1. African Americans
Kayla Kellogg
Sarah Montoya
Cassandra Quinton- McGruder

2. Geographical Concentration In
the United States
 African Americans are the national’s largest ethnic minority
group, most live in the metropolitan areas, suburban
population is growing.
 2010 Census:
 Population declined in DC
 308.7 million U.S population
 Total US population grew by 9.7% Black population grew by
12%
 The south showed greatest population of Blacks 55% North
East 17.1% Midwest 18.1% West 9.8%
 In Colorado 5%

4. History of this group in the educational system
of the US including specific challenges:
 Education as a Slave:
 Some Christian missionaries believed that education could
save them, if they learned how to read they would read the
bible
 Most slave-owners thought it was a waste of time to teach
them because ―slaves lacked the ability to absorb formal
education‖
 Slaves thirsted for an education, that was freedom to them
 Bray School in Williamshurg Virginia and Elas Neau’s School
in NY were permitted to teach slave children to read and
write
 A slave named Newport Gardner allowed to take music
lessons opened and owned a music school in Rhode Island
for both slaves and non-slaves

5. History of this group in the educational system
of the US including specific challenges: Cont.
 Education as a Slave cont.
 Most colonist felt like slaves didn’t need the formal education afraid that they
would spread messages and convince one another to rebel against their
owners
 Some believed made slaves more valuable if they were taught
 Most learned how to read and write in secret and some owner’s children
taught the slaves
 Children helped the adults with chores and learned sewing, weaving,
cooking, and hunting skills that helped prepared children for their adulthood
 Children learned how to behave to avoid punishment
 Learned many things through stories and folktales that taught values and
morals
 North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia banned anyone from teaching
an AA to read or write whether they were free or not

6. Blair Education bill 1880: (Still
under education as a slave)
 Intended to distribute federal funds equally for the
instruction of AA and white children
 Suggested a 10 year commitment of federal money.
Starting with 15 million oin the first year and
decreasing by 1 million each successive year.
 Never preached the floor of House of Representation

7. Education during Civil Rights
 1954:
 Brown vs. Board of Education where ―separate but
equal‖ was declared unconstitutional. There were a lot
of other cases that went into this case as well.
 Violent white mobs in Delaware caused closure of the
entire public school system for 10 days. West Virginia,
Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana, and Ohio also had school
closures.
 Mississippi voters endorsed
constitutional amendment
to abolish public schools.

8.  1955
 The Supreme Court ordered that the decision on the
Brown case be carried out ―with all deliberate speed‖
 1957
 Little Rock Nine—President Dwight Eisenhower sends
paratroops to Centra High School (Minnie Jean Brown
was expelled for physically retaliating against white
peers in Feb.)
 Tennesse Board of Education supported colleges to
admit all qualified students without discrimination

9.  1959
 More 30,000 youth march for Public School desegregation
 Bombs explode around Little Rock Nine. Faubus closes public schools
 1961
 Massive student violence when Charlayne Hunter and Hamiltion
Holmes the 1st African Americans to attend University of Georgia
 1962
 Catholic Schools in New Orleans desegregated for the first time in 50
years
 1964
 congress passed a law mandating equal education opportunity for all
American regardless of race, sex, color, or religion.

10. The Roles of different Family
Members especially pertaining to
interacting with the school.
 Grandfather Grandmother
 Tom Joyner Tom Joyner
 Build schools Worked at the
school
 Chris Rock
 Jackie Joyner- Kersee Maya Angelou
Oprah Winfrey

11.  Father Mother
 Linda Johnson Rice Chris Tucker
 Oprah Winfrey
 Bishop T.D. Jakes

12. Helping Education
 Nathan Ross Margold
 Charles Summer & Robert Morris
 Freedom Bureau

13. Communication

14. Education
 Nathan Ross Margold
 Charles Summer & Robert Morris
 Freedmens Bureau

15. Martin Luther King Jr
 ―The function of education
is to teach one to think
intensively and to think
critically. Intelligence plus
character - that is the goal
of true education.‖

