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Newborn genetic screening for high
risk deafness associated mutations
with a new Tetra-primer ARMS PCR

Presented by:
Satyender kumar
Department of Natural Products

1
How ear work?

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1278160/Deafness-cure-breakthrough-scientists-create-tiny-ear-hairs-stem-cells.html

2
Hearing loss
Degree of hearing loss

Hearing loss range (db HL)

Normal

-10 to 15

Slight

16-25

Mild

26-40

Moderate

41-55

Moderate severe

56-70

Severe

71-90

Profound

91+

Clark, J. G. (1981). Uses and abuses of hearing loss classification. Asha, 23, 493–500.
3
Types of hearing loss
Hearing loss can be categorized by which
part of the auditory system is damaged

Conductive
hearing loss

Sensorineural
hearing loss

Mixed
hearing loss

4
Epidemiology
10
9
8

Percentage %

7
6
5

9.5

4

7.4

3
2

4.25

4.34

2001

2004

1
0

WHO Deafness Fact Sheet 2013

2008

2015

5
Contd.

According to the estimates of WHO, 278 million people have disabling hearing
impairment.
The prevalence of deafness in India, 63 million people (6.3%) suffer from
significant auditory loss.
WHO Deafness Fact Sheet 2013

6
Causes of Deafness
Malformation of outer ear, ear canal, or middle
ear structures
Fluid in the middle ear from colds
Ear infection
Allergies
Poor Eustachian tube function
Perforated eardrum
Benign tumors
Impacted earwax
Noise
Genetic factors
7
Genetics of Deafness in India
• In, India about 30% of hearing loss may be genetic or
hereditary.
World

India

GJB2

GJB2

SLC26A4

DFNB2

GJB6

SLC26A4

DFNB1

TMC1

DFNB30

MTRNR1
Ghosh M, Vijaya R, Kabra M. Genetics of deafness in India. Indian Journal of Pediatricts 200;71: 531-533.

8
Mutation
A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA
sequence of a gene.
Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the
amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the
gene.

9
Point mutation
 A point mutation, or single base substitution, is a type
of mutation that causes the replacement of a single
base nucleotide with another nucleotide of the genetic
material, DNA or RNA.
 The term point mutation also includes insertions or deletions
of a single base pair.

10
Methods for the individual detection
of specific point mutations
PCR restriction fragment length
polymorphism (RFLP) analysis

Direct sequencing
Real-time PCR analysis

Mass spectrometry
Amplification-Refractory Mutation System
(ARMS-PCR ) technique

11
Newborn genetic screening
Newborn genetic screening is a
health program that identifies
treatable genetic disorders in
newborn infants.
Early intervention to treat these
disorders can eliminate or reduce
symptoms that might otherwise
cause a lifetime of disability.

12
Severe
combined
immunode
ficiency

Congenital
heart
defects

Hearing
loss
Amino
acid
disorders

Targeted
disorders

Urea cycle
disorders

Fatty acid
oxidation
disorders

Cystic
fibrosis
13
14
Objectives
A cost effective method for the screening deafness associated
mutations at early age
SLC26A4 c.9192A>G

MTRNR1
GJB2c.235delC

mt.1555A>G/mt
.1494C>T

Deafness

Han B, Zong L, Li Q, Zhang Z, Wang D, Lan L, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Wang Q. Newborn genetic screening for high risk deafnessassociated mutations with a new Tetra-primer ARMS PCR kit. International jounal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 2013;
77: 1440-1445.

