1. Variation in workability of
concrete by replacing stone
chips with crushed bricks.
Submitted by :
Animesh Anand ( BE/10423/12 )
Rajeev Ranjan ( BE/10420/12 )
Saurabh Parihar ( BE/10456/12 )
Under the guidance of :
Dr. Arun Kumar

2. ABSTRACT
• By far the most common coarse aggregate used in concrete is obtained from
natural rock, but type of rock suitable for concrete making is not available
everywhere.
• InTripura a north-eastern state of India brick aggregate concrete are used
conventionally for ordinary concrete due to scarcity of aggregate from natural
source.
• Due to advancement of concrete technology and to fullfill the durability
requirement it necessitated to use standard concrete, for which only stone
aggregate is used, as a result, cost of construction has been skyrocketed as these
are transported from other states.

3. ABSTRACT (Cont.)
• Therefore, in this project a concerted effort has been made to check the feasibility of use of
brick aggregate made of locally available brick in standard concrete (M25).
• This project describes an experimental investigation on workability of concrete made of brick
chips.
• Different sizes of aggregate were used here. It can be seen that pervious concrete made of brick
chips performs well in respect of permeability; however, the strength of this concrete is lower
than that of the stone aggregate concrete.

4. Introduction
• Concrete is produced by mixing cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water to
produce a material that can be moulded into almost any shape.The major volume
of concrete is filled with aggregate.
• The demand for aggregate is enormous in liberalization, privatization and
globalization, and in the construction of important infrastructure projects like
Expressways, Airports, nuclear plants etc.The increased extraction of coarse and
fine aggregate from the natural resources is required to meet this high demand.
The increasing use of natural fine aggregate creates an ecological imbalance.Thus,
partial replacement of coarse aggregate is vital in construction industries

5. Introduction (Contd.)
• Workability of Concrete: Workability is one of the physical parameters of
concrete which affects the strength and durability as well as the cost of
labor and appearance of the finished product.
• Concrete is said to be workable when it is easily placed and compacted
homogeneously i.e without bleeding or Segregation.
• Definition of Workability: The property of fresh concrete which is
indicated by the amount of useful internal work required to fully compact
the concrete without bleeding or segregation in the finished product.

6. Material Used
• Cement : The cement used was ordinary Portland cement (OPC) of 43 grades conforming
to IS: 8112-1989.
• Fine Aggregate : One type of fine aggregate was used throughout the experimental work
so as to keep the fine aggregate variable constant.The sieve analysis was carried out in
accordance with IS: 383-1970 for the fine aggregate.
• Brick Aggregate: Full bricks were crushed and then they were passed through 20mm sieve
and retained on 10mm sieve.The breaking of brick was done manually with hammer which
produced angular aggregate.They were used in SSD (Satutrated Surface Dry) Condition.
• Stone Aggregate: Stone chips passing through 20mm sieve and retained on 10mm sieve
were used throughout the project.
• Water:Water available in the college laboratory

7. Measurement of workability: SlumpTest
• The slump is a measure indicating the consistency or workability of cement
concrete. It gives an idea of water content needed for concrete to be used
for different works.
• Apparatus: Iron pan to mix concrete, slump cone, trowels, tamping rod and
graduated cylinder.

8. Apparatus

9. Standard Slump Values
Degree of workability Slump (mm) Use for which concrete is suitable
Very low 0-25 Very dry mixes; used in road making. Roads vibrated
by power operated machines.
Low 25-50
Low workability mixes; used for foundations with
light reinforcement. Roads vibrated by hand
operated Machines.
Medium 50-100
Medium workability mixes; manually compacted flat
slabs using crushed aggregates. Normal reinforced
concrete manually compacted and heavily reinforced
sections with vibrations.
High 100-175
High workability concrete; for sections with
congested reinforcement. Not normally suitable for
vibration

10. Preparation Of Sample
• Sand : Cement : Coarse Aggregate – 1:1:2
• Maximum Cement Content : 420KG/m3
• Brick Bats are used in SSD condition.
• Water Used
Sl.
No.
Water Cement Ratio
Volume of Water
(Litres)
1. 0.4 2
2. 0.45 2.25
3. 0.5 2.5

11. Observations
Value Of Slump (mm)
Sl.
No.
Stone Chips : Brick Bats
W/C ratio
0.4 0.45 0.5
1. 1 : 0 80.3 101 104
2. 3 : 1 78.1 97 102
3. 1 : 1 61 83.7 89.8
4. 1 : 3 43.3 67 73.2
5. 0 : 1 34 47 58.4
Table 1.0
Low Workability
MediumWorkability
HighWorkability

12. Slump Values
Sl
No
W/C Ratio
Stone Chips : Brick Bats
1 : 0 3 : 1 1 : 1 1 : 3 0 : 1
1. 0.4 80.3 78.1 61 43.3 34
2. 0.45 101 97 83.7 67 47
3. 0.5 104 102 89.8 73.2 58.4
Table 2.0

13. Observations (Contd.)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
SlumpValue (mm) vs Brick bats (%)
W/C : 0.4 W/C : 0.45 W/C : 0.5
Figure 1.0

14. Result
• TheVariation in workability of concrete by varying percentage of brick bats
as coarse aggregate with W/C ratio as 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5 are given in table 1
and table 2. Also Corresponding graph was plotted in figure 1.

15. Conclusion
• The use of fresh brick and waste brick as a coarse aggregate in concrete
mixes is a feasible option.
• Crushed bricks can be used satisfactorily to produce M25 concrete keeping
water cement ratio in the range of 0.4 to 0.50.
• Again where availability of natural aggregate is limited brick aggregate,
which can be obtain easily by crushing bricks made from landfills, can safely,
be used as a viable alternative in making concrete.

16. Future Scope
• Large scale exploitation of natural aggregate and expensive transportation cost,
it has become necessary to find any other alternative of natural aggregate .
Replacement of natural aggregate will not only save the natural sources for
future generation but will also prevent the environment by using waste material
as natural aggregate.