shortly described the copyright, open source movement and creative common license.

1. Muhammad Shafeek
Mass Communication

2.  "Copyright" is a protection that covers published and
unpublished literary, scientific, and artistic works,
whatever the form of expression, provided such works
are fixed in a tangible or material form.
 This means that if you can see it, hear it, and/or touch
it-- it is protected.

3.  Cyberspace is the electronic medium of computer
networks, in which online communication takes place.

4.  musical score
 dance
 books
 poetry
 web page
 photographs
 course materials
 computer programs (multimedia, etc)
 videos, audio, (your own voice)
 artwork
 your face

5.  Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations
of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic
works, and symbols, names, images, and
designs used in commerce.

6. a copyright owner the exclusive right to control
copying of a writing (or recording or picture
or electronic transcription).

7. Consider the following situations:
 You buy a piece of software and e-mail it to five
friends.
 You download an article from a newspaper's Web page
and post in on an electronic bulletin board.
 You take a post from one news group and forward it to
another news group.

8.  You respond to someone's discussion list
post, and quote part of his post in yours.
Each of these examples implicates
copyright law. In each of them there's at least
a possibility that you'd be violating the law.

9.  a copyright is created by law the moment the
work (a book, picture, song, etc.) takes
tangible form.
 Add the copyright symbol to anything you
create.
 The symbol © implies copyright.

11.  Everything on the Internet is copyrighted
World Wide Web pages
Courses
Electronic mail and newsgroups
 The same copyright laws apply to electronic
materials as to print materials

12.  Creative Commons licenses provide a standard way for
content creators to grant someone else permission to use
their work. YouTube allows users to mark their videos with
a Creative Commons CC BY license [attribution - reuse
allowed]. These videos are then accessible to YouTube
users for use in their own videos via the YouTube Video
Editor. Attribution is automatic under the CC BY license,
meaning that any video you create using Creative
Commons content will automatically show the source
videos' titles underneath the video player. You retain your
copyright and other users get to reuse your work subject to
the terms of the license.

13.  A movement characterized by a body such as the Open
Software Foundation which believes that, as a
minimum, the code of software systems should be
available to all so that individuals can alter a system or
provide add-on software or support software for it.
 The members of this movement advocate the removing
of copyright and patent laws from software so that
products become a free commodity

14.  A fair use is any copying of copyrighted material done
for a limited and “transformative” purpose, such as to
comment upon, criticize, or parody a copyrighted work.
Such uses can be done without permission from the
copyright owner. In other words, fair use is a defense
against a claim of copyright infringement. If your use
qualifies as a fair use, then it would not be considered
an illegal infringement.

15.  Copyright protection rules are fairly similar
worldwide, due to several international copyright
treaties, the most important of which is the Berne
Convention. Under this treaty, all member countries
-- and there are more than 100, including virtually all
industrialized nations -- must afford copyright
protection to authors who are nationals of any
member country. This protection must last for at least
the life of the author plus 50 years, and must be
automatic without the need for the author to take any
legal steps to preserve the copyright.

16.  The Copyright Act, 1957 provides copyright
protection in India.

17.  The doctrine of fair use. This allows others to
use portions of copyrighted works for
purposes such as reviews, commentary, news
and scholarship.
 Items which are not copyrightable, such as
titles, names, common facts and ideas, are
not protected.
 Some works are in the public domain and
may be used by anyone. This includes works
with expired copyrights.

18.  Wikipedia
 www.answers.com
 www.copyright.in/CopyrightOffice
 www.cyberspacelaw.org