15
Materials and methods
Ethics approval

Collection of samples
Isolation of genomic DNA
Design of Tetra primer for ARMS-PCR
Validation by Sanger sequencing
16
Ethics approval
Approval of ethics committee of the
Chinese PLA General Hospital was taken
for the participation of 1181 Chinese
newborns

17
Collection of samples
Collection of neonates blood samples
were collected from umbilical cord with a
specimen collection card

18
19
Isolation of genomic DNA
DNA extraction
Genomic DNA was extracted according to
ARMS –PCR kit (BIOSINO, China)
The yield of every blood sample produced
>10 ng/μl genomic DNA
Testing of quality and quantity of
extracted DNA using UV at 260 nm and gel
electrophoresis, respectively
20
Design of Tetra primer ARMS-PCR
2- different specific inner primers (F2, R2)
2- different non-specific outer primers (F1, R1)
Two inner primers in opposite direction
Both the wild type and mutant type amplicons
were simultaneously amplified with PCR reaction
Two allele specific amplicons were separated by
gel electrophoresis

21
ARMS-PCR principle

You FM, Huo N, Gu YQ, Luo MC, Ma Y, Hane D, Lazo GR, Dvorak J, Anderson OD - BMC Bioinformatics (2008) 22
Validation of tetra primer ARMS-PCR
Validation of tetra primer ARMS PCR kit
with wild and mutant type DNA samples
was done by Sanger sequencing

23
Results
The genotypic data and procedures were validated by analysis
of DNA samples of 1181 newborns

For the GJB2 c.235delC and SLC26A4 c,919-2A>G three
situations of Wild type, Homozygous and Heterozygous
genotypes were identified

For MTRNR1 mt.1555A>G and mt.1494C>T two conditions of
Mutation type and Wild type were identified

All samples were distinguished on 2.5% gel electrophoresis as
shown in figures 1-4
24
Genotyping of MTRNR1 mt.1555A>G point mutations

25
Genotyping of MTRNR1 mt.1494C>T point mutations

26
Genotyping of SLC26A4 c.919-2A>G point mutations

27
Genotyping for GJB2 c.235delC point mutations

28
Mutation frequency of the four
point mutations in samples

29
Conclusion
Collection of samples and isolation of genomic DNA
was done from 1181 newborn samples.
Screening
and
validation
methods
for
GJB2, SLC26A4, mtDNA 12S rRNA mutations were
carried out.
No false positive results were found.
A rapid, reproducible and cost effective detection of
deafness gene mutation without special equipment
was developed.
Detection of the 4-high risk deafness associated
mutations with only 4 single tube PCR reaction.
30
For future aspects
Larger-scale epidemiological studies might be
possible about hereditary hearing loss to add
more screening targets and to improve molecular
diagnosis and genetic counseling

31
32

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Newborn genetic screening for high risk deafness associated 2

