2. Introduction
• Dyeing is the process of adding color
to textile products like fibers, yarns,
and fabrics.
• The temperature and time controlling are two
key factors in dyeing.
3. Major types of dyes in textile
finishing
1. Acid 2. Azoic
3. Basic 4.Direct
5. Disperse 6. Mordant
7. Reactive 8. Solvent
9. Sulphur 10. Vat
4. 3. Classification based on the source
of materials
• A very common classification of the dyestuff is
based on the source from which it is made.
• Natural Dyes
• Synthetic Dyes
5. Other important dyes
A number of other classes of dyes have also
been established, that includes the following:
• Fluorescent Dyes - A very innovative dye.
Used for application in sports good etc.
• Fuel Dyes - Used in fuels.
• Leather Dyes - Used for leather.
• Leuco Dyes - Has a wide variety of
applications including electronic
industries and papers.
6. Other important dyes
• Inkjet Dyes - Writing industry including
the inkjet printers.
• Oxidation Dyes - Used mainly for hair.
• Optical Brighteners - Used primarily for textile
fibres and paper.
• Smoke Dyes - Used in military activities.
• Sublimation Dyes - For application in textile
printing.
7. 4. Dyeing process
• The dyeing process is one of the key factors in
the successful trading of textile products.
• Dyeing methods have not changed much with
time.
• Basically water is used to clean, dye and apply
supporting chemicals to the fabrics, and also
to rinse the treated fibers or fabrics
8. Dyeing process
• In addition to the design and beautiful color,
the consumer usually looks for some basic
product characteristics, such as good fixation
with respect to light, perspiration and
washing, both initially and after prolonged
use.
9. Dyeing process
• The dyeing process involves three steps
• Preparation is the step in which unwanted
impurities are removed from the fabrics
before dyeing.
• Dyeing is the application of color to the textile
substrates, mainly using synthetic organic dyes
• Finishing involves treatments with chemical
compounds aimed at improving the quality of
the fabric.
10. Developments in textile processing
machinery
• All textile manufacturers worldwide are trying to
develop their machines to improve not only
quality, productivity and energy consumption,
but attempts are made to make processing eco-
friendly.
• Globalization is the buzz world today. One of the
consequences of globalization is
competitiveness. That means consistent
production of products at competitive prices!
11. Latest innovations in dying
technology
• Recent recession in textile industry has further
increased the demand for processing
machinery with high productivity and low
input cost.
1. E-control concept
2. Batch dyeing: Recent development
3. Jet Air 5000 Vibratronic Dryer/Tumbler
Vibratronic
12. 1. E-control concept:
• It is a concept of simple, rapid, innovative and
economical continuous dyeing process with
minimum chemical usage.
13. E-control concept
• Machinery benefits:
• No infrared drier.
• No batching.
• Extended machinery life
due to avoidance of harsh
chemicals such as salt or
silicate.
• Energy efficient by
optimum humidity
control.
14. E-control concept
• Nip dyeing
In this case, the fabric is
guided from top to
bottom through a
horizontal roller nip.
Passing through a
trough which is
alternatively possible.
15. Contidos SF dosing station
• The Contidos
SF dosing station
guarantees accurate
reproduction at a
premium quality as well
as consistent process
management.
• The system efficiently
controls the entire dyeing
process through
automatic monitoring and
online dosing.
16. Batch dyeing: Recent development
1. Safe fabric transport
and crease formation
ensured by aerodynamic
drive.
3. Active fabric running
control: This facilitates
exact monitoring of fabric
speed, protective fabric
handling.
4. Short processing times
with excellent rinsing
through spraying with
fresh water.
17. Padder mangle
• The padder mangle is
designed to apply with
various types of rubber
hardness, depending on
the type of fabric in
order to achieve the
highest performance
through the best
dehydration and
uniform chemical
padding.
18. Eco-Flow Exhaust System
• The Eco-Flow Exhaust
System has solved the
energy problem that
causes high-energy
consumption, to loss of
60% to70%, in case of
the general stenter in
which an air duct is
installed in each
chambers.
19. Jet Air 5000
• JetAir 5000 is designed
for both woven and
knitted fabrics.
• The machine is suitable
for all kinds of fibers,
both natural and
chemical. The capacity
range is 5 -100m /min.
21. Advantages:
• Reduce the residual
shrinkage of cotton fabric
• Improve the bulky effect
• Shorten the
classic finishing cycles of
cotton knits
• Energy saving
• Uniform and flat cloth
selvedges
23. Novel dyes
• Definition
• A new method of dyeing and printing textiles
is described in which the dye is bound to the
fiber by means of a compound of high
molecular weight.
24. Novel dyes
• The advantages and disadvantages of existing
methods of dyeing and printing textiles are
surveyed and possible methods of combining
dyes chemically with binders are discussed,
with particular reference to the preparation of
film–forming copolymers containing inter
polymerized dye.
25. Novel dyes
• Novel dyes containing C-likned indoxyl
residues, they are prepared by two routes:
• (a) by the reaction of C-electrophiles with N-
acetylindoxyl
• (b) by the reaction of active methylene
compounds with 2-chloroindole-3-one.
26. Electrochemical dyeing : A novel
method
• A novel electrochemical dyeing process results
in product savings, less chemicals with
special safety requirements, and unsurpassed
environmental compatibility. Besides, the new
process also facilitates dye bath monitoring in
real time, ensuring high quality of the dyed
fabric .
28. Economy
• The entire textile industry gets affected
because savings in the chemical costs as
chemical wastes are reduced by 80%
• Reduction of waste water recycling cost at the
same time water savings around 85%,
• They are cheap and simply constructed cell
and easy maintenance, so economical process.
29. Health
• Several times bath recycling is possible with
this dyeing method so it is an environmentally
sound Process.
• Also the toxic nature sulphates and sulphites
are not there so no adverse effect on aquatic
life.
• Low concentration of chemicals and non-toxic
chemicals. Economic technique for recycling of
chemicals and water used for washing.
30. Efficient dyeing process
• Fully controlled dyeing parameters, maximum
process reliability
• Dye reduction rate is very good (10 mg
dye/min) and dye pick up may go up to 85 -
90%.
• Minimum side reactions, eg, dyestuff
destruction due to formation of radicals.
31. Quality of products
• Better overall fastness property compared
with the technique already in use,
reproducible process condition and dyeing
results was observed, so better quality
product.
32. Electrochemical dyeing methods
• There are two methods by means of which
electrochemical dyeing can be carried out,
1. Direct electrochemical dyeing
2. Indirect electrochemical dyeing.
33. Electrochemical dyeing methods
• Direct electrochemical dyeing:
– In case of direct electrochemical dyeing
technique, organic dyestuff has been directly
reduced by contact between dye and electrode.
– In such a system, a dyestuff particle must come
into contact with the electrode surface in order to
get reduced.
34. Electrochemical dyeing methods
• Indirect electrochemical dyeing
– In this system, the dye is not directly reduced at
the electrode rather, a reducing agent is added
that reduces the dye in the conventional manner,
which in turn gets oxidized after dye reduction.
– The agent, which undergoes reduction and
oxidation cycles, is known as a mediator.
35. New generation Dyes in the Textile
Industry
High Strength Reactive dyes – Economical for Medium / Dark shades
High Fixation –Polyfunctional Reactive dyes
Reactive dyes with improved Light fastness for pale depths (especially
Red)
Application of Reactive dyes at Neutral pH
Low Salt Reactive dyes
Fluorescent Reactive dyes for fashion & sportswear
Liquid Reactive dyes for Printing
Reactive Blue, which can withstand water fastness
36. New generation Dyes in the Textile
Industry
Liquid Vat dyes for Pad-Dry-Cure application
Modified Pre-reduced Liquid Vat dyes
High Wash fast Disperse dyes
Alkali stable Disperse dyes
Disperse dyes for dyeing of Micro fibre
Dyes for Ink Jet Printing
Liquid disperse dyes for Printing
37. Conclusion
• The dyeing process is one of the key factors in
the successful trading of textile products.
• Dyeing methods have not changed much with
time.
• Basically water is used to clean, dye and apply
chemicals to the fabrics, and also to rinse the
treated fibers or fabrics.
38. Conclusion
• The changing technology, from hand power, to
water power to steam and then to electricity,
fundamentally changed the textile industry, its
product marketability and its profitability.
• Now its time for another change! Plasma
technology is poised to change the concept of
textile wet processing, as we all know
Innovation never ends.
