MYSQL and SQL Language

1. SQL
USING MYSQL
By Shahriar Robbani

2. MySQL
• RDBMS
• Faster Than File System
• Easy to Query
• Download Exercise Files
– http://www.mediafire.com/download/aufy14p0g
mi3zvg/SQL.zip

3. Creating and Deleting Database
• Creating a DB
– CREATE DATABASE myDB
• Deleting a DB
– DROP DATABASE myDB

4. Creating Table
create table student(
id integer not null auto_increment primary key,
name varchar(255),
address varchar(255),
section varchar(255),
state char(2),
zip char(10)
);

5. Deleting Table
drop table student;

6. Importing sql
• Start mysql
– find mysql.exe in xampp folder
– Then type
• Mysql
• It starts
• See Databases
– show Databases;
• Importing
– mysql -u root -p < /home/shahriar/Desktop/world-mysql.
sql
• Skip password because no password is used for root

7. Using IDE
• Execute Query
– A cross platform IDE for SQL
– Need a JDBC driver to connect to Database
– Fast and auto suggestion will provide
• Download
– http://executequery.org/download

8. Configure Execute Query
• Start the MySQL server
• Open Execute Query
• Follow the next steps

9. Configure Execute
Query(Cont.)
Click on New Connection

10. Configure Execute
Query(Cont.)
• In Connection Name any name
• User Name is must be choose as like
the user name exist in the MySQL DB
• Password field will contain the
password for the specific user of the
username provided
• Host Name will be localhost because
the server is running on your own
computer
• Port is 3306 for MySQL database
• Data Source is the name of the
database from which you want to
manipulate data
• JDBC URL should like that
jdbc:mysql://[host_name]:[port_num
ber]/[name_of_the database]
• In this case our database is world so
the url is
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/world
• But now we need to select a JDBC
Driver
• To add new driver please click on
New Driver and follow next slides

11. Configure Execute
Query(Cont.)
• In the Driver Name just put
any name
• In Description Put some
description which is not a
must
• Now Database Drop Down
Select MySQL Database
• Now Click Add Library in this
step we add mysql drive which
is a jar file provided in the
execute query folder and the
go into lib folder.
• See the next slide

12. Configure Execute Query(Cont.)
Just Click Select You will Just Click save

13. Configure Execute Query(Cont.)
Click Find and select the
following the click ok Its Done!

14. Configure Execute Query(Cont.)
Click Connect

15. Configure Execute Query(Cont.)
You will see a text pane where you can write queries
and when you click run button you will see the output

16. Select Statement
• Entering into a db
– use <name of db>;
– Ex. use test;
• See tables
– show tables;
• Select the whole table
– SELECT * FROM <Table Name>;
– Ex. SELECT * FROM item;

17. Select Statement (Cont.)
• Simple from
• SELECT ‘Hello, World’;
– It doesn't querying a dB just show the values
• Show every thing of a table
– SELECT * FROM Country;
– * means all the columns
• Using functions with Select
– SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Country;

18. Select Statement (Cont.)
KEYWORD DESCRIPTION
SELECT Fundamental Statement For Queries
FROM Provides Table for Select Statement
COUNT() Function - COUNT()s values

19. Select Statement (Cont.)
• Show specific columns of a table
– SELECT Name, LifeExpectancy FROM Country;
• Showing specific columns of a table changing
there heading
– SELECT Name As Country, LifeExpectancy As ‘Life
Expectancy ’ FROM Country;
– ‘Life Expectancy ’ (Here ‘’ is needed because this
name include space. MySQL may thing that
Expectancy is another statement)

20. Select Statement (Cont.)
• Using where
– SELECT Name, Continent, Region FROM Country
WHERE Continent = 'Europe';
KEYWORD DESCRIPTION
SELECT Fundamental Statement For Queries
FROM Provides Table for Select Statement
WHERE Provides Filter Condition for SELECT

21. Select Statement (Cont.)
• Counting all the rows of a table
– SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Country;
• Counting all the rows of a specific column
– SELECT COUNT(IndepYear) FROM Country;
• Check IndepYear Column
– SELECT IndepYear FROM Country;
• Counting The Countries in Each continent
– SELECT Continent, count(Name) AS Countries
FROM Country GROUP BY Continent;

22. Select Statement (Cont.)
KEYWORD DESCRIPTION
SELECT Fundamental Statement For Queries
FROM Provides Table for Select Statement
WHERE Provides Filter Condition for SELECT
COUNT() Function - COUNT()s values
AS Alias Operator
GROUP BY Groups rows for aggregate Functions

23. DATABASES AND TABLES
• DATABASES: A collection of tables
• TABLES: A set of data, organized in rows and
columns
• Tables may have relationships to other tables

