The topic is of the introduction to structure of cell/ Cell structure which is at class 9 chapter and this project is made by me name sangeeth

1. Sangeeth Sivadasan
Science PPT
INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL OF
CELL

2. Definition of Cell
 The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism is called
cell.
Examples are:- Human blood cell, sperm cell, neuron (nerve cell),
erythrocytes.

3. Discovery of Cell
• Mainly the discovery of cell was firstly done by Robert Hooke in
1665 using primitive microscope.
• He named it as cell honeycomb-like network of cellulae (Latin for
little storage rooms).
• All his contribution has been published in his famous work
micrographia.

4. Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic cells
•Eukaryotic cells

5. Prokaryotic
• Earliest cells than other types.
• Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
• Few internal structures
• One-celled organisms.
• Normally small in size.

6. Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Formed from prokaryotic cells by grouping of 2 or more cells.
• Examples like bacteria, amoeba, fungi, plants, etc. are included.
• In these cells, there is no surety of presence of cells walls. Means,
the cell walls may or may not be present at a specific period.

7. Types of eukaryotic cell
• Plant cell
• Animal cell

8. Plant cell
• Plant cells are a type of eukaryotic cell that are found in the organisms
within the Plant Kingdom. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus. Plant
cells differ from other eukaryotic cells because the organelles present are
different. Organelles are the major parts of a cell.
• These plants and algae in eukaryotic contains chloroplasts.

9. Animal cell
• An animal cell is a type of cell that dominates most of the
tissue cells in animals. Animal cells are different from plant cells because
they don't have cell walls and chloroplasts, which are relevant to
plant cells.
• Examples like amoeba, bacteria ,etc. are include in it.

10. Cell Membrane
• Considered to be the plasma membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm
of the cell.
• In animal cells, it is always in the outer boundary of the cells. But in
plant cells, it is usually covered with cell wall.
• Also known as the semi permeable because those are made up of
phospholipids and proteins.

11. Cell Wall
• Most commonly found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
• Its main functions is to protect the cells by providing mechanical and
technical support to them.
• The main difference with respect to cell wall that different plants and
animals have cell wall with different materials included in it. Like plant
cell wall made up of cellulose and fungi made up of chitin.

12. Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
• Contains genetic material – DNA
• Contains nucleolus and nucleoplasm.
• Basically a double layered containing pores.

13. Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around in cell
• Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
• Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

15. Ribosomes
• Each cell contains thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell

16. Mitochondria
• Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats &
carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

17. Golgi Bodies
• Protein packaging of the cell.
• Move materials within the cell
• Move materials out of the cell

18. Lysosome
• Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

19. Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain shape

20. Chloroplast
• Usually found in plant cells
• Contains green chlorophyll
• photosynthesis takes place

21. Reference
• Albert., & Bruce. (n.d). Cell biology. Retrieved 27 May, 2016, from
https://en.Wikipedia.org./wiki/cell_(biology)
• Cell- structure and functions.(n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2016, from,
http://bio100.class.uic.edu/lecturesf04am/lect06.htm.