1. Graphene: enter to the 2D world
Made by %username%

2. ⫸What is «graphene»?
• Graphene is a single layer of graphite
(structure like honeycomb).
2

3. ⫸Properties of graphene
• Thinnest imaginable material (and first truly 2D
material ever made)
• Strongest material ever measured (theoretical
limit)
• Stiffest known material (stiffer than diamond)
• Most stretchable crystal (up to 20% elastically)
• Record thermal conductivity (outperforming
diamond)
• Highest current density at room temperature
(million times of those in Cu)
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4. • Conducts electricity in the limit of no electrons
• Zero rest mass of charge carriers (not electrons!)
• Largest surface area (~3,000 m^2 per gram)
• Allows to observe quantum phenomena at room T
The electronic structure of graphene
(sp2 hybridisation)
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5. ⫸Biography of Prof. Andre K. Geim:
from Ignoble to Nobel Prize
In every pencil
line we can observe
graphene scales.
Andre Geim & his
team done more
than just observe.
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6. First slide from Geim’s Nobel lecture.
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7. 1982 MIPT(«FizTeh»)
graduation.
A. Geim: «The pressure
to work and to study
was so intense that it
was not a rare thing for
people to break and
leave, and some of
them ended up with
everything from
schizophrenia to
depression to suicide.»
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8. 1987 PhD at the
Institute of Solid
State Physics,
Chernogolovka,
Russia
A.Geim: «Message I
took away: NEVER
TORTURE
STUDENTS WITH
BORING/DEAD
PROJECTS !»
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9. • 1987-1990 Research Scientist at the Institute for
Microelectronics Technology, Chernogolovka
• 1990-1994 Postdoctoral Fellow at the Universities of
Nottingham, Bath and Copenhagen
• 1994 -2000 Associate Professor (UHD), University of
Nijmegen, Netherlands
• 2001 -2007 Professor of Physics, University of
Manchester, UK
• 2007 -2010 EPSRC Senior Research Fellow
• since 2002 Director, Centre for Mesoscience &
Nanotechnology, University of Manchester
• since 2007 Langworthy Professor of Physics, University of
Manchester, UK
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10. • «Friday night experiments»
+ Flying Frog (The Ignobel Prize in Physics 2000)
In a magnetic field
of about 0.1 Tesla
(superconductivity)
In a magnetic field
of about 16 Tesla
(molecular magnetism)
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11. + Hamster as a PhD Student
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12. + A Real Spider-Man (mimicking gecko foot)
Hairs +
Van der Waals force
= Spider-Man ability
Each hair produces
Array of polyimide hairs
a miniscule force
≈10^−7 N,
≈10 N cm^2
2 micron
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13. + Scotch Tape Method making of graphene (first
method)
They find field-effect in samples and it was
the main step to

14. «For groundbreaking experiments regarding the
two-dimensional material graphene»

15. ⫸Applications
Properties: mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity
Applications: composite materials with superior mechanical
properties, electrical and thermal conductivity
Graphene paper from

16. Properties: electrical conductivity, optical transparency
Applications: transparent conductor (LCDs, touch-screens, solar cells,
etc.)

17. Properties: electronic transport properties, 2D nature
Applications: chemical sensors
Properties: outstanding mobility, good transconductance, ultimate
thickness
Applications: high-frequency electronics
MIT graphene transistor (1000 GHz)

18. Sources:
⫸REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, VOLUME 83, JULY–SEPTEMBER 2011// Nobel
Lecture: Random walk to graphene// Andre K. Geim
⫸NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY | ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION
|www.nature.com/naturenanotechnology/ // Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch
graphene films for transparent electrodes
⫸A.Geim’s Nobel lecture slides
⫸GRAPHENE: MATERIALS IN THE FLATLAND// Nobel Lecture, December 8, 2010 By
KONSTANTIN S. NOVOSELOV
⫸Tuning electronic properties of graphene by confinement and disorder, Oleg Yazyev//
Department of Physics University of California, Berkeley// Materials Sciences Division
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

19. Thank you!
Questions?