  • 1. Newborn genetic screening for high risk deafness associated mutations with a new Tetra-primer ARMS PCR Presented by: Satyender kumar Department of Natural Products 1
  • 3. Hearing loss Degree of hearing loss Hearing loss range (db HL) Normal -10 to 15 Slight 16-25 Mild 26-40 Moderate 41-55 Moderate severe 56-70 Severe 71-90 Profound 91+ Clark, J. G. (1981). Uses and abuses of hearing loss classification. Asha, 23, 493–500. 3
  • 4. Types of hearing loss Hearing loss can be categorized by which part of the auditory system is damaged Conductive hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss Mixed hearing loss 4
  • 6. Contd. According to the estimates of WHO, 278 million people have disabling hearing impairment. The prevalence of deafness in India, 63 million people (6.3%) suffer from significant auditory loss. WHO Deafness Fact Sheet 2013 6
  • 7. Causes of Deafness Malformation of outer ear, ear canal, or middle ear structures Fluid in the middle ear from colds Ear infection Allergies Poor Eustachian tube function Perforated eardrum Benign tumors Impacted earwax Noise Genetic factors 7
  • 8. Genetics of Deafness in India • In, India about 30% of hearing loss may be genetic or hereditary. World India GJB2 GJB2 SLC26A4 DFNB2 GJB6 SLC26A4 DFNB1 TMC1 DFNB30 MTRNR1 Ghosh M, Vijaya R, Kabra M. Genetics of deafness in India. Indian Journal of Pediatricts 200;71: 531-533. 8
  • 9. Mutation A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene. 9
  • 10. Point mutation  A point mutation, or single base substitution, is a type of mutation that causes the replacement of a single base nucleotide with another nucleotide of the genetic material, DNA or RNA.  The term point mutation also includes insertions or deletions of a single base pair. 10
  • 11. Methods for the individual detection of specific point mutations PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis Direct sequencing Real-time PCR analysis Mass spectrometry Amplification-Refractory Mutation System (ARMS-PCR ) technique 11
  • 12. Newborn genetic screening Newborn genetic screening is a health program that identifies treatable genetic disorders in newborn infants. Early intervention to treat these disorders can eliminate or reduce symptoms that might otherwise cause a lifetime of disability. 12
  • 14. 14
  • 15. Objectives A cost effective method for the screening deafness associated mutations at early age SLC26A4 c.9192A>G MTRNR1 GJB2c.235delC mt.1555A>G/mt .1494C>T Deafness Han B, Zong L, Li Q, Zhang Z, Wang D, Lan L, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Wang Q. Newborn genetic screening for high risk deafnessassociated mutations with a new Tetra-primer ARMS PCR kit. International jounal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 2013; 77: 1440-1445. 15
  • 16. Materials and methods Ethics approval Collection of samples Isolation of genomic DNA Design of Tetra primer for ARMS-PCR Validation by Sanger sequencing 16
  • 17. Ethics approval Approval of ethics committee of the Chinese PLA General Hospital was taken for the participation of 1181 Chinese newborns 17
  • 18. Collection of samples Collection of neonates blood samples were collected from umbilical cord with a specimen collection card 18
  • 19. 19
  • 20. Isolation of genomic DNA DNA extraction Genomic DNA was extracted according to ARMS –PCR kit (BIOSINO, China) The yield of every blood sample produced >10 ng/μl genomic DNA Testing of quality and quantity of extracted DNA using UV at 260 nm and gel electrophoresis, respectively 20
  • 21. Design of Tetra primer ARMS-PCR 2- different specific inner primers (F2, R2) 2- different non-specific outer primers (F1, R1) Two inner primers in opposite direction Both the wild type and mutant type amplicons were simultaneously amplified with PCR reaction Two allele specific amplicons were separated by gel electrophoresis 21
  • 22. ARMS-PCR principle You FM, Huo N, Gu YQ, Luo MC, Ma Y, Hane D, Lazo GR, Dvorak J, Anderson OD - BMC Bioinformatics (2008) 22
  • 23. Validation of tetra primer ARMS-PCR Validation of tetra primer ARMS PCR kit with wild and mutant type DNA samples was done by Sanger sequencing 23
  • 24. Results The genotypic data and procedures were validated by analysis of DNA samples of 1181 newborns For the GJB2 c.235delC and SLC26A4 c,919-2A>G three situations of Wild type, Homozygous and Heterozygous genotypes were identified For MTRNR1 mt.1555A>G and mt.1494C>T two conditions of Mutation type and Wild type were identified All samples were distinguished on 2.5% gel electrophoresis as shown in figures 1-4 24
  • 25. Genotyping of MTRNR1 mt.1555A>G point mutations 25
  • 26. Genotyping of MTRNR1 mt.1494C>T point mutations 26
  • 27. Genotyping of SLC26A4 c.919-2A>G point mutations 27
  • 28. Genotyping for GJB2 c.235delC point mutations 28
  • 29. Mutation frequency of the four point mutations in samples 29
  • 30. Conclusion Collection of samples and isolation of genomic DNA was done from 1181 newborn samples. Screening and validation methods for GJB2, SLC26A4, mtDNA 12S rRNA mutations were carried out. No false positive results were found. A rapid, reproducible and cost effective detection of deafness gene mutation without special equipment was developed. Detection of the 4-high risk deafness associated mutations with only 4 single tube PCR reaction. 30
  • 31. For future aspects Larger-scale epidemiological studies might be possible about hereditary hearing loss to add more screening targets and to improve molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling 31
  • 32. 32