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(adapted from:  Democratizing Innovation by Eric Von Hippel)
Objective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Many Users want custom products  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],User Needs are heterogeneous … . unlike what mass market manufacturers believe
Lead Users customize and develop products themselves  … . Often without the manufacturers
Why do Lead Users customize?  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Manufacturers develop products for many customers … .  leading to missed innovation opportunities
Innovation = Need + Solution  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Information is  sticky ….  Which is why the twain find it difficult to meet User has NEED Information Manufacturer  has SOLUTION Information
Toolkits for User Innovation  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Help both manufacturers and users  … . they iterate within their information domain Manufacturer develops  basic  product  User develops  specific  application
Examples Automobile Car Color Selector for ICI (developed by a company I founded)  … and of course Web Services architecture
Good Toolkits should…  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Quality of Toolkits is key to their effectiveness
Will Users share information? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Lead Users stand to benefit from developing the innovation … ..  They benefit more by sharing its details
Making Enterprise software development fun… …  users developed product ideas in Idea factory

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User Defined Innovation