tissue changes. Acrylic- resin is generally used as a base material for distal extension bases. Metal bases are more frequently used in tooth- supported restorations, because relining is not as likely to be necessary.
  • 12.
  • 13. Class I and II Class III Requirement s for direct retention a combination clasp could be used because it is a combination of cast and wrought materials incorporated into one direct retainer, RPI, RPA Akers, Embrasure, Ring clasp
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Design Sequence  Path of insertion  Rests  Major connector  Minor connectors  Direct retainers  Indirect retainers
  • 18. Rests Occlusal rests Premolars and molars Cingulum rests Maxillary canines Incisal rests Mandibular canines Interproximal occlusal rests On the dentulous side Extended occlusal rests Mesially tipped molars
  • 19. Kennedy Class III Place rests adjacent to edentulous space (both ends). Exceptions: Teeth incapable of providing adequate support, poor crown/root ratio, or uncorrectable periodontal disease. If abutment tooth has improper anatomy for the indicated rest.
  • 20. Place rests adjacent to edentulous space
  • 21. Kennedy Class I & II Mesial rest preferred Distal rest preferred when: abutment is rotated plunger cusp/heavy centric contact on mesial large restoration on mesial
  • 22.  If the rest is placed on the distal of the tooth adjacent to the edentulous area, when a posterior force is applied the tooth is tipped towards the edentulous area,
  • 23.  which opens the proximal contacts between teeth and moves the tooth causing mobility and bone loss.
  • 24.
  • 25.  When the rest is placed mesially (away from the edentulous area), the force tends to move the tooth towards the adjacent tooth mesially.  Thus the adjacent tooth absorbs some of the forces of occlusion.
  • 26. Distal Extension-base RPD-Rest Position Distal rest Mesial rest
  • 27.  A tooth is better able to tolerate vertically directed forces than horizontal forces.
  • 29.  If the rest is placed on the distal side of the abutment near the edentulous area, the forces are not vertical but almost horizontal in the region just next to the abutment.
  • 30.  As you move the rest anteriorly, the forces are directed more favorably in a more vertical direction in relation to the edentulous area.
  • 31. Major Connectors  Assess tori, height of floor of mouth, frenal attachments, which may affect major connector choice.
  • 32. Mandibular Major Connectors Lingual bar Whenever possible (8 mm space) Linguoplate High frenum, floor of mouth less than 8 mm, resorption of ridges Want to stabilize teeth, May need to add teeth to RPD Want to avoid torus Sublingual bar When the height of the floor of the mouth in relation to the free gingival margins will be less than 6 mm.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. Mandibular Major Connectors Lingual bar with cingulum bar (Kennedy Bar, Double Lingual Bar) When wide diastema exists between mandibular anterior teeth Cingulum bar (continuous bar) Excessive block-out of interproximal undercuts (crowding of teeth) Labial bar Malpositioned or lingually inclined teeth and Large mandibular tori
  • 36. 1. Lingual bar 2. Sublingual bar 3. Cingulum bar (continuous bar) 4. Linguoplate 5. Lingual bar with cingulum bar
  • 37. Maxillary Major Connectors Single palatal strap Bilateral tooth-supported prostheses Combination anterior and posterior palatal strap- type connector Class I and II arches, Long edentulous spans in Class II, modification 1 arches, Class IV arches, Inoperable palatal tori Palatal plate- type connector Some or all anterior teeth remain
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. Maxillary Major Connectors U-shaped palatal connector When a large inoperable palatal torus exists, and occasionally when several anterior teeth are to be replaced Single palatal bar - Anterior– posterior palatal bars -
  • 42. Lingual bar major connector should be located at least 3-4 mm inferior to gingival margins 3-4 mm
  • 43. 6 mm Palatal major connector should be located at least 6 mm away from gingival margins.
  • 44. Minor Connectors  Connects components to the major connector:  Direct retainer  Indirect retainer  Denture base
  • 45.  Should be rigid  Should be located in an embrasure  Should taper towards the contact area
  • 46. Between one minor connector and the other minor connector - 4 mm 4 mm
  • 47.  Should form a right angle with the major connector 90o
  • 49. DIRECT RETAINERS  Gingivally approaching / Infrabulge / Bar-type / Vertical projection • I bar • Y bar • T bar • Modified T bar
  • 50. • Modified T bar • T bar
  • 52.
  • 53. Direct Retainers Cl III  Clasp of Choice: Akers  Embrasure clasp: on dentulous side  Ring clasp: on single molar or tilted molar
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.  Use stress releasing retainers  More load transferred to residual ridge RPI RPA Combination Clasp Direct Retainers Cl I & II
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.  Clasp of Choice: RPI  If can’t use I-bar: RPA  High frenal attachment, soft tissue undercut, shallow vestibule  If can’t use mesial rest: Combination Clasp  Restoration, heavy occlusion, rotated tooth RPI RPA Combination Clasp
  • 61.
  • 62. Number of Direct Retainers  4 - Greatest amount of retention  (e.g. Cl. III, mod 1)  3 - Less retentive, (Class II)  2 - Absolute minimum (Class I)
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65. Indirect Retainers  For Class I & II only  Position on the opposite site of fulcrum line  Perpendicular and far from fulcrum line  Canine and premolar usually  Rest at each end of lingual plate
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68.  FORM OF INDIRECT RETAINER  Auxiliary occlusal rest  Cingulum rest  Incisal rest
  • 69.  Step by step procedure for designing
  • 70. Drawing the Design  Absolute Accuracy  Technician to place elements in proper position & proportions
  • 71. Drawing the Design  Absolute Accuracy  Single clear lines  No guessing involved
  • 73. Color codes  Brown – metallic component  Blue – acrylic resin portion  Red – rest seat, areas of the teeth to be prepared, relieved or contoured, tripod marks  Black – survey lines, soft tissue undercuts, wrought wire clasp, type of tooth.
  • 74. Red color- To denote action
  • 75. Black color – To place survey lines
  • 76. Brown color - For metal frame work
  • 77. Blue color - For acrylic resin
  • 78.  No single design philosophy can be considered "correct" over all others. Variations are possible as long as diagnostic information and good mechanical principles form the basis for the design.