24. SQL SYNTEX
• Vendor specific
• SQL Quires consists of clauses an expressions

25. SQL SYNTEX(Cont.)

26. Inserting DATA
• Insert a record
INSERT INTO
customer
(name, address, city, state, zip )
VALUES
('Shahriar Robbani', 'Shantibag', 'DH', 'DH',
'1219');
• Show the customers
– SELECT * FROM customer;

27. Join Query
• A Complex Query
SELECT c.Name AS Country, c.Continent,
ct.Name AS Capital
FROM Country AS c
JOIN City AS ct
ON ct.ID = c.Capital
ORDER BY Country;

28. Join Query
• An Older way to JOIN
SELECT c.Name AS Country, c.Continent,
ct.Name AS Capital
FROM Country AS c, City AS ct
WHERE ct.ID = c.Capital
ORDER BY Country;

29. Filtering data with WHERE
• A simple example
SELECT CountryCode, Name, Population
FROM City
WHERE CountryCode = 'GBR';
• Another example
SELECT CountryCode, Name, Population
FROM City
WHERE Population >= 5000000;

30. Filtering data with LIKE
• Another
SELECT CountryCode, Name, Population
FROM City
WHERE Name LIKE 'Z%';
• It Can Be Like that
SELECT CountryCode, Name, Population
FROM City
WHERE Name LIKE '%Z';

31. Filtering data with IN
• It also Can Be Like that
SELECT CountryCode, Name, Population
FROM City
WHERE Name LIKE '%Z%';
• A query that Compares a list
SELECT CountryCode, Name, Population
FROM City
WHERE CountryCode IN ( 'USA', 'CAN', 'MAX'
);

32. Filtering data with IN
• Adding more specification
SELECT CountryCode, Name, Population
FROM City
WHERE CountryCode IN ( 'USA', 'CAN',
'MAX' )
AND Population >= 5000000;

33. Removing duplicates with DISTINCT
• See this first
SELECT GovernmentForm, HeadOfState FROM
Country WHERE HeadOfState LIKE 'Elis%‘;
• Showin result without duplicates
SELECT DISTINCT GovernmentForm, HeadOfState
FROM Country WHERE HeadOfState LIKE 'Elis%';
• Showing all results
SELECT ALL GovernmentForm, HeadOfState FROM
Country WHERE HeadOfState LIKE 'Elis%'

34. Some KEYWORDs
KEYWORD DESCRIPTION
SELECT Fundamental Statement For Queries
FROM Provides Table for Select Statement
WHERE Provides Filter Condition for SELECT
LIKE Wildcard string operator for where clause
DISTINCT
Used with SELECT to remove duplications
from query
ALL
Default behavior, show all duplicates.
Using ALL has no significances.

35. Sorting with ORDER BY
• See that
SELECT Name, District
FROM City
WHERE CountryCode = 'USA';
• Sort the result
SELECT Name, District
FROM City
WHERE CountryCode = 'USA'
ORDER BY Name;

36. Sorting with ORDER BY
• Multi level sorting
SELECT Name, District
FROM City
WHERE CountryCode = 'USA'
ORDER BY District, Name;

37. Updating Data
• See this
SELECT * FROM track WHERE id = 16;
• Removing the extra character by updating
data
UPDATE track SET title = ‘Blue Suede Shoes’
WHERE id = 16;

38. Deleting Data
• See this
SELECT * FROM track WHERE id = 70;
• Delete the row
DELETE FROM track WHERE id = 70;

39. Creating relationships between tables

40. Creating relationships between tables

41. Joins
• See that
SELECT SUM(quantity) As Quantity, i.name AS Item
FROM sale AS s
JOIN item AS i ON s.item_id = i.id
GROUP BY i.id;
• Right Join
SELECT SUM(quantity) As Quantity, i.name AS Item
FROM sale AS s
RIGHT JOIN item AS i ON s.item_id = i.id
GROUP BY i.id;

42. Joins
• Grouping it
SELECT SUM(quantity) As Quantity, i.name AS
Item
FROM sale AS s
RIGHT JOIN item AS i ON s.item_id = i.id
GROUP BY i.id
ORDER BY Quantity;

43. Joins
• How many sell to customers and what price?
SELECT s.date, c.name AS Customer, i.name AS
Item, s.quantity, s.price
FROM sale AS s
JOIN item AS i ON s.item_id = i.id
JOIN customer AS c ON s.customer_id = c.id
ORDER BY s.date;

44. Index

45. Index
• Customer Table primery key
CREATE TABLE customer (
id INTEGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT
PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(255),
address VARCHAR(255),
city VARCHAR(255),
state CHAR(2),
zip CHAR(10)
);

