2. Plane Mirror
flat, smooth surface that
reflects light in a regular
way;
it produces an image that
is virtual, erect, and the
same size as the object;
left and right appear to
be interchanged, but
front and back are
interchanged
3. Types of Images
Real image - source of converging light rays; can
be projected; are always inverted
Virtual image - source of diverging light rays;
cannot be projected; are always erect
4. Concave Mirror
reflects light off its inner surface
Focal point - (f) point on the principle axis where
reflecting light converges;
f equals one-half the radius of curvature (C)
5. Spherical Aberration
defect of all spherical mirrors when the parallel rays
don’t all reflect through the focal point;
correct this by using a parabolic mirror
10. Mirror Equation
1 = 1 + 1 or di = f x do
f do di do – f
f is the focal length
do is the object distance
di is the image distance
magnification - the ratio of the image size (hi) to the
object size (ho)
m = hi = - di
ho do
11. Mirror Equation Rules
di is positive for real images, negative for virtual
images
hi is positive for erect images, negative for
inverted images
f is positive for concave mirrors, negative for
convex mirrors
12. Convex mirror
reflects light off the
outer surface
images are always virtual,
erect, and smaller
these are used as safety
mirrors because you get a
wider angle of vision
13. Lens
transparent material with a refractive index
larger than air
The focal length of the lens depends on the
shape and refractive index of the material
14. Convex Lens
Convex lens - (converging lens) thicker in the
middle than at the edges; acts like a concave
mirror.
Chromatic aberration - caused when light passes
thru the edge of a lens; the light is dispersed;
correct using an achromatic lens
19. Concave lens
(diverging lens) thinner
in the middle than at the
edges
acts like a convex
mirror.
Always produces virtual,
erect, and smaller image
20. Lens Equation Rules
The equation and rules stay the same except f is
positive for convex lens and negative for
concave lens