1. ADVANCEMENT OF CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

2. WHAT IS CONCRETE ?
 Concrete is an essential material used in the
construction of different types of structures.
 Residential buildings,
 Sky scrapers,
 Large office
 Commercial complexes,
 Making bridges,
 Highways,
 Stadiums,
 Irrigation works,
 Airport Tarmacs,
 Pavements,
 Countless prefabricated
products.

3. COMPOSITION OF CONCRETE:
 Cement
 Water
 Aggregates
 Chemical admixtures
 Mineral admixtures

4. CEMENT:
 Portland cement is the most common type of
cement in general usage.
 It is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar and
many plasters.
PORTLAND
CEMENT

5. WATER:
 Combining water with a cementitious material forms
a cement paste by the process of hydration.
 The cement paste glues the aggregate together,
fills voids within it, and makes it flow more.

6. AGGREGATES:
 Fine and coarse aggregates make up the bulk of a
concrete mixture.
 Sand, natural gravel, and crushed stone are used
mainly for this purpose.
Fine aggregate Coarse aggregete

7. CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES:
 Chemical admixtures are materials in the form of
powder or fluids that are added to the concrete to
enhance the properties of the concrete.
 The common types of admixtures are as follows:
 Accelerators
 Retarders
 Air entraining agents
 Plasticizers
 Pigments
 Corrosion inhibitors

8. MINERAL ADMIXTURES:
 Inorganic materials that have latent hydraulic properties,
these very fine-grained materials are added to the
concrete mix to improve the properties of concrete.
 Fly ash
 Ground granulated blast furnace slag
 Silica fume
 Metakaolin
 Carbon nanofibres

9. NORMAL CONCRETE:
 The normal concrete is prepared using only:
 Water
 Cement
 Aggregates
 Concrete has relatively high compressive strength
but significantly lower tensile strength.
 Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal
expansion.
 All concrete structures will changes, due to
shrinkage and tension.

10. DEMERITS OF NORMAL CONCRETE:
 Compared to other binding materials, the tensile
strength of concreter is relatively low.
 Concrete is less ductile.
 The setting time of the concrete is very quick.
 Due to these defects the admixtures can be used to
enhance the properties.

11. ADVANCES IN CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY:
 There have been a number of advances in new
concrete technology in the past ten years.
Fresh concrete Hardened concrete

12. HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE:
 The latest new concrete technology is high performance
concrete (HPC), ultra high performance concrete, and
geo polymer concrete.
 Recycled materials contained in these concrete is
 fly ash,
 ground granulated blast furnace slag,
 silica fume.

13. BENEFITS:
 Reduction in the usage of cement,
 Reduction in the creation of carbon dioxide emissions,
 Energy consumption,
 Very cheaper,
 Higher quality.

14. GREEN CONCRETE:
 Green concrete is environmental friendly concrete.
 Concrete that uses less energy in its production and
produces less carbon dioxide than normal concrete is
called green concrete.
 Usually the carbon dioxide is present in the cement and
in the aggregate.

15. COMPOSITION OF GREEN CONCRETE:
 40% of Portland cement,
 25% of ultra fine slag,
 25% of ultra fine fly ash and 10% of silica fume,
 4% volume fraction of steel fiber.

16. MERITS:
 saving energy and saves money
 Increased concrete industry’s use of waste products by 20%
 NO environmental pollution and sustainable development.
 Green concrete requires less maintenance and repairs.
 Green concrete having better workability than conventional
concrete.
 Good thermal resistant and fire resistant.

17. DEMERITS:
 The main limitation or disadvantage of using green concrete
is that the structures which are constructed using green
concrete have less life than the structures constructed by the
conventional concrete.
 The split tensile strength of the green concrete is less than
the conventional concrete.
 Sometimes corrosion in the steel bars can also occur if the
aggregates used are not free from corrosion leading agents.

18. FEATURES OF GREEN CONCRETE:
The green concrete must have the following
characteristics:
 Optimizes use of available materials
 Better performance
 Enhanced cohesion workability
 Reduced shrinkage
 Durability-Better life time
 Reduced carbon foot print
 No increase in cost
 LEED India Certification

20. SUITABILITY OF CONCRETE:
 Reduce the dead weight of the concrete
 Good thermal and fire resistant
 Improve damping resistance of buildings
 Reduction of concrete Industry’s CO2 emissions by 30%
 Increased concrete industries’ use of waste products by
20%
 No environmental pollution and sustainable development
 Green concrete requires less maintanance and repairs.

21. CONCLUSION:
 Hence cement plays a key role over past 100 years, when
human started construction.
 Cement is the most building material used by human.
 Cement has more compression and steel has more
tension.
 No other material is present , which can replace cement.

22. THANK TOU