46. Index
• Customer Table with additional index
CREATE TABLE customer (
id INTEGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY
KEY,
name VARCHAR(255),
address VARCHAR(255),
city VARCHAR(255),
state CHAR(2),
zip CHAR(10),
INDEX(name),
INDEX(zip)
);

47. About the string functions
• Simple String
SELECT 'Hellow, World' AS String;
• Another example
SELECT 'helo''s' AS String;
• Concatenating Strings By Function (platform
dependent)
SELECT CONCAT('Hello,','World;') AS String;

48. Finding the length of a string
• See it
SELECT LENGTH('What is your name?') AS
Length;
• Another Example
SELECT title, LENGTH(title) AS 'Length of title'
FROM album;

49. Substring
• Example 1:
SELECT SUBSTR('Hello, World',1,5) AS String;
• Example 2:
SELECT RIGHT('Hello, World',5) AS String;
• Example 3:
SELECT LEFT('Hello, World',5) AS String;

50. Some Keyword

51. Trim Function
• See that
SELECT ' four spaces from both side ' AS
String;
• Delete all the spaces
SELECT TRIM(' four spaces from both side ')
AS String;

52. Making strings UPPERCASE and
lowercase
• See that
SELECT title FROM album;
• Now make all of them uppercase
SELECT UPPER(title) AS Title FROM album;
• Now make all of them lowercase
SELECT LOWER(title) AS Title FROM album;

53. Some Keys

54. When to use numeric functions
• See that
SELECT ABS(-12) AS Absolute;
• Also works with string
SELECT ABS('-12') AS Absolute;
• Undefined Result
SELECT ABS('-x12') AS Absolute;

55. Rounding numbers
• Round
SELECT ROUND(5.48,1) AS Rounded_Nimber;
• A Practical Example
SELECT Region, AVG(LifeExpectancy) AS AvgLE,
ROUND(AVG(LifeExpectancy),0) AS RndLE
FROM Country
WHERE LifeExpectancy
GROUP BY Region
ORDER BY AvgLE;

56. Integer Divisions and reminders
• Showing album title, track title and duration(number of
seconds)
SELECT a.title AS Album, t.title AS Track, t.duration AS
Duration
FROM album AS a
JOIN track AS t ON t.album_id = a.id;
• Seconds to time
SELECT a.title AS Album, t.title AS Track,
SEC_TO_TIME(t.duration) AS Duration
FROM album AS a
JOIN track AS t ON t.album_id = a.id;

57. Integer Divisions and reminders
• Making a custom function
SELECT a.title AS Album, t.title AS Track,
CONCAT(
t.duration DIV 60,
':',
LPAD ( t.duration MOD 60,2,'0' )
) AS Duration
FROM album AS a
JOIN track AS t ON t.album_id = a.id;
• Some terms
– DIV – integer division
– / -
– MOD returns the remainder
– LPAD is used for padding characters

58. Keywords

59. Dates and times

60. Dates and times
• See Date
SELECT CURDATE() AS Date;
• See Time
SELECT CURTIME() AS Date;
• See Time and Date by NOW()
SELECT NOW() AS Date;
• Adding Dates
SELECT NOW() AS Now, DATE_ADD( NOW(),
INTERVAL 2 WEEK ) AS Later;

61. Dates and times
• Subtract Dates
SELECT NOW() AS Now, DATE_SUB( NOW(),
INTERVAL 2 WEEK ) AS Earlier;

62. How aggregates work
• See
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Country;
• Gives You the number of all rows
SELECT COUNT(*) AS Count
FROM Country;
• Gives You the number of all rows in each group of
region
SELECT Region, COUNT(*) AS Count
FROM Country
GROUP BY Region
ORDER BY Count, Region;

63. Exercise
Region Count
Micronesia/Caribbean 1
British Islands 2
Baltic Countries 3
Antarctica 5
Australia and New Zealand 5
Melanesia 5
North America 5
Southern Africa 5
Micronesia 7
Nordic Countries 7
Northern Africa 7
Central America 8
Eastern Asia 8
Central Africa 9
Western Europe 9
Eastern Europe 10
Polynesia 10
Southeast Asia 11
South America 14
Southern and Central Asia 14
Southern Europe 15
Western Africa 17
Middle East 18
Eastern Africa 20
Caribbean 24

64. How aggregates work (Exercise)

65. How aggregates work (Solution)
• ANS
SELECT al.title AS Album,
COUNT(tr.track_number) Number_of_Tracks
FROM album AS al
JOIN track AS tr ON al.id = tr.album_id
GROUP BY al.title
ORDER BY Number_of_Tracks, Album;

