Psychological resilience is defined as an individual's ability to properly adapt to stress and adversity. Stress and adversity can come in the shape of family or relationship problems, health problems, or workplace and financial worries, among others.

1. M.S Sara Dawod

2. Introduction
 Many people are exposed to loss or potentially
traumatic events at some point in their lives, and vet
they continue to have positive emotional experiences
and show only minor and transient disruptions in
their ability to function. Un fortunately, because
much of psychology ‘s knowledge about how adults
cope with loss or trauma has come from individuals
who sought treatment or exhibited great distress,
loss and trauma theorists have often viewed this type
 of resilience as either rare or pathological

3.  How do people deal with difficult events that change
their lives? The death of a loved one, loss of a job,
serious illness, terrorist attacks and other traumatic
events: these are all examples of very challenging life
experiences. Many people react to such circumstances
with a flood of strong emotions and a sense of
uncertainty. people generally adapt well over time to
life-changing situations and stressful conditions. What
enables them to do so? It involves resilience, an
ongoing process that requires time and effort and
engages people in taking a number of steps.

4. Psychological Resilience
 is an individual's tendency to cope with stress and
adversity.
 Psychologists have identified some of the factors that
make someone resilient, among them
 A positive attitude
 Optimism.
 The ability to regulate emotions.
 The ability to see failure as a form of helpful feedback.

5. Resilience is different from
recovery:
 Term recovery is trajectory in which normal
functioning temporarily gives way to psychopathlogy
(depression,PTSD )usually for a period of time at least
several months and gradually returns to pre event
level, full recovery may be raped or may takes as long
as one or two years.
 Resilience is the ability of individuals who are exposed
to an high disruptive event such as death and violent,
to maintain relatively stable, healthy level of
psychological and physical function

6. Resilience is common:
 Researches on acute and chronic grief and PTSD HAS
dominated on how adult cope with aversive life events
such reactions come to viewed as the norm. But
theorists have been highly suspecting about
individuals who do not show pronounced distress
reaction or who display positive emotions following
loss, assuming that such individuals are suffering from
pathological or dysfunctional form of absent grief.

7. Resilience to loss:
 Bereavement theorists have viewed the absence of
prolonged distress or depression following the death of
a friend or relative termed absent grief as rare and
pathological response that result from denial or
avoidance of emotional realities and loss, they describe
the prolonged absence of conscious grieving as a type
of disorder, and the expression of positive emotions
during early stage of bereavement as a form of
defensive denial or personality pathology.

8.  Resilience to unsettling effects of interpersonal loss is
not rare but relatively common, it does appear to
indicate pathology but rather healthy adjustment and
does not lead to delayed grief reaction.
 The researches shows that chronic depression and
distress occur in 10% of 15% bereaved individuals .
 In studies that report aggregate data bereaved
individuals who exhibited low level of depression or
distress 50% .

9. Resilience to violent and life
threatening event
 Trauma theorists are some times surprised when
exposed individuals do not how more than few OTSD
symptoms, those who cope well with bereavement are
some times viewed as cold ad unfeeling, those who
cope with violent are often viewed in term extreme
heroism.

10. Pathway to resilience
 There are multiple and have way to resilience.
 1-Hardness
 The personality trait of hardness helps to buffer
exposure to extreme stress, Hardness consists three
dimension .
 1-Being committed to finding meaning full purpose in
life.
 2-The belief that one can influence ones surroundings
and outcome events.
 3-Belief that one can learn and grow from both
positive and negative life experiences.

11.  Hardy individuals are also more confident and better
able to active coping and social support thus helping
them to deal with distress they do experience.

12.  2- Self-enhancement.
 3-repressive coping .
 Resilience to loss and trauma has also been found
among another less likely group repressive coping.
 Repressors avoid unpleasant thought emotions and
memories .
 repressive coping appears to operate primarily
through emotion-focused mechanism such as
emotional dissociation, it is viewed as maladaptive and
may be associated with long term health cost.

13.  4-Positive emotion and laughter.
 Positive emotion can help to reduce level of distress
following aversive event by quieting or undoing
negative emotions

14.  There are natural biological processes that facilitate
our recovery from stress. A process called allostasis
attempts to get all of the physiological systems back to
her steady state after the stress response.
 There are three core psychological attributes at the
heart of resilience:
 * Strength.
 * Meaning/purpose.
 * Pleasure.

15.  Factors in Resilience
 A combination of factors contributes to resilience. Many studies
show that the primary factor in resilience is having caring and
supportive relationships within and outside the family.
Relationships that create love and trust, provide role models, and
offer encouragement and reassurance help bolster a person's
resilience.
 Several additional factors are associated with resilience, including:
 1-The capacity to make realistic plans and take steps to carry them
out
 2-A positive view of yourself and confidence in your strengths and
abilities
 3-Skills in communication and problem solving
 2-The capacity to manage strong feelings and impulses
 All of these are factors that people can develop in themselves.

16. v
Ways to build resilience
 Make connections. Good relationships with close
family members, friends, or others are important.
Avoid seeing crises as insurmountable problems
Accept that change is a part of living. . Develop
Accepting circumstances that cannot be changed .
 Move toward your goals.
 Take decisive actions. Act on adverse situations as
much as you can. Take decisive actions, rather than
detaching completely from problems and stresses and
wishing they would just go away.
 Look for opportunities for self-discovery.
 Make a positive view of yourself

17.  Staying flexible
 Resilience involves maintaining flexibility and balance
in your life as you deal with stressful circumstances
and traumatic events. This happens in several ways,
including:
 Take care of yourself.

18.  Being resilient does not mean that a person doesn't
experience difficulty or distress. Emotional pain and
sadness are common in people who have suffered
major adversity or trauma in their lives. In fact, the
road to resilience is likely to involve considerable
emotional distress.
 Resilience is not a trait that people either have or do
not have. It involves behaviors, thoughts, and actions
that can be learned and developed in anyone.