16. Communication

17. Story telling

18. Special Gatherings

19. Parents
& Grandparents

20. Songs
 ―Follow the Drinking Gourd‖
 ―Let my people go‖
 ―Wade in the water‖

21. Letters & Newspapers

22. Abolitionists:
 New England anti-slavery
 Head by:
 William Lloyd Garrison

23. Emancipation Proclamation

24. Harriet Tubman

25. Jesse Jackson

26. Unique Forms of
Communication
 Toast
 Jive
 Rap

27.  Teacher Sources: Bibliography
 Skogbergh, J. M. (2010). African American History (Vol. 1, pp. 56-73).
Santa Barbara, CA: Library of
 Congress cataloging.
 (Talks about the African American Heritage and highlights the many
trials and tribulations they went through. Gives dates and information
about the heritage and culture of African Americans.)
 Blight, B. W. (1995). African American People (pp. 74-86). London, United
Kingdom: Salamander Books.
 (talks about the many important people throughout history that helped
with the progression of equality. Covers all parts of the education and
segregation that took place. Very great resource.)
 Skogbergh, J. M. (2010). African American History (Vol. 1, pp. 56-73). Santa
Barbara, CA: Library of
 Congress cataloging.
 (This encyclopedia has all you want to know about the African Americans past.
Has many famous African American people and on top of that includes many
people many of us have never heard of. Touches on education and the process
that it took to overcome the segregation policies. Great resource.

28.  Baker, John. The Washingtons of Wessyngton Plantation. New York: Atria Books,
2009. 419. Print.
 Ezra, Michael. Civil rights movement : people and perspectives. Santa Barbara, Calif:
ABC-CLIO, 2009.
 This teacher resource is helpful in that it had an entire time line of everything that
happened during the Civil Rights movements. Than as you went through the book
it had more details on events that happened and had some more personal details
on the events and great pictures that a teacher could use to really show the
students what the African Americans went through to get their rights.
 Rodriguez, Junius D.. Slavery in the US a Social, Political, and History. 1 ed. Santa
Barbara: 2007.
 This encyclopedia was helpful for things that happened while African
Americans were slaves in this country. It talked about the education they were
able to get in how they would get along with other rights that they didn’t have and
the history of that time period. It was full of useful information.
 http://youtu.be/m2wype7HbfU (video)
 "Listening To Our Past." Prod. Sabin Streeter. African American Lives. PBS: 2006. DVD.
 This program is very useful for teachers because it deals with famous figures that
the students will know and like. It also gives great views of how life was from their
personal experiences. It is raw truth about what life was like for these big figures.
 "The Road Home." Prod. Sabin Streeter. African American Lives 2. PBS: 2008. DVD.

29. Resources for children
 Webquest.com( Great online resource for students. Has topics set up for students and also includes- interactive
games, videos, outlines, expectations, summaries, goals and pre-approved links to websites. This is a great
reliable resource for students of all ages.)
 Books-
 I am Rosa Parks- by: Rosa Parks & James Haskins illustrated by Will Clay( Rosa Parks gives incite into her battle with
segregation. This book shows that anyone can stand up for what they believe in. Great resource for teachers,
especially during black history month.)
 Sweet Clara and the freedom quilt –By-Deborah Hopkinson illustrated by James Ransome(Is about a young colored girl
who children can relate to during her journey. She shows the African American culture and gives great incite on
what their culture is like.)
 Weatherford, Carole B, and R Christie. Dear Mr. Rosenwald. New York: Scholastic Press, 2006.
 This picture book is based on a true story of the Rosenwald schools that were built in the 1920’s in rural
South. It is told in the eyes of a 10 year old girl who is helping her community build a school. This is great for kids to
read to see things through a child’s eyes and to see the hope that Rosenwald and Booker T. Washington inspired
in the African American people.
 Kalman, Bobbie. A Slave Family. New York: Crabtree Publishing Company, 2004. Print.
 This book is a great source for children because it is an easy read. It also gives a good amount of detail about slave
life but doesn’t go as far as to scare the children with too much vivid detail.
 America's Journey Through Slavery. Film. 12 Nov 2012.
 This movie is perfect because it is short enough to keep their attention and also gives good information that is right
to the point. It is full of facts that are talked about and shown. It gives examples of all different types of slaves and
where they came from and each different type of journey to freedom.