66. HAVING
• Using Having
SELECT al.title AS Album,
COUNT(tr.track_number) Number_of_Tracks
FROM album AS al
JOIN track AS tr ON al.id = tr.album_id
GROUP BY al.title
HAVING Number_of_Tracks >= 10
ORDER BY Number_of_Tracks, Album;

67. How aggregates work
• Aggregates works in group rows rather than
individual rows

68. Removing duplicates with DISTINCT
• Count the Headofstate
SELECT COUNT(HeadOfState) AS 'Number of
HeadOfState' FROM Country;
• Ignoring Duplicates
SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT HeadOfState ) AS
'Number of HeadOfState' FROM Country;

69. Key Words

70. Useful Aggregate Functions
• Sum all the values
SELECT SUM(duration) FROM track;
• Second to time
SELECT SEC_TO_TIME(SUM(duration)) FROM
track;

71. Exercise

72. Solution
SELECT a.title Album, SUM(t.duration) AS Duration
FROM album AS a
JOIN track AS t ON t.album_id = a.id
GROUP BY Album;
Showing in hr min sec
SELECT a.title Album,
SEC_TO_TIME(SUM(t.duration)) AS Duration
FROM album AS a
JOIN track AS t ON t.album_id = a.id
GROUP BY Album;

73. AVG
• Making average
SELECT a.title Album,
SEC_TO_TIME(AVG(t.duration)) AS Duration
FROM album AS a
JOIN track AS t ON t.album_id = a.id
GROUP BY Album;

74. MIN
• Showing Minimum
SELECT a.title Album,
SEC_TO_TIME(MIN(t.duration)) AS Duration
FROM album AS a
JOIN track AS t ON t.album_id = a.id
GROUP BY Album;

75. MAX
• Showing Minimum
SELECT a.title Album,
SEC_TO_TIME(MAX(t.duration)) AS Duration
FROM album AS a
JOIN track AS t ON t.album_id = a.id
GROUP BY Album

76. Exercise

77. Solution
SELECT c.Name AS Country, cl.Language FROM
Country AS c
JOIN CountryLanguage AS cl ON
cl.CountryCode = c.Code
ORDER BY Country;

78. Keys

79. Functions
• Calculating
SELECT 320 / 60;
• Calculating (Only Integer part)
SELECT 320 DIV 60;
• Calculating (Only Decimal Part)
SELECT 320 MOD 60;

80. Another Example
• Numeric Functions
SELECT CONCAT_WS(':', duration DIV 60,
LPAD(duration MOD 60, 2, '0') ) FROM track;
• Converting Decimal to Hex
SELECT CONV( 125, 10, 16);
• Converting Binary to Decimal
SELECT CONV( 1011110, 2, 10);

81. CRC32
• Finding CRC32
SELECT CRC32('Hello, World');
• Covert it to Hex
SELECT HEX(CRC32('Hello, World'));
• Making crc32 of all the header
SELECT title, HEX(CRC32(title)) FROM track;

82. Other Functions
• Trigonometric Functions
SELECT PI();
SELECT DEGREES(PI());
SELECT RADIANS(180);
SELECT FORMAT(1000000000,2);
SELECT POW(16,2);
SELECT RAND();
SELECT RAND(5);
SELECT Name, Region FROM Country ORDER BY
RAND() LIMIT 10;

83. Date and Time
1. SELECT NOW(), UTC_TIMESTAMP();
2. SELECT NOW(), UTC_TIMESTAMP(),NOW()-
UTC_TIMESTAMP();
3. SELECT NOW(), UTC_TIMESTAMP(),
TIME(NOW()-UTC_TIMESTAMP());
4. SELECT DATEDIFF(NOW(), '2014,9,19');
5. SELECT DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%W, %D,
%M, %Y');

84. Contacting Group Values
1. SELECT Region, GROUP_CONCAT(Name)
FROM Country GROUP BY Region;
2. SELECT Region, GROUP_CONCAT(Name
ORDER BY Name) FROM Country GROUP BY
Region;
3. SELECT Region, GROUP_CONCAT(Name
ORDER BY Name SEPARATOR ' / ') FROM
Country GROUP BY Region;

85. Natural Search
CREATE TABLE test.airticles (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
body TEXT NOT NULL,
FULLTEXT(title,body)
);
INSERT INTO airticles (title, body) VALUES ('MYSQL','A
database management');
INSERT INTO airticles (title, body) VALUES ('HSQL','A portable
java database management');
INSERT INTO airticles (title, body) VALUES ('DerbySQL','A
portable java database management attacthed with jdk');