2. Keyframing
Do this, do that…
In order to items to
change over time, you
need to set down
reference points
(keyframes) to tell the
item what to do at a
given point in time
3. Keyframing
Start here, end here
Once you have two or
more
keyframes, Lightwave
will figure out how to
change the item from
its starting point to its
end point
Called tweaning or
tweens
4. Keyframing
Good/bad keyframing
Usually the fewer the
keyframes, the
smoother the effect
Don’t try to overthink
the action – let
Lightwave get you
where you want to go
Too many keyframes
can cause jittery action
5. Keyframing
Everybody has one
Everything in your
scene must have at
least one keyframe
Some things don’t
need to change so they
only have a keyframe
on the very first frame
(0)
6. Keyframing
Frames and Time
Depends what you are
doing
NTSC = 30 fps
PAL = 25 fps
Film = 24 fps
Stills = single frame
We operate at 30 fps
Think in frames
300 = 10 seconds
7. Let’s Get Started
Start up Lightwave
3D
Clear the scene if
you need to
Select Load Object
(+)
In the Landscape
folder, select
Canyon.lwo
8. Let’s Get Started
Select Load Object
(+) again
In the Vehicles folder
select
MonsterTruck.lwo
This object lost a
surface image, so we
have to fix…
9. Let’s Get Started
Several surface
images got ‘lost’ and
have to be
reconnected.
Click Yes, then select
FractalReflections.tga
Repeat this process a
couple more times
until all the surfaces
load and you can see
10. Let’s Get Started
Let’s fix the Truck
While the
MonsterTruck is still
selected choose:
File > Save > Save
Current Object
Choose Replace
That should fix the
problem
11. Scaling Things in
Porportion
That canyon is
mighty small!
Select the Top view
(2)
Zoom out so there’s
lots of room
Select the Canyon
as the current object
12. Scaling Things in
Porportion
Select the Modify tab
Under Transform,
select Stretch
We want to change the
width and depth, but
not the height (at least
for now)
In the Numerics
section change the X
and Z axis to 35
13. Keyframing
See the big picture
The best way to create
a motion is to set the
starting point and end
point first
Then tweak parameters
in-between these two
points to what you
need
This help set a
consistent pace
14. Set One Keyframe
Choose Camera view
(6)
Truck looks like it’s
stuck in the mud
In the Modify tab
select Translate and
Move
Drag the Green arrow
and drag the truck up
so it sits on the
15. Set a Start and End Point
Make sure the
MonsterTruck is
selected
Choose the top view
Zoom out so you can
see the whole canyon
You can see that some
parts of the canyon are
above the grid while
other parts are below
16. Set a Start and End Point
While at frame 0,
move the truck to the
upper left corner
In the Timeline,
change the last frame
to 300 frames
Drag the slider to
frame 300 and move
the truck to the lower
right corner
17. Making a Keyframe
What do you want to
do?
Make a keyframe for
what?
Selected item
All items
Selected item and
any other items it
controls
18. Making a Keyframe
What should get a
keyframe
You decide if its
position, rotation
and/or scale gets
locked down or not
If the item should not
get a keyframe for the
selected frame, just
turn that parameter off
19. Set a Start and End Point
Click on Create Frame
or press Return
Make sure Create Key
At is set to 300
For: Selected item
(your truck)
Position, rotation,
scale are on (blue)
Press OK
20. Action Without
Keyframes
Target
Causes the camera to
always see an item in the
middle of its frame of view
If the item moves, the
camera pans or tilts to
keep that item in view
Camera will not MOVE
unless you set keyframes
for its location
Targeting and moving
the camera can make
very interesting
animations
21. Have the Camera Keep
an Eye on the Truck
Select the Camera
as the current item
Press M to bring up
Motion Options
In the Target Item
pop-up menu, select
Monster truck
NOT Parent
22. Have the Camera Keep
an Eye on the Truck
Switch to Camera
view and scrub
through your
animation
Now the camera
follows the truck from
beginning to end
Truck faces the
wrong way – that’s
OK for now
23. Action Without
Keyframes
Aligning to Path
Once you set up a motion
path for an item, it can
automatically follow in the
direction of that path
Left and right
Up and down
24. Action Without
Keyframes
Make sure the truck
is the current item
Press M to select
motion options
Select the
Controllers and
Limits tab
25. Action Without
Keyframes
We need the
rotation of the truck
to follow the path
Select the Rotation
tab
Under Heading &
Pitch, set the
Heading Controller
to ‘Align to Path’
26. Action Without
Keyframes
In Camera view
scrub through your
animation
Your truck should
now follow the path
from beginning to
end
That was easy!
Lighting is not so
great though…
27. Action Without
Keyframes
Parenting
An item that mimics
what another item
does
What one airplane
does, all the other
airplanes do
The controlling item is
called a parent
The controlled items
are called descendants
28. Action Without
Keyframes
Give the truck a little
light
Switch back to the top
view & zoom in a little
Drag the slider to
frame 0
With the Modify tab,
move the light so it is
in front and to the
right of the truck
29. Action Without
Keyframes
While the light is
still selected, press
M to bring up the
Motion options
In the Parent Item
pop-up menu
choose
MonsterTruck
30. Action Without
Keyframes
While still in the top
view scrub though
your timeline and
notice how the light
now follows the
truck along its
animation
31. Finessing Motion
Adding keyframes in-
between the start and
finish
Now that the pacing is
set, you can adjust the
item in-between start and
end points without
causing the motion to
jitter
Still remember though
– the fewer
keyframes, the better
32. Add Some Character
to the Truck Motion
Select the top view (2)
Select the truck as the
current item
Move the slider to
frame 75
With the Modify
tab, select Move
33. Add Some Character
to the Truck Motion
Using the arrows, drag
the truck down and to
the left to the top of the
hill on the left side of
the canyon
Make a keyframe for
the truck at frame 75
34. Add Some Character
to the Truck Motion
Move the slider to 185
Using the arrows, drag
the truck to the right so
its on top of the hill on
the right of the canyon
Make another keyframe
for the truck at frame
185
35. Animate the Camera
Switch to the top view
(2)
Make sure the slider is
at frame 0
Move the camera so
it’s in the middle of the
canyon, but in front of
the truck
36. Animate the Camera
Give the camera a
better view
While still at frame 0, in
the numerics window,
change the Y value to 6
meters
Switch to the camera
view to see your new
look at the truck
37. Animate the Camera
Switch back to the top
view
Move the slider to frame
300
Move the camera so its
further down the canyon,
but behind the truck
Make a new keyframe for
the camera at frame 300
38. Add Some Character
to the Canyon
Select the back view (1)
Move the slider to frame
0
Select the Canyon as the
current item
With the Modify
tab, select the Stretch
tool
In the numerics
box, change the Y value
39. Aligning to Motion
Not just left and
right, but up and
down
Like the
Mustang, when an item
along the motion path
goes up or down, it
can also point in that
direction with the
‘Align to path’ feature
40. Unbury the Truck
Getting things in place
Using different views we
can get the truck out of
the canyon
Make sure the truck is
the selected item
Using the transport
controls, click to the
next keyframe (frame
75)
41. Unbury the Truck
Select the back view
With the move tool, drag
the green arrow to pull
the truck up out of the
hill
Toggle different views to
get the height correct
Update the keyframe by
pressing Enter, Enter
42. Un-levitate the Truck
Oh, oh – the truck is
following the smoothest
path from the start to the
top of the hill, but the hill
hasn’t started yet
Move the slider to frame
36
Move around in
perspective view so you
have a good look at the
truck above the ground
43. Un-levitate the Truck
Drag the green arrow
to set the truck back on
the ground
Create a new keyframe
at frame 36
Scrub though the
motion to see the truck
now climb the hill
44. Un-levitate the Truck
Switch to the back view
and zoom in
Drag the slider to frame
144
Drag the green arrow and
move the truck back
down to the ground
Make a new keyframe for
the truck at frame 144
45. Un-levitate the Truck
Select the camera view
and scrub though your
scene
If the truck is levitating
or buried, try modifying
existing keyframes
Can also try creating new
keyframes, just make sure
they are not too close to
each other
If the motion gets jerky, you
need to delete a keyframe
to smooth out the motion
46. Save Your Scene
Save your scene to the
My Scenes folder in the
Lightwave content
folder
Save another copy to
the desktop
Email the .lws file to
me as an attachment.