3. Risk is a situation involving
exposure to danger

4. What is
Hazard?

5. A hazard is any source of potential damage,
harm or adverse health effects on something or
someone

7. Safety is the condition of being
protected from or unlikely to
cause danger, risk, or injury.

8. Safety Classification
• Radio/electromagnetic fields
• Laser protection
• Dangerous substances
• Welding
• Vibration
• Noise
• Ultrasound
• Power Safety
• Fire Safety
• Air
• Microclimatic parameters
• Thermal environment
• Nanotechnology
• Hazardous

9. Safety Standards
• USA - OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act)
• Great Britain - BS (British Standards)
• China - GB/CCC
• France - (FRA) NF (La norme français)
• India - (IND) IS (India Standardization)

10. IdentifyingSafety
Equipment
•Fire Extinguishers
•Fire Alarms
•Safety Eyewear
•Safety Gloves
•Safety Boots
•Safety Helmets
•Safety Clothing

11. Fire Triangle

12. Safety Equipment - Fire Extinguisher
Types of fires
Class A
Class A fires are fires in ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and
many plastics.
Class B
Class B fires are fires in flammable liquids such as gasoline, petroleum greases, tars, oils,
oil-based paints, solvents, alcohols. Class B fires also include flammable gases such
as propane and butane. Class B fires do not include fires involving cooking oils and grease.

13. Class C
Class C fires are fires involving energized electrical equipment such as computers,
servers, motors, transformers, and appliances. Remove the power and the Class C fire
becomes one of the other classes of fire.
Class D
Class D fires are fires in combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium,
sodium, lithium, and potassium
Class K
Class K fires are fires in cooking oils and greases such as animal and vegetable fats.

14. Water and Foam
Water and Foam fire extinguishers extinguish the fire by taking away the heat element of
the fire triangle. Foam agents also separate the oxygen element from the other
elements.
Water extinguishers are for Class A fires only - they should not be used on Class B or C
fires. The discharge stream could spread the flammable liquid in a Class B fire or could
create a shock hazard on a Class C fire.
Safety Equipment - Fire Extinguisher
Types of Fire Extinguishers

15. Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide fire extinguishers extinguish fire by taking away the oxygen element of the
fire triangle and also be removing the heat with a very cold discharge.
Carbon dioxide can be used on Class B & C fires. They are usually ineffective on Class A fires.
Dry Chemical
Dry Chemical fire extinguishers extinguish the fire primarily by interrupting the chemical
reaction of the fire triangle.
Today's most widely used type of fire extinguisher is the multipurpose dry chemical that is
effective on Class A, B, and C fires. This agent also works by creating a barrier between
the oxygen element and the fuel element on Class A fires.
Ordinary dry chemical is for Class B & C fires only. It is important to use the correct
extinguisher for the type of fuel! Using the incorrect agent can allow the fire to re-ignite
after apparently being extinguished successfully.

16. Wet Chemical
Wet Chemical is a new agent that extinguishes the fire by removing the heat of the fire
triangle and prevents re-ignition by creating a barrier between the oxygen and fuel elements.
Wet chemical of Class K extinguishers were developed for modern, high efficiency deep fat
fryers in commercial cooking operations. Some may also be used on Class A fires in
commercial kitchens.
Clean Agent
Halogenated or Clean Agent extinguishers include the halon agents as well as the newer and
less ozone depleting halocarbon agents. They extinguish the fire by interrupting the chemical
reaction and/or removing heat from the fire triangle.
Clean agent extinguishers are effective on Class A, B and C fires. Smaller sized handheld
extinguishers are not large enough to obtain a 1A rating and may carry only a Class B and C
rating.

17. Dry Powder
Dry Powder extinguishers are similar to dry chemical except that they extinguish the
fire by separating the fuel from the oxygen element or by removing the heat element
of the fire triangle.
However, dry powder extinguishers are for Class D or combustible metal fires, only.
They are ineffective on all other classes of fires.
Water Mist
Water Mist extinguishers are a recent development that extinguish the fire by taking
away the heat element of the fire triangle. They are an alternative to the clean agent
extinguishers where contamination is a concern.
Water mist extinguishers are primarily for Class A fires, although they are safe for use
on Class C fires as well.

18. Cartridge Operated Dry Chemical
Cartridge Operated Dry Chemical fire extinguishers extinguish the fire primarily by
interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire triangle.
Like the stored pressure dry chemical extinguishers, the multipurpose dry
chemical is effective on Class A, B, and C fires. This agent also works by creating
a barrier between the oxygen element and the fuel element on Class A fires.
Ordinary dry chemical is for Class B & C fires only. It is important to use the
correct extinguisher for the type of fuel! Using the incorrect agent can allow the fire
to re-ignite after apparently being extinguished successfully.

19. Safety Equipment - Fire Alarms
Fire is a common element in any industry. It is usually contained and controlled but
sometimes things can go wrong. To warn workers or anyone present of fire. Equipped with heat
sensitive sensors, fire alarms ring out whenever a fire is detected. Some fire alarms are even
equipped with sprinklers that go off to douse the flames.

20. Safety Equipment – Safety Eyewear
ANSI Approved Safety Eyewear
Eye injury is a common problem within the automobile industry as lots of flying projectiles are
produced (welding, cutting). In order to prevent injury employees are required to wear eye
protection such as goggles, glasses, visors, face shields etc…
ANSI (American National Standards Institute) approved Z87.1 certified eyewear is recommended

21. Safety Equipment – Gloves & Boots
When working at a manufacturing plant wear cutting and heavy objects are involved, workers
are required to protect their hands and feet. Safety gloves and boots (Steel Toes) are made by special
materials and are resistant to most forms of cutting, tearing and crushing keeping the workers
hands and feet safe.

22. Safety Equipment – Safety Helmets
A good helmet is an absolute must when working in a manufacturing plant especially when
heavy fellable objects or ground that can cause a person to fall are present. This gear protects the
wearers head from impact and serious injury even death.

23. Safety Equipment – Clothing
Made by tougher Cotton materials than regular clothing, the work wear used by employees in
different occupations should ware the clothing accordingly.

24. Lock Out - Tag Out
Lock Out, Tag Out (LOTO) is a safety
procedure used in industry and
research settings to ensure that
dangerous machines are properly shut
off and not able to be started up again
prior to the completion of maintenance
or repair work.

25. Lab/Shop Safety
How to prevent Accidents, Injuries, fatalities
• Keep floors clean and dry
• Keep aisles/walking pathways free from obstruction
• Keep oil absorbent ready to clean up grease and oil
• Use proper ventilation and exhaust evacuation systems
• Use Correct tools
• Always wear safety equipment in the working area
• Report Dangers and Accidents
• Provide proper safety training

26. Emergency First Aid
• Call 119/ Emergency Authorities
• Eye Emergency
• Locate the eye wash
• Flush Immediately
• Seek medical attention
• Blood Spillage
• Avoid contact with blood
• Do not move someone who injured
• Find help with First aid/ CPR Training