This presentation is a brief demonstration how clinical psychologist can client with relationship difficulties.

1. Relationship: Understanding the phenomenon.
Relationship: Understanding the phenomenon, guide for the clinician.
Samiul Hossain
Clinical Psychologist II
.

2. Outline:
 Understanding the phenemenon.
Assessment.
 Treatment.

3. Why relationship?
 It is a complicated phenomenon.
Lot's of case received with this kind of this problem.
Stable relationship can be key to productivity.
 Pattern of relationship has been changing over the years.

4. Perspective of relationship: Theoritical aspect.
Attachtment Theory:
Bowlby(1973) proposed this theory. It proposed a model about infant-caregiver relationship.
The relationship depend on the attachtment's figure's availability and proximity during various e
Adult attachtment theorise that, partners replace the parents as the primary attachtment figure

5.  Adult attachtment is a dynamic concept. There are three model to describe the concept.
 Life stress model.
 Proposed by Bowlby( 1969).
 It stated that life events and circumstances that are emotionaly significant can change attacht

6. Life stress model.
Proposed by Bowlby( 1969).
 It stated that life events and circumstances that are emotionaly significant can change attacht
Negative life events such as perception of loss associated with events and moods found to be

7. Social Cognitive Model
Proposed by Baldwin, Keelan, Fehr, Enns and Koh-Rangarajoo( 1996).
It said that, change in attachtment security is result of changing state of minds.
It highlights the temporal, state like features.
Different levels of attachtment wil be reported at different points in time depending upon what is
The recollection of life events that activate feeling of loss will activate insecure attachtment( Da

8. Individual difference model.
 Pathological individual difference can affect the attachtment.
 People who experienced parental divorce are more prone to change in their attachment levels

9. Adutl attachment: two continums
 Anxiety:
 The strong desire to receive attention from partner with a deep fear about relationship and pa
Avoidance:
 The difficulty finding comfort in close psychological and emotional intimacy. It also featured by


10. Types of adult attachtment
 Bartholomew and Horowitz( 1991) coceptualized four styles of adult attachment.
Secure.( Low levels of anxiety and avoidance)
Preoccupied.( High anxiety and low avoidance)
Fearful.( High in anxiety and avoidance)
Dismissing. ( Low anxiety and high avodiance)

11. Why attachment?
 Numerous studies suggests that adult attachment can influence relationship so many way.
Such as: relationship satisfaction( Hazan & shaver, 1987,1994)
Sexual satisfaction, intimacy( Mickelson, Kessler& Shaver,1997).
Communication( Collins & Read,1990)
Conflict Resolution styles( Shi, 2003)

12. Continue
 Propensity for domestic violence( Weston,2008).
Secure attachment contribute to relationship stability( Karakurt,2012)

13. Relationship maintenance
 Relationship need to be maintained as like automobile need to be maintained.
Relationship maintenance behaviour help to sustain the relationship in different stage. It also p
It can be performed either stratigically to produce specific outcome or routinely;performed with

14. Relationship Maintenance
Use of this behaviour can be perceived by other partner as an indication of quality of relationsh
 It also predicts liking one's partner, commitment in relationships and relationships satisfaction.

15. Continue
 Studies have identified severeal relationship maintenance behaviour. Such as:
Positivity( Being optimistic and hopeful about the relationship)
Opennes( Desire to disclose information to one partner)
Assurances.
Social networks( Use common friendships to gain support and keep the relationship enjoyable)

16. Continue
Sharing tasks( Sharing household duties and completing shared reponsibilities)
These behaviours can be affected by the partner's attachment pattern( Adams & Baptist, 2012)

17. Common relationship problems
Infedility:
It is most damaging act in the relationship and most difficult to treat( Whisman, Dixon and John
Therapists estimate that 50-65% of their practice involved couples that have problems with infe

18. Continue
 Infidelity often measured by the act that breaks the agreement of sexual monogamy between t

19. Types of infidelity
 Emotional affair:
When the partner spends emotional resources like love, time and attention to other individual.
Sexual affair or Physical infidelity:
When one partner involved in sexual activity with somebody other than primary partner.
Combined type:
It has greatest threat to the relationship ( Glass and Wright, 1985)

20.  People scored higher in anxcious attachment were more likely to participate infidelity( Bogaert
Males with dismissive attachment styles and female with preoccupied attachment styles had hi
People with Fearful and preoccupied attachment style more likely to practice in infidelity( Fish,

21.  Preoccupied individuals fear of abandonment and always seek closeness, approval from other
 So they can involve infidelity to validate their self worth.

22. Emotional reactivity also have an impact on infidelity.
Parental infidelity also have an impact.

23. How to build a stable relationship?
There are broad range of factors found to be associated with stable relationship.
There are multifaceted factors associated with relationship stability.

24. Kaakurt's Model.
