Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections.Like antibiotics for bacteria, specific antivirals are used for specific viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit their development. Antiviral drugs are one class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs,or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from viricides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Antivirals also can be found in essential oils of some herbs, such as eucalyptus oil and its constituents.

1. BYBY
Dr.Dr. SAMINATHAN KAYAROHANAMSAMINATHAN KAYAROHANAM
M.PHARM, M.B.A, PhDM.PHARM, M.B.A, PhD
ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
1
7

2. 2
NUM CONTENT SLIDE
11 INTRODUCTION TO VIRUS 4
22 THE STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES 5-7
33 VIRUSES SIZE COMPARISON BETWEEN E.COLI 8
44 TYPE OF VIRUS (RNA VIRUS) (DNA VIRUS) 9,10
55 CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS 11
66 MECHANISM OF ANTIVIRAL AGENTS 12
77 MECHANISM OF SELECTED ANTIVIRAL AGENTS 13-15
88 HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL (HIV) THERAPY
(HAART)
16
99 DRUGS USED TO PREVENT HIV FROM REPLICATING
1010 TOXIC EFFECT OF PROTEASE INHIBITORS/ANTIVIRAL
DRUG
19-22

3. 3 Con…
LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Describe and understand the virus and structure of
virus.
2. Able to understand the types of viruses.
3. List the classification of drugs used to treat virus
infections.
4. Abele to demonstrate the general mechanism of
antivirus drugs.
5. Describe the adverse drug reaction of antiviral drugs.
6. Able to understand the antivirus available drugs and
dose in the market.

4. 4
1.INTRODUCTION TO VIRUS
Virion size range is ~10-400
nm
All virions contain a
nucleocapsid which is
composed of nucleic acid
(DNA or RNA) and a protein
coat (capsid)
Some viruses consist only of
a nucleocapsid, others have
additional components
Envelopes
• virions having envelopes
= enveloped viruses
• virions lacking envelopes
= naked viruses
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

5. 5
2.THE STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES
Con…
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
Many viruses that infect humans and other animals are
enveloped.
Envelopes form when viral glycoproteins and oligosaccharides
associate with the plasma membrane of the host cell.
All envelopes have a phospholipid bilayer.
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

6. 2.VIRAL ENVELOPES
6
Envelopes vary in:
Size
Morphology
Complexity
Composition
Con…Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

7. 2.GENOMIC PACKAGING
7
Genome packaging has an important role
in the infection.
Viral genomes are packaged in one of
three ways:
• Directly in the capsid-inner side of the
protein coat
• Enclosed in special proteins-nucleic acid
binding protein
• Enclosed in proteins from the host cell
Con…Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

8. 3.VIRUSES SIZE COMPARISON BETWEEN E.COLI
8
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

9. 9
4.TYPE OF VIRUS (RNA VIRUS)
Con…Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

10. 10
4.TYPE OF VIRUS (DNA VIRUS)
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

11. 11
4.TYPE OF VIRUS (DNA VIRUS)
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

12. 12
5.CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
1
2
3
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

13. 6.MECHANISM OF ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
13Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

14. 7.MECHANISM OF SELECTED ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
Con…
14
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

15. 15
7.MECHANISM OF SELECTED ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
Con…Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

16. 8.HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL (HIV) THERAPY (HAART)
16 4Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

17. 9.DRUGS USED TO PREVENT HIV FROM
REPLICATING
Con…17 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

18. 9.DRUGS USED TO PREVENT HIV FROM
REPLICATING
18
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

19. 10.TOXIC EFFECT OF PROTEASE INHIBITORS/ANTIVIRAL DRUG
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

20. 20
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO
ABACAVIR
SOME ADVERSE EFFECTS OF
THE HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Con…Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

21. 21
ADVERSE REACTIONS OF
EFAVIRENZ
ADVERSE REACTIONS OF
NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS
Con…Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

22. 22
ADMINISTRATION, METABOLISM, AND TOXICITY OF
ZIDOVUDINE (AZT) DIDANOSINE
Con…Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

23. 23
11
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

24. 24
2
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

25. 25
3
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

26. 26
4
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

27. 27
4
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

28. 4
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Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

29. 4
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Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